-
English Literature
Geoffrey Chaucer:
the Father of English Poetry
the Founder of
English Realism
the Master of modern English language
The pioneer of
the English Renaissance
Beowulf:
National epic of the Anglo-Saxons
The story of Beowulf is a folk legend
which reflects the feature of the tribal
world.
John Milton:
Blank verse
双韵体、革命诗人
John
Donne:
peculiar
conceits
奇喻
metaphysical
school
形而上学派
John
Bunyan:
The
pilgrim
’
s progress
天路历程
Daniel
Defoe:
Father of English
novels
英国现代小说之父
Jonathan Swift:
Father of English stylistics
Henry Fielding:
The founder of English realistic novel
小说艺术之父
Alexander
Pope:
英语诗歌艺术之父
Robert Burns:
The poet of peasants
农民作家
Lyrical
Ballads:
The
beginning of romantic revival
Walter
Scott:
The father of
historical novel
历史小说之父
Old English Literature(mid 5th-mid
11th)
Background: Roman conquest A.D 78
Anglo-Saxon settled in English
Old English
From tribal to feudalism
Medieval English Literature
(1066-14th
末）
Background: Norman conquest in 1066
French and Latin prevail
Division into
class
conflicts
Geoffrey Chaucer:
The Canterbury Tales
--
the rising the
bourgeoisie of Britain
--praise man
’
s
energy, intellect, wit and love of life
--satirize the
evil of and degeneration of the noble and
corruption of the church
--French rhymed stanza: heroic
couplet<
英雄双韵体
>
两行一韵
:a-a-b-b-c-c-d-d-e-e-f-
f-g-g
--create the famous terza rima
三行诗
run on
line
跳行
--show a true life picture,
the first smooth English
--the foreshadow of the coming the
English Renaissance
Troilus and Criseyde
1383
<8000lines>
William
Langland:
Piers
the Plowman
The English
Renaissance(14th-17th)
Background:
politically--Henry VIII--Tudor dynasty
--break with Rome
--new religious
dogma protestantism
--Queen
Mary--
反新教，互相妥协
Economically--
the closure movement
<
生产与土地需求，
农民被剥削
>
--Commercial expansion
--exploration
and travel
--colony
Culturally--
Renaissance
Military--with
Spain
William Caxton:
the first English printer
< translate
Canterbury
Tales, Troilus and Criseyde
>
Thomas More:
Utopia
William
Shakespeare:
----Comedy:
A
mid summer Night
’
s Dream
The Merchant of Venice
As you like it
Twelfth Night
----Tragedy:
Ham
let
、
Othello
、
King Lear
、
Macbeth
<
早期
><
/p>
Romeo and Juliet
Main
features: realistic writing
Imitation and adaptation
Language master
Diversified writing skills and
methods:song, sonnet, couplet, blank verse
Sonnets
十四行诗
a-b-a-b-c-d-c-d-e-f-e-f-g-g
^-^-^-^-^-
five feet
One
foot
一个重音和一个或一个以上的非重音
Iambic
Pentameter
抑扬格
Edmund Spenser:
The Shepherd Calendar
The Faerie Queene
Achievement: the Spenserian stanza
9-line stanza--a b a b b c
b c c
Iambic
pentameter
五步格
, iambic
hexameter
六步格
Christopher Marlowe:
Tamburlaine
、
The
Jews of Malta
、
Doctor Faustus
Ben Jonson
(the successor of
Shakespeare)---comedy:
Every man in His
Humour
Volpone
Bartholomew Fair
Fox
The Alchemist
---tragedy:
Sejanus
Catiline
Francis Bacon:
Advancement of Learning
New instrument
The
essays
“
knowledge is
power
”
Translational period
John
Milton:
Paradise Lost
Paradise Regained
Samson Agonistes
John Donne:
Songs and Sonnets
John Bunyan:
The
Pilgrim
’
s
progress
18
th
English
Literature (end of 17th-18th <1789>)
Background: The Glorious Revolution in
1688 ended in a compromise between the
aristocracy and
bourgeois.
English became constitutional monarchy
and power passed from the
King to the Parliament and
the cabinet minister.
The Industrial Revolution
The
Enlightenment marked the beginning of an
intellectual movement
in Europe. An expression
struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism.
Daniel Defoe:
Robinson Crusoe
Jonathan
Swift:
Gulliver
’
s
Travels
Henry Fielding:
Joseph Andrews
Jonathan Wild
Tome
Jones
Samuel Richardson:
Pamela
Alexander Pope:
An Essay on Man
Sentimentalism and Pre-romanticism
Sentimental novel:
The vicar
of Wakefield
Sentimental
poetry:
Elegy written in a country
churchyard
Features: 1. emphasize too much emotion
rather than reason
2. optimistic
attitude toward the goodness of humanity
Pre-romanticism representatives
William Blake:
Songs of Innocence
Songs of
Experience
Robert burns:
My love is like a Red Red
rose
Style: emphasis on natural
sentiment and individual originality, showing
revolutionary
passion against classical
tradition, followed by Shelley.
19
th
En
Historical Background:
Background:
Industrial Revolution
French
revolution, Independence of The United
States
Scholars and writers are
dissatisfactory with the development of
bourgeois,
against the reason of enlightenment. Philosophers
in Europe
and America are active
emotion ,imagination, independence,
individuality and intuition of
humankind prevail.
Romantic
Movement
William
Wordsworth
:
Written in March
Wordsworth
、
Samuel
T(aylor) Coleridge------Lyrical Ballads
Percy Shelley:
Ode to the West Wind
Queen Mab
The revolt of Islam
George
Byron:
Don Juan
“
She
walks in Beauty
”
John Keats:
When
I have fears
Ode to a nightmare
Ode to a Grecian Urn
“
Beauty is truth, truth
beauty
”
Jane
Austin:
Sense and
sensibility
Pride and prejudice
Mansfield Park
Emma
Northanger
Abbey
Persuasion
Walter Scott:
Waverley
Ivanhoe
Rob Roy
Features: vivifying the past, closely
pay attention to the fates of individuals, All
kinds
of
people
are
described,
both
romantic
imagination
and
realistic
investigation,
conservative in politics
Realistic movement (Victorian Period
1836)
Historical
Backgrounds: Critical realism,
Victorian literature, Chartist literature
Main features--the struggling of the
proletariat for its rights
--critical ideas occupied great place
--women writers stood on
the stage of literature
Charles Dickens:
Oliver
Twist
Dombey and son
David Copperfield
Bleak House
Hard Times
A tale of two
cities
Our Mutual Friends
William
Thackeray:
Vanity Fair
名利场
Charlotte
Bronte:
Jane Eyre
Emily Bronte:
Wuthering
Heights
George
Eliot
Middlemarch
Elizabeth
Cleghorn Gaskell:
Mary Barton
<
A Tale of Manchester Life>
End of 19
th
century
Naturalism---
George
Gissing:
New Grub Street
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