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人教版初中英语8年级下册Unit1 知识清单 习题 (含答案)

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2021-02-07 21:55
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2021年2月7日发(作者:metrology)


Unit 1 What



s the mat ter?


知识清单


+


习题




.


必记单词



matter n


.问题;事情


















hurt v. (



使


)


疼痛,受伤


















kilo n.



千克,公斤






















stomachache n


.胃痛;腹痛













passenger n











.乘客;旅客
















rock n.








岩石































neck n.


颈,脖子



trouble n.


问题;苦恼



knife n.




throat n.


咽喉,喉咙



















hit v.



击,打


























blood n.






























fever n.


发烧


























bandage n.










绷带



v.


用绷带包扎











mean v.









意思是,打算,离开
















lie



v


.躺;平躺



press v.


压,挤,按



importance n.


重要性;重要

















rest v&n.


放松,休息



















sick adj.



生病的,有病的















decision n.



决定;抉择



















cough n&v.


咳嗽























knee n.









膝盖


























control n&v.












限制,约束,管理












headache n


.头痛




















climber n.


登山者



spirit n.



勇气,意志




X-ray n. X


射线,


X


















risk n&v



危险,风险,冒险













death n



.死;死亡






















toothache n.


牙痛






















accident n.










(交通)事故;意外遭遇







nurse n.









护士



break n.


间歇,休息



situation n.


情况,状况





.


常考短语



have a cold


感冒
























think about


考虑





























have a stomachache


胃痛

























have a heart problem


有心脏病



lie down


躺下



get to


到达



























take one



s temperature


量体温











do the right thing


做正确的事


















have a fever


发烧































fall down


摔倒;跌倒



take breaks


休息



play soccer


踢足球




















get off


下车



























put



on sth




..


放在某物上

















to one



s surprise


使…惊讶的;出乎…意料



a few


ー些;几个



right away


立即;马上


















come in


进来























get into


陷入;参与





























get hit




sunburned


被打击/晒伤











be used to


习惯于…适应于…




be interested in


对……感兴趣



take risks




take a risk


)冒险












lose one



s life


失去生命














run out

< br>(


of


)用尽;耗尽
























because of


因为





























cut off


切除



by oneself


独自;单独



get out of


离开


,



……


出来














make a decision




make decisions


做决定






















be in control of


掌管;管理























go mountain climbing


去爬山



give up


放弃



need to do sth


.需要做某事


































too much


太多

























see sb




doing sth


.看见某人正在做某事



see a dentist


看牙医





























ask sb sth


询问某人某事





































get an X



ray


拍个


X


光片

< p>


expect sb to do sth


期待/期望某人做某



put some medicine on


.在……“上敷些药



















agree to do sth














同意做某事










































play computer games


玩电脑游戏



help s b




to




do sth


帮助某人做某事



all weekend


整个周末

















want to do sth


想要做某事



































take breaks/take a break


休息




















tell sb




to do sth


.告诉某人做某事



without thinking twice


没多想



have problems



in




doing sth


做某事有困难



















go to a doctor


看医生


















be




get used to doing sth


.习惯于做某事



take sb. to the hospital


带某人去医院















use sth to do sth


.用某物做某事






























wait for


等待



seem to do sth


好像做某事



to one



s surprise


使…惊 讶的;出乎


……


的意料













keep on doing sth

















继续做某事






































thanks to


多亏;由于



mind doing sth


.介意做某事



in time


及时



























.


经典句型



——


What




s the matter with Ben


?本,怎么了?



——


He hurt himself




He has a sore back


.他伤着自己了。他背痛。



——


What should she do ?


她应该做什么


?


——


She should take her temperature


.她应该量体温。





.


重点语法



1.


询问某人的健康问题及遇到麻烦时的常用表达




1


< br>.


What




s


the


matter

< p>


A



1



怎么了?





常用于询问某人患了何种疾病,遇到了什么困难、烦恼或周边 出


了什么状况等,


也可用于询向某物出了什么故障。

< p>
其后可接



with sb




sth



表示


“某人/某物怎么了?此句型中,



matter


前须加定冠词


the.


——


What




s the matter with you


?你怎么了?









——


I



have a cold


.我感冒了



拓展


:询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时,常用以下几 种结构来表达:



1



.What



s the matter




with sb



)?(某人)


怎么了?

< br>









2



.What



s wrong




with sb




?(某人)


怎么 了?



3



. What




s the trouble




with sb.


)?/


What


s



one



s



trouble


?(某人)出什么事了?



4



.What happened



to sb



)?(某人)发生什么事了?













5



.Are you OK


?你没事吧?



6



.Is there anything wrong




with sb


)?(某人)有什么事吗?










2




I



have a cold



A



1

< p>


我感冒了。




have


此处用作及物动词,意为“患(病)


;遭受(病痛)



,常用于结构“



have


a



an


+疾病名称”


,表示患病或身


体 某部位不舒服。此时它不能用于进行时态。其第三人称单数形式为


has


,过去式为


had.


have a cold


意为“患感冒”


,相当于



get a cold




catch a cold




have got a cold


。当


cold


前有表示感冒的轻重程度的


形容词

little



bad




heavy


等时,不定冠词不能省略。





He had a bad cold last week


他上个星期患了重感冒



have a fever


发烧













have a headache


头痛










have a stomachache


胃痛









have a cough


咳嗽



拓展:



要表达身体某一部位疼痛或不舒服,可用以下几种结构



1


)某人+


have



has


十病症













The twins have colds


.这对双胞胎感冒了。



2


)某人+


have


< br>has a



n


)十身体部位-


ache




headache




toothache




stomachache



backache/ea rache)


She had a stomachache last night



.她昨晚胃痛。



3


)某人+


have




has a sore


+身体部位













He has a sore throat


.他喉呢痛。



4


)某人+


hurt



s


)+身体部位或反身代词










He hurt his leg


.他的腿受伤了



5

< p>
)身体部位+


hurt



s



























My head hurts badly


我头痛得厉害。



6


)某人+


have




has a pain in one



s


+身体部位





I have a pain in my chest


.我胸口痛



7





There is




something wrong with one



s


+身体部位



There is something wrong with my right eye.


我的右眼有毛病。



8


)其他表达方式



She has a heart trouble


她有心脏病。














He got hit on the head


.他头部受到了擅击。



She cut her finger


.她割破手指了




2


.情态动词



should


的用法



1)




You shouldn



t eat so much next time


.下次你不应该吃那么多



2).




He should lie down and rest.


他应该躺下休息。



3)




He should see a dentist and get an X


< p>
ray


.他应该看牙医并拍个


X

< br>光片



4)




Should I put some medicine on it


?我应该在上面敷些药吗?



以上四个句子中都含有情态动词



sh ould


,其中


2


< br>3


两句是肯定句,第


1


句是否定 句


,4


句是一般疑问句



should


情态动词,意为“应该;应当”


,后接 动词原形,无人称和数的变化。否定形式在后加


not


,缩写< /p>


should



t


谓语中含有情态动词



should< /p>


的肯定句变为一般疑问句时,把



should


提到主语之前。




should


的具体用法为:



1)


.表示提出意见或建议。



























You should drink lots of water


.你应该喝大量的水。



2)


.表示义务、责任。































We should study hard


.我们应该努力学习。



3)


.表示命令、责备或要求,语气比较强烈。











You shouldn



t be so careless


.你不应该这么粗心。



4)


.表示推测和可能性。





























He should be a teacher


他应该是一位老师。



5)


.用于主语为第一人称的疑问句中,表示征询意见





Should we tell her about it


?我们应该告诉地这件事吗?



拓展:


助记:情态动词


should


的用法:表示劝告与建议,也表责任与义务,第一人称问句中,征询意见要记清



练习题




1.



——


_________?















——


I have a headache and I don't feel like eating anything.


A. How are you




B. What can I do for you



C What's the matter with you






D. How do you like it


2. ---What's____





——


I have a headache.








A. the wrong



B. the matter



C trouble



D happened


3. Tom______a bad cold. Let's take him to the hospital.







A. hurts




B takes






D has


4. As middle school students



we_____be afraid of difficulties if we want to make our dreams come true




A .must




B. shouldn't



C. need


5. For everyone's safety, we____always remember the law against driving after drinking.


A could



B should




C might



D would


6.


In


order


to


speak


English


better,


we_____be


afraid


of


losing


face.


Because


the


most


important


thing


is


to


practice.


Remember: practice makes perfect.





A. should



B. shouldn't



C have to D. mustn ’t



7. You should_____more fruit







B eating



C. eat



D. to eat




.



要点全解



1


、词义辨析:



1


< br>lie



lay







I think you should lie down and rest



A



2

< p>


我认为你应该躺下休息。



lie



lay




lain




lying


)此处用作不及物动词,意为“躺;平躺”




lie down


意为“躺下”



Don



t lie in bed all morning


.不要一上午都躺在床上。






He found a dog lying at the door.


他发现一只狗趴在门口。



拓展



1). lie



lay



lain




lying


)作不 及物动词,还可意为“存在;处于”




Qingdao lies in the east of Shandong


青岛位于山东东部。





Japan lies to the east of China.


日本位于中国东面。



2).lie



lied



lied



< p>
lying



t


作不及物 动词,还可意为“撒谎;说谎”




lie to sb


.意为“对某人撒谎”




You are lying to me


.你在对我撤谎。



3).lie


作可数名词,意为“谎言;假话”




tell a lie



tell lies


意为“说谎”




I know he told a lie just now


.我知道他刚才说了假话。



4 ).lay



laid



laid




laying


)作动词,意为“产(卵)


;下蛋;放置;安放”




The hen stopped laying eggs


.这只母鸡不下蛋了


She laid the baby down gently on the bed


.她把婴儿轻轻地放在床上




2



get on



into



get off




out of








He got off and asked the woman what hap pened



A


3



他下车问那位妇女发生了什么事。



get off


意为“下车”


,其反义短语为



get on


(上车)



Never get off while the bus is moving.


车在行驶时,切勿下车。


拓展



1



get off


意为“下(汽车、火车、飞机等)




The passengers got off the bus


乘客们下了公交车。



2



get on

意为“登上(汽车、火车等)



,后面常跟较大的交通工具 ,其反义短语为



get off



When I got on the bus




I saw my teacher sitting there


当我上公交车时,我看见我的老师坐在那里。



3



get into


意为“进入(汽车、出租车、电梯等)



,后面常跟较 小的交通工具,其反义短语为



get our of


He got into a taxi and left


他上了一辆出租车离开了。



4)get out of


意为“从(汽车、出租车、电梯、直升机等)下来”



She got out of the car and went into the hall.


她下了车,然后进入了大厅。


< p>


3



thanks to



thanks for

















in time




on time


Thanks to Mr .Wang and the passengers, the man was saved by the doctors in time. A



3



多亏了王先生和乘客们 ,


医生及时挽救了老人的生命。



1



thanks to


意为“由于;多亏;因为”在句中作状语,常位于句首,有时可与



because of




with the help of


进行


转换。



Thanks to my teacher, I finished the homework on time.


=With the help of my teacher, I finished the homework on time


.多亏了老师的帮助,我接时完成了作业。



Thanks to (=Because of) the bad weather, we had to put off our trip.


由于恶劣的天气,我们只好推迟了旅行。



拓展:


thanks to


意为“由于 ,多亏,因为,


”并无当面感谢的意思,其后可接名词或代词



Thanks to these kind men




her son was saved



多亏了这些好心人,她的儿子得救了



thanks for


意为“因…而感谢”

,后接感谢的原因,其后可接名词、代词或动词


ing


形式



Thanks for your help




感谢你的帮助



Thanks for telling me about it


谢谢你告诉我这件事。



2



in


t ime


意为“及时”


,


强调正好赶上事 先约定的时间,没有迟到,其后可接


for


引导的介词短语,表 示“正赶上


某事”



on time


意为“准时”指按计划做某事,强调不迟到,不早不晚



I am just in time for the plane



.我正好赶上那个航班。




Passengers get onto the plane on time


.乘客们准时登机。


< p>


4



with



in






























too much




much too




too many


Then, with his left arm, he bandaged himself so that he would not lose too much blood



B(6)


然后,他用左臂给自己


绑上带,这样他就不会失血过多。



1


)此处介词


with


意为“用(工具等)




You can cut it with a knife.


你可以用刀子把它切开。



拓展



with,


介 词,


“用(エ具等)




They eat with forks


.他们用叉子吃饭。



I



ll have to see it with my own eyes


.我必须亲眼看到它



in,


介词,


“用(语言、声音、材料 等)

















She can give a talk in English


她能用英语作演讲。



He talked to her in a low voice


,他低声和地说话。



2


)此处



so that


引导目的状语从句,意为“以便;为了”


。它还可以引导结果状语从句。其用法区别为:


引导目的状语从句,


“以便,为了”


,从句中常使用


can




coul d



may



should



would


等情态动词



引导结果状语从句,


“因此,所以”


,从句中谓语根据需要使用相应的时态,一般不用


can



may


等词,在



so


that


前可以用逗号



Bring it closer so that I may see it be tter


把它拿近些,以便我能看清楚些。


(目的状语从句



She got up late so that she missed the early bus.


她起床晚了,因此她没赶上早班公交车。


(结果状语从句)



3


)此处



too much


修饰不可数名词,意为“太多”




She always has too much work to do


.她总是有太多工作要做



拓展:


too much


,意为“太多 ”


,修饰不可数名词,置于名词前;也可修动词,在动词后



I have too much homework to do today.



今天我有太多作业要做



The doctor told him not to drink too much.


医生告诉他不要喝太多。



much too


意为“太”


,


修饰形容词或副词原级,表示程度



The work is much too hard for me


这工作对我来说太难了


He's much too fat for his age.


就他的年龄而言,他太胖了。



too many


意为“太多”


,修饰 复数名词,


There are too many people in the park.


公园里有太多人。



助记:


too much




much too


,用法区别看后头:


much


后跟不可数,< /p>


too


后只跟形或副;


too many


要记住,后面名词


必复数。



2



She talked too much yesterday and didn



t drink enough water



A

< br>(


1



她昨天说话太多,又没喝 足够的水。



enough


此处用作形 容词,意为“足够的;充足的”


,修饰名词时,常放在名词前,有时也放在名词后



Some children in Africa don



t have enough food to eat


,一些非洲儿童没有足够的食物吃,



There was enough rain last year


.去年有足够的雨水



拓展



1) enough

< p>
作副词,意为“足够地;充分地”


,可修饰形容词或副词,要放在被修饰的 词之后。



It




s warm enough in the room


.屋子里够暖和了




He runs quickly enough


他跑得足够快



2)en ough


后常接“



for

< p>
+名词/代词+)



to do sth


."结构,意为足够……,能做某事”




The box is light enough for the boy to carry


.这个箱子足够轻,这个男孩能抱动



助记




en ough


在句中的位置:修饰名词很自由,可以置前也可后,若是修饰形或副,一定后置 要记住



3.



drink some hot tea with honey A

< br>(


2



喝些加蜂的热茶



介词短语



with honey


作后置定语,


修饰



hot tea



with

< p>
为介词,


在此处意为


“具有;

带有”



表示事物所具有的性质、


特征;其反义词为



without


, 意为“没有”




Would you like some coffee with sugar


?你想喝点加糖的咖啡吗?



China is a country with a long history.


中国是一个有悠久历史的国家。


< p>
拓展


:介词


with


的用 法有很多,常见的还有:



1)with


意为“和……“在一起”



Mr


.< /p>



Black is talking with a friend


.布菜克先生正在和一个朋友谈话


-


-


-


-


-


-


-


-



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