-
Unit 1 What
’
s the mat
ter?
知识清单
+
习题
一
.
必记单词
matter n
.问题;事情
hurt v. (
使
)
疼痛,受伤
kilo n.
千克,公斤
stomachache
n
.胃痛;腹痛
passenger n
.乘客;旅客
rock n.
岩石
neck n.
颈,脖子
trouble
n.
问题;苦恼
knife n.
刀
throat n.
咽喉,喉咙
hit
v.
击,打
blood n.
血
fever n.
发烧
bandage n.
绷带
v.
用绷带包扎
mean v.
意思是,打算,离开
lie
v
.躺;平躺
press v.
压,挤,按
importance
n.
重要性;重要
rest v&n.
放松,休息
sick adj.
生病的,有病的
decision n.
决定;抉择
cough n&v.
咳嗽
knee n.
膝盖
control n&v.
限制,约束,管理
headache n
.头痛
climber n.
登山者
spirit n.
勇气,意志
X-ray n.
X
射线,
X
光
risk n&v
危险,风险,冒险
death
n
.死;死亡
toothache n.
牙痛
accident n.
(交通)事故;意外遭遇
nurse n.
护士
break n.
间歇,休息
situation n.
情况,状况
二
.
常考短语
have a cold
感冒
think
about
考虑
have a
stomachache
胃痛
have a heart
problem
有心脏病
lie
down
躺下
get
to
到达
take
one
'
s
temperature
量体温
do
the right thing
做正确的事
have a fever
发烧
fall down
摔倒;跌倒
take breaks
休息
play soccer
踢足球
get off
下车
put
…
on sth
把
…
..
放在某物上
to
one
’
s
surprise
使…惊讶的;出乎…意料
a few
ー些;几个
right away
立即;马上
come in
进来
get into
陷入;参与
get
hit
/
sunburned
被打击/晒伤
be used
to
习惯于…适应于…
be interested
in
对……感兴趣
take
risks
(
take a
risk
)冒险
lose one
'
s
life
失去生命
run out
< br>(
of
)用尽;耗尽
because
of
因为
cut off
切除
by oneself
独自;单独
get out of
离开
,
从
……
出来
make a decision
/
make decisions
做决定
be
in control of
掌管;管理
go mountain
climbing
去爬山
give
up
放弃
need to do
sth
.需要做某事
too
much
太多
see
sb
.
doing
sth
.看见某人正在做某事
see
a dentist
看牙医
ask sb
sth
询问某人某事
get an X
-
ray
拍个
X
光片
expect sb to do
sth
期待/期望某人做某
put
some medicine on
.在……“上敷些药
agree to do sth
同意做某事
play computer
games
玩电脑游戏
help s
b
.
(
to
)
do
sth
帮助某人做某事
all
weekend
整个周末
want to do
sth
想要做某事
take breaks/take a
break
休息
tell sb
.
to do sth
.告诉某人做某事
without thinking twice
没多想
have problems
(
in
)
doing sth
做某事有困难
go to a doctor
看医生
be
/
get used to doing
sth
.习惯于做某事
take
sb. to the hospital
带某人去医院
use sth to do
sth
.用某物做某事
wait
for
等待
seem to do
sth
好像做某事
to
one
'
s surprise
使…惊
讶的;出乎
……
的意料
keep on doing
sth
继续做某事
thanks
to
多亏;由于
mind
doing sth
.介意做某事
in time
及时
三
.
经典句型
——
What
'
s the matter with
Ben
?本,怎么了?
——
He hurt
himself
.
He has a
sore back
.他伤着自己了。他背痛。
——
What should she do
?
她应该做什么
?
——
She should take her
temperature
.她应该量体温。
四
.
重点语法
1.
询问某人的健康问题及遇到麻烦时的常用表达
(
1
)
< br>.
What
'
s
the
matter
?
A
(
1
)
怎么了?
常用于询问某人患了何种疾病,遇到了什么困难、烦恼或周边
出
了什么状况等,
也可用于询向某物出了什么故障。
其后可接
with sb
.
/
sth
,
表示
“某人/某物怎么了?此句型中,
matter
前须加定冠词
the.
——
What
'
s the matter with
you
?你怎么了?
——
I
have a cold
.我感冒了
拓展
:询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时,常用以下几
种结构来表达:
1
)
.What
'
s the
matter
(
with sb
p>
.
)?(某人)
怎么了?
< br>
2
)
.What
’
s
wrong
(
with sb
.
)
?(某人)
怎么
了?
3
)
.
What
'
s the
trouble
(
with sb.
)?/
What
'
s
one
’
s
trouble
?(某人)出什么事了?
4
)
.What
happened
(
to
sb
.
)?(某人)发生什么事了?
5
)
.Are you
OK
?你没事吧?
6
)
.Is there
anything wrong
(
with
sb
)?(某人)有什么事吗?
(
2
)
I
have a cold
.
A
(
1
)
我感冒了。
have
此处用作及物动词,意为“患(病)
;遭受(病痛)
”
,常用于结构“
have
a
/
an
+疾病名称”
,表示患病或身
体
某部位不舒服。此时它不能用于进行时态。其第三人称单数形式为
has
,过去式为
had.
have a
cold
意为“患感冒”
,相当于
get a cold
/
catch a cold
/
have got a cold
。当
cold
前有表示感冒的轻重程度的
形容词
little
,
bad
,
heavy
等时,不定冠词不能省略。
He had a bad
cold last week
他上个星期患了重感冒
have a fever
发烧
have a
headache
头痛
have a
stomachache
胃痛
have a
cough
咳嗽
拓展:
要表达身体某一部位疼痛或不舒服,可用以下几种结构
1
)某人+
have
/
has
十病症
The twins have
colds
.这对双胞胎感冒了。
2
)某人+
have
/
< br>has a
(
n
)十身体部位-
ache
(
headache
/
toothache
/
stomachache
/
backache/ea
rache)
She had a stomachache last
night
.
.她昨晚胃痛。
3
)某人+
have
/
has a
sore
+身体部位
He has a sore
throat
.他喉呢痛。
4
)某人+
hurt
(
s
)+身体部位或反身代词
He hurt his
leg
.他的腿受伤了
5
)身体部位+
hurt
(
s
)
My head hurts
badly
我头痛得厉害。
6
)某人+
have
/
has a pain in one
'
s
+身体部位
I have a pain in my
chest
.我胸口痛
7
)
(
There is
)
something wrong with one
'
s
+身体部位
There is something wrong with my right
eye.
我的右眼有毛病。
8
)其他表达方式
She has a heart
trouble
她有心脏病。
He got hit on
the head
.他头部受到了擅击。
She cut her
finger
.她割破手指了
2
.情态动词
should
的用法
1)
.
You shouldn
’
t eat
so much next time
.下次你不应该吃那么多
2).
He should lie down and
rest.
他应该躺下休息。
3)
.
He
should see a dentist and get an X
-
ray
.他应该看牙医并拍个
X
< br>光片
4)
.
Should I put some medicine on
it
?我应该在上面敷些药吗?
以上四个句子中都含有情态动词
sh
ould
,其中
2
、
< br>3
两句是肯定句,第
1
句是否定
句
,4
句是一般疑问句
should
情态动词,意为“应该;应当”
,后接
动词原形,无人称和数的变化。否定形式在后加
not
,缩写<
/p>
should
’
t
谓语中含有情态动词
should<
/p>
的肯定句变为一般疑问句时,把
should
提到主语之前。
should
的具体用法为:
1)
.表示提出意见或建议。
You should drink lots of
water
.你应该喝大量的水。
2)
.表示义务、责任。
We should study
hard
.我们应该努力学习。
3)
.表示命令、责备或要求,语气比较强烈。
You shouldn
’
t be
so careless
.你不应该这么粗心。
4)
.表示推测和可能性。
He should be a
teacher
他应该是一位老师。
5)
.用于主语为第一人称的疑问句中,表示征询意见
Should we tell
her about it
?我们应该告诉地这件事吗?
p>
拓展:
助记:情态动词
should
的用法:表示劝告与建议,也表责任与义务,第一人称问句中,征询意见要记清
练习题
:
1.
——
_________?
——
I have a headache and I
don't feel like eating anything.
A. How
are you
B. What
can I do for you
C What's
the matter with you
D. How do you
like it
2.
---What's____
?
——
I have a headache.
A. the wrong
B. the matter
C trouble
D
happened
3. Tom______a bad cold. Let's
take him to the hospital.
A.
hurts
B takes
D has
4. As middle school
students
,
we_____be afraid of
difficulties if we want to make our dreams come
true
A .must
B. shouldn't
C. need
5. For
everyone's safety, we____always remember the law
against driving after drinking.
A could
B should
C might
D would
6.
In
order
to
speak
English
better,
we_____be
afraid
of
losing
face.
Because
the
most
important
thing
is
to
practice.
Remember: practice makes perfect.
A.
should
B. shouldn't
C have to D. mustn
’t
7. You should_____more
fruit
B eating
C. eat
D. to eat
五
.
要点全解
1
、词义辨析:
(
1
)
< br>lie
与
lay
I think you should lie down and rest
.
A
(
2
)
我认为你应该躺下休息。
lie
(
lay
,
lain
,
lying
)此处用作不及物动词,意为“躺;平躺”
。
lie
down
意为“躺下”
Don
'
t lie in bed
all morning
.不要一上午都躺在床上。
He
found a dog lying at the
door.
他发现一只狗趴在门口。
拓展
:
1). lie
(
lay
,
lain
,
lying
)作不
及物动词,还可意为“存在;处于”
。
Qingdao lies in the east of
Shandong
青岛位于山东东部。
Japan lies to
the east of China.
日本位于中国东面。
2).lie
(
lied
,
lied
,
lying
)
t
作不及物
动词,还可意为“撒谎;说谎”
。
lie to
sb
.意为“对某人撒谎”
。
You are lying to
me
.你在对我撤谎。
3).lie
作可数名词,意为“谎言;假话”
。
tell a lie
/
tell
lies
意为“说谎”
。
I know he told a lie just
now
.我知道他刚才说了假话。
4
).lay
(
laid
,
laid
,
laying
)作动词,意为“产(卵)
;下蛋;放置;安放”
。
The hen stopped
laying eggs
.这只母鸡不下蛋了
She laid
the baby down gently on the
bed
.她把婴儿轻轻地放在床上
(
2
)
get
on
/
into
与
get off
/
out of
He got off and asked the woman what hap
pened
.
A
(
3
)
他下车问那位妇女发生了什么事。
get
off
意为“下车”
,其反义短语为
get on
(上车)
Never get off while the bus is
moving.
车在行驶时,切勿下车。
拓展
:
1
)
get off
意为“下(汽车、火车、飞机等)
”
The passengers got off the
bus
乘客们下了公交车。
2
)
get on
意为“登上(汽车、火车等)
”
,后面常跟较大的交通工具
,其反义短语为
get off
When I got on the
bus
,
I saw my
teacher sitting
there
当我上公交车时,我看见我的老师坐在那里。
3
)
get into
意为“进入(汽车、出租车、电梯等)
”
,后面常跟较
小的交通工具,其反义短语为
get our of
He got into a taxi and left
他上了一辆出租车离开了。
4)get out
of
意为“从(汽车、出租车、电梯、直升机等)下来”
She got out of the car and went into
the hall.
她下了车,然后进入了大厅。
(
3
)
thanks
to
与
thanks for
in
time
与
on time
Thanks to Mr .Wang and the passengers,
the man was saved by the doctors in time. A
(
3
)
多亏了王先生和乘客们
,
医生及时挽救了老人的生命。
1
)
thanks to
意为“由于;多亏;因为”在句中作状语,常位于句首,有时可与
because of
或
with the help
of
进行
转换。
Thanks to my teacher, I finished the
homework on time.
=With the help of my
teacher, I finished the homework on
time
.多亏了老师的帮助,我接时完成了作业。
Thanks to (=Because of) the bad
weather, we had to put off our
trip.
由于恶劣的天气,我们只好推迟了旅行。
拓展:
thanks to
意为“由于
,多亏,因为,
”并无当面感谢的意思,其后可接名词或代词
Thanks to these kind
men
,
her son was
saved
多亏了这些好心人,她的儿子得救了
thanks for
意为“因…而感谢”
,后接感谢的原因,其后可接名词、代词或动词
ing
形式
Thanks for your
help
.
感谢你的帮助
Thanks for
telling me about
it
谢谢你告诉我这件事。
2
)
in
t
ime
意为“及时”
,
强调正好赶上事
先约定的时间,没有迟到,其后可接
for
引导的介词短语,表
示“正赶上
某事”
on
time
意为“准时”指按计划做某事,强调不迟到,不早不晚
I am just in time for the
plane
.
.我正好赶上那个航班。
Passengers get onto the
plane on time
.乘客们准时登机。
(
4
)
with
与
in
too
much
,
much
too
与
too many
Then, with his left arm, he bandaged
himself so that he would not lose too much blood
p>
.
B(6)
然后,他用左臂给自己
绑上带,这样他就不会失血过多。
1
)此处介词
with
意为“用(工具等)
”
。
You can cut it
with a knife.
你可以用刀子把它切开。
拓展
:
with,
介
词,
“用(エ具等)
”
They eat with
forks
.他们用叉子吃饭。
I
'
ll have to see
it with my own eyes
.我必须亲眼看到它
in,
介词,
“用(语言、声音、材料
等)
”
She
can give a talk in
English
她能用英语作演讲。
He talked to her in a low
voice
,他低声和地说话。
2
)此处
so that
引导目的状语从句,意为“以便;为了”
。它还可以引导结果状语从句。其用法区别为:
引导目的状语从句,
“以便,为了”
,从句中常使用
can
/
coul
d
/
may
/
should
/
would
等情态动词
引导结果状语从句,
“因此,所以”
,从句中谓语根据需要使用相应的时态,一般不用
can
或
may
等词,在
so
that
前可以用逗号
Bring it closer so that I may see it be
tter
把它拿近些,以便我能看清楚些。
(目的状语从句
p>
She got up late so that she
missed the early bus.
她起床晚了,因此她没赶上早班公交车。
(结果状语从句)
3
)此处
too much
修饰不可数名词,意为“太多”
。
She always has too
much work to do
.她总是有太多工作要做
拓展:
too much
,意为“太多
”
,修饰不可数名词,置于名词前;也可修动词,在动词后
I have too much homework to do today.
今天我有太多作业要做
The doctor told him not to drink too
much.
医生告诉他不要喝太多。
much too
意为“太”
,
修饰形容词或副词原级,表示程度
The
work is much too hard for
me
这工作对我来说太难了
He's much too
fat for his
age.
就他的年龄而言,他太胖了。
too many
意为“太多”
,修饰
复数名词,
There are too many people in the
park.
公园里有太多人。
助记:
too
much
,
much too
,用法区别看后头:
much
后跟不可数,<
/p>
too
后只跟形或副;
too
many
要记住,后面名词
必复数。
2
、
She talked too
much yesterday and didn
’
t
drink enough water
.
A
< br>(
1
)
她昨天说话太多,又没喝
足够的水。
enough
此处用作形
容词,意为“足够的;充足的”
,修饰名词时,常放在名词前,有时也放在名词后
Some children in Africa
don
'
t have enough food to
eat
,一些非洲儿童没有足够的食物吃,
There was enough rain last
year
.去年有足够的雨水
拓展
:
1) enough
作副词,意为“足够地;充分地”
,可修饰形容词或副词,要放在被修饰的
词之后。
It
'
s
warm enough in the
room
.屋子里够暖和了
He runs quickly
enough
他跑得足够快
2)en
ough
后常接“
(
for
+名词/代词+)
to do sth
."结构,意为足够……,能做某事”
,
The box is light enough for the boy to
carry
.这个箱子足够轻,这个男孩能抱动
助记
:
en
ough
在句中的位置:修饰名词很自由,可以置前也可后,若是修饰形或副,一定后置
要记住
3.
drink some hot tea with honey A
< br>(
2
)
喝些加蜂的热茶
介词短语
with
honey
作后置定语,
修饰
hot tea
。
with
为介词,
在此处意为
“具有;
带有”
,
表示事物所具有的性质、
特征;其反义词为
without
,
意为“没有”
。
Would you
like some coffee with
sugar
?你想喝点加糖的咖啡吗?
China is a country with a long
history.
中国是一个有悠久历史的国家。
拓展
:介词
with
的用
法有很多,常见的还有:
1)with
意为“和……“在一起”
。
Mr
.<
/p>
Black is talking with a
friend
.布菜克先生正在和一个朋友谈话