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英语简单句并列句复合句及练习

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2021-02-07 19:29
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2021年2月7日发(作者:unit)


英语简单句、并列句、复合句及练习



一、简单句



1


、概述



只有一个主语和一个谓语动词的句子称为简单句。



I am a student.


我是一个学生。



She likes English very much.


她非常喜欢英语。



He usually does morning exercises on the playground.< /p>


他常常在操场上做


早操。



2


、简单句的基本句型



英语简单句可分为五种基本句型,其它的句子可看成是这几种基本句型的扩


展 、组合、倒装、省略。这五个基本句式:主谓结构(


S + V



;主系表结构(


S


+ V + P



;主谓宾结构(


S + V + O



;主谓双宾结构(


S + V + IO + DO



;主


谓宾补结构(< /p>


S + V + O + C





说明:


S=


主语;


V=


谓语;


P=


表语;


O=


宾语;


IO=


间接宾语;


DO=


直接宾语;


C=


宾语补足语




1


)主谓结构(


S + V




在此句式中,

< br>V


是不及物动词,又叫自动词


(vi


)




He runs quickly


.他跑得快。



They listened carefully


.他们听得很仔细。



He suffered from cold and hunger


.他挨冻受饿。



China belongs to the third world country


.中国属于第三世界国家。



The gas has given out


.煤气用完了。



My ink has run out


.我的钢笔水用完了。



Plants grow well all the year round.


一年四季植物生长良好。




2


)主系表结构(


S + V + P




在此句式中,


V


是系动词


(link v



)



常见的系动词有:


look



seem



appear



sound

< br>,


feel



taste



smell



gr ow



get



fall ill/asleep



stand/sit s till



become


< p>
turn


等。



He is older than he looks


.他比看上去要老。



He seems interested in the book


他似乎对这本书感兴趣。



The story sounds interesting


.这个故事听起来有趣。



The desk feels hard


.书桌摸起来很硬。



The cake tastes nice


.饼尝起来很香。



The flowers smell sweet and nice


.花闻起来香甜。



You have grown taller than before


.你长得比以前高了。



He has suddenly fallen ill


.他突然病倒了。



He stood quite still


.他静静地站着。



He becomes a teacher when he grew up


.他长大后当了教师。



He could never turn traitor to his country


.他永远不会背叛他的祖国。



注意


:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成


SVO


句式。



He looked me up and down


.他上下打量我。



He reached his hand to feel the elephant


.他伸出手来摸象。



They are tasting the fish


.他们在品尝鱼。



They grow rice in their hometown


.他们在家乡种水稻。



He's got a chair to sit on


.他有椅子坐。



Please turn the sentence into English


.请把这个句于译成英语。


< br>(


3


)主谓宾结构(


S + V + O




在此句式中,

< p>
V


是及物动词


(vt


.< /p>


)


,因此有宾语。



I saw a film yesterday


.我昨天看了一部电影。




Have you read the story?


你读过这个故事吗


?


They found their home easily


.他们很容易地找到他们的家。



They built a house last year


.他们去年建了一所房子。



They've put up a factory in the village


.他们在村里建了一座工厂。



They have taken good care of the childr en



他们把这些孩子照看得很好。



You should look after your children well


.你应该好好照看你的孩子。




4


)主谓双宾结构(


S + V + IO + DO




在此句式中,


V


是带有双宾语的及物动词。


常见的须 带双宾语的动词有


give



ask< /p>



bring



offer



send



pay



lend



show



tell



buy



get


rob



warn


等。



①简接宾语可以紧接动词之后,也可以用


to


后置。



He gave me a book/a book to me


.他给了我一本书。



He brought me a pen/a pen to me


.他带给我一枝钢笔。



He offered me his seat/his seat to me


.他把座位让给我。




②简接宾语可以紧接动词之后,也可以用


for


后置



Mother bought me a book/a book for me.


妈妈给我买了一本书。



He got me a chair/a chair for me


.他给我弄了一把椅子。



Please do me a favor/a favor for me


.请帮我一下。



He asked me a question/a question of me


.他问我个问题。



③简接宾语不能紧接动词之后,要用介词后置



They robbed the old man of his money


.他们抢了老人的钱。



He's warned me of the danger.


他警告我注意危险。



The doctor has cured him of his disease


.医生治好了他的病。



We must rid the house of the rats


.我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。



They deprived him of his right to speak


.他们剥夺了他说话的权利。



5


)主谓宾补结构(


S + V + O + C




在此句式中,


V


是有宾语补足语的及物动词。


常带宾语补 足语的词有形容词、


副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。

< p>


常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,


哪些动词可 接哪几种形式作宾补,


须根


据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论 。请看下面的例子。



They made the girl angry


.他们使这个女孩生气了。



They found her happy that day


.他们发现那天她很高兴。



I found him out


.我发现他出去了。



I saw him in


.我见他在家。



They saw a foot mark in the sand


.他们在沙地上发现了一个脚印。



They named the boy Charlie


.他们给这个男孩起名为查理。



I saw him come in and go out


.我见他进来又出去。



They felt the car moving fast


.他们感到汽车行驶得很快。



I heard the glass broken just now


.我刚才听到玻璃碎了。



He found the door of study closed to him


.他 发现研究所的大门对他关闭


了。



3



There be


句型(详参


There be


结构一章)



There


be


结构是一个重要的基本句型,它由



“There


+


be


+


主语


+


壮语



构成。



There is a book on the desk.


桌子上有一本书。



There is a desk and two chairs in the room.


屋子里有一张桌子两把椅子。



二、并列句



1


、概述



由 两个或两个以上的简单句并列连接起来的句子称为并列句


(compound


sentence)


。并列句中的各个简单句彼此独立,互不依从,但它 们表达的意思之


间有一定的关系。



并 列句中的各个简单句通常用并列连词连接起来。并列连词之前可用逗号,


也可不用逗号( 但


however



therefor e



otherwise


等并列连词前 后都常有逗


号)


。常见的并列句结构是:简单句


+


并列连词


+


简单句。这种简 单句常被叫做分


句。



I help him


and


he helps me.

< br>我帮助他,他帮助我。


(并列连词是


and




This is our first lesson,


so


I don't know all your names.


这是我们的第一


堂课,因此我不知道 大家的名字。


(


并列连词


so


前有逗号)



She likes bread and milk,


but


she doesn't like eggs at all.


她喜欢面包和


牛奶,但 她一点也不喜欢鸡蛋。


(并列连词是


but



You can draw a good horse in five minutes,


yet


you kept me waiting for


a


ye ar.


你能在五分钟之内画好一匹马,然而你却让我等了一年。


(并列连词是


yet




Hurry up,


or


you'll be late.


快点,否则你就会迟到。


( 并列连词是


or




One was filled with kerosene, one with castor oil


and


one with vine gar.


一个(瓶子)装满煤油,一个(瓶子)装满蓖麻油,还有一个(瓶子)装满醋。


(此句由


3


个分句组成,并列连词是< /p>


and




2


、并列连词



并列连词(或连接副词)根据不同含义,分为如下几类:




1


)表示连接,常用的有


and



not only...but also< /p>



neither...nor


等。



Right now it's the summer vacation


and


I'm helping my dad on the farm.


眼下正是暑假期间,我帮助爸爸在农场里干活。



Not only


is he our teacher,


but also


he is our friend. < /p>


他不仅是我们的


老师,而且是我们的朋友。



Neither



did


the


naughty


boy


go


home


nor



did


his


parents


come


to


search for him.


这调皮的男孩既不回家,他的父母也不寻找他。




2


)表示转折,常用的有


but



yet


sill



however



while


等。



We grow rice in the south of the States,


but


in the north where it is


colder


they


grow


wheat.


在美国的南方 ,我们种植稻谷,而在较冷的北方,人


们种植小麦。



The worker hunted for jobs in New York for months,


yet


he couldn't


find any work.


这个工人在纽约找工作己有几个月之久,但是仍然没有找到。



Certainly he apologized,


however


, I won't forgive him.


他的确道歉了,


然而我不会原谅他。



Instead, he asked his father why he was not able to hatch chickens


while


hens could.


他反问他父亲,为什么他不能孵出小鸡,而母鸡却能。




3


)表示选择,常用的有

< br>or



or


else



otherwise



otherwise



either...or


等。



They must be taken away from the heat of the fire,


or


they might get


burnt.


他们必须从炉火边拿走,不然就有可能烤糊的。



Take this bus


or


else


you won't get there in time.


搭这辆公共汽车吧,否


则你将无法及时到达那里。< /p>



Work hard,


otherwise


you'll be sorry.


努力用功,否则你会后悔。



Either you are mad or I am.


不是你疯了,就是我疯了。




4


)表示原因,只有


for

< br>一个词。



They had often heard of elephants, but they had never seen one ,


for



being blind, how could they?


他们常常听说过大象,但从来没看到过,因为他


们是瞎子,怎么能看到呢?



< p>
5


)表示结果,常用的有


so


therefore




It's time of year for the rice harvest,


so


every day I work from dawn


until dark.


这是一年中收割稻谷的时期,因此,我每天都从早到晚的劳动。



He worked day and night,


therefore


, he was able to buy the sports car.


他日夜工作,所以有能力买那辆跑车。




6


)并列复合句



除以上简单的并列句之外,还有一种较复杂的并列句,叫做并列复合句


(com pound complex sentence)


,即其中的一个分句可包含一个以上从句。



I sucked a finger,


but the finger I put into my mouth was not the one


I had dipped into the cup.


我 吮吸了手指,但是我放进嘴里的指头不是我在


杯子里蘸了一下的那个指头。



这句话中的第二个分句即含有定语从句


I


put


into


my


mouth



I


had


dipped into the cup

< p>
。在语言的实际运用中,可能会有更加复杂的并列句,如并


列句可有更多的 分句,


分句里可能有一个以上的从句,


从句里可能又有从句。< /p>



读者只要掌握了各种句子的结构,不管句子多么复杂,自会迎刃 而解。



三、复合句



1


、概述



复合句


(complex sentence)


由一个主句


(main clause)< /p>


和一个或一个以上的从



(subord inate


clause)


构成。主句是全句的主体,通常可 以独立存在;从句则


只用作句子的一个成分,不能独立。



After


the


students


were


all


in


the


chemistry


lab


, the teacher brought out


three


bottles.


在学生 全都进入化学实验室后,老师拿出三个瓶子来。


(主句是


“th e teacher brought out three bottles”


,从句是


“After the students were


all in the chemistry lab”





Corn is a very useful plant


that


can


be


prepared


in


many


different


ways


.


玉米是一种非常有用的作物,


可用许多不同的方法制作成食物。


(主句是


“Corn is


a


very


useful


plant”


,从句是


“that


can


be


prepared


in


many


different


ways”





We also believe


that many more people will prefer to travel by ai


r.


我们还认为会有更多的人愿意乘飞机旅行。


(主句是


“We also believe”


但意义不

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