-
They say that pride comes
before a fall. In the case of both Napoleon and
Hit
ler, the many victories they enjoyed
led them to believe that anything was
poss
ible, that nothing could stand in
their way. Russia's icy defender was to
prove
them wrong.
人道是骄兵必败。
就拿拿破仑和希特勒两人来说吧，
他们所向披靡，
便以
为自己战无不
胜，不可阻挡。但俄罗斯的冰雪卫士证明他们错了。
The Icy
Defender
Nila B. Smith
1 In 1812, Napoleon
Bonaparte, Emperor of the French, led his Grand
Army in
to Russia. He was prepared for
the fierce resistance of the Russian people
defe
nding their homeland. He was
prepared for the long march across Russian soil
to
Moscow, the capital city. But he was
not prepared for the devastating enemy
th
at met him in Moscow -- the raw,
bitter, bleak Russian winter.
冰雪卫士
奈拉·B·史密斯
1812
年，法国皇帝拿破仑·波拿
巴率大军入侵俄罗斯。他准备好俄罗斯人民会为保卫
祖国而奋勇抵抗。
< br>他准备好在俄罗斯广袤的国土上要经过长途跋涉才能进军首都莫斯科。
但
他没有料到在莫斯科他会遭遇劲敌—俄罗斯阴冷凄苦的寒冬。
2 In 1941,
Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, launched an
attack against
the Soviet Union, as
Russia then was called. Hitler's military might
was unequ
aled. His war machine had
mowed down resistance in most of Europe. Hitler
expec
ted a short campaign but, like
Napoleon before him, was taught a painful
lesson.
The Russian winter again came
to the aid of the Soviet soldiers.
1941
年，纳粹德国元首阿道夫·希特勒进攻当时被称作苏联的俄罗斯。希特勒的军事
实力堪称
无敌。
他的战争机器扫除了欧洲绝大部分地区的抵抗。
希特勒希
望速战速决，
但是，
就像在他之前的拿破仑一样，
他得到的是痛苦的教训。
仍是俄罗斯的冬天助了苏维埃士兵一
臂之力。
Napoleon's Campaign
3 In the spring
of 1812, Napoleon assembled an army of six hundred
thousand
men on the borders of Russia.
The soldiers were well trained, efficient, and
w
ell equipped. This military force was
called the Grand Army. Napoleon,
confiden
t of a quick victory, predicted
the conquest of Russia in five weeks.
拿破仑发起的战役
1812
年春，拿破仑在俄国边境屯
兵
60
万。这些士兵受过良好训练，作战力强，装备精
良。这支军队被称为大军。拿破仑对马到成功充满自信，预言要在
5
个星期内攻下俄国。
4 Shortly afterwards,
Napoleon's army crossed the Neman River into
Russia.
The quick, decisive victory
that Napoleon expected never happened. To his
surpr
ise, the Russians refused to stand
and fight. Instead, they retreated
eastward,
burning their crops and homes
as they went. The Grand Army followed, but its
a
dvance march soon became bogged down
by slow-moving supply lines.
不久，
拿
破仑的大军渡过涅曼河进入俄国。
拿破仑期盼着的速决速胜迟迟没有发生。
令
他吃惊的是，俄国人并不奋起抵抗。相反，他们一路东撤，沿途焚毁庄稼和
民居。大军紧追
不舍，但它的长驱直入很快由于粮草运输缓慢而停顿下来。
5 In
August, the French and Russian armies engaged at
Smolensk, in a battle
that left over
ten thousand dead on each side. Yet, the Russians
were again ab
le to retreat farther into
Russian territory. Napoleon had won no decisive
vict
ory. He was now faced with a
crucial decision. Should he continue to pursue
the
Russian army? Or should he keep his
army in Smolensk for the approaching
winte
r?
到了
8
月，法俄两军在斯摩棱斯克交战，这一战役中，双方各有上万人阵亡。可是，俄
国人仍能在自己的国土上继续后撤。
拿破仑未能取得决定性的胜利。
< br>此刻他面临着一个重要
抉择。是继续追击俄国军队，还是把军队驻扎在斯摩棱斯克
，在那儿度过将到的冬天
?
6 Napoleon took the gamble
of pressing on to Moscow, 448 kilometers away.
O
n September 7, 1812, the French and
Russian armies met in fierce battle at
Boro
dino, 112 kilometers west of
Moscow. By nightfall, thirty thousand French and
f
orty-four thousand Russians lay dead
or wounded on the battlefield.
拿破仑孤注一掷，决定向远在
448
公里之外的莫斯科进发。
1812<
/p>
年
9
月
7
日，法俄两
军在莫斯科以西
112
公里外的鲍罗季诺激战。夜幕降临时，
3
万名法国
士兵以及万名俄国士
兵或伤或亡，倒在了战场上。
7 Again, the
Russian army retreated to safety. Napoleon had a
clear path to
Moscow, but the
occupation of the city became an empty victory.
The Russians f
led their capital. Soon
after the French arrived, a raging fire destroyed
two-t
hirds of the city. Napoleon
offered a truce to Alexander I, but the Russian
cza
r knew he could bide his time:
or us.
俄国军队再次撤往安全之处。
拿破仑
顺利进入莫斯科，
然而，
对该市的占领成为毫无意
义的胜利。俄国人弃城而走。法国人进城不久，一场熊熊大火烧毁了整个城市的三分之二。
拿破仑向亚历山大一世提出停战，
但沙皇深知他可以等待时机：
“且让俄罗斯的严冬为我们
战斗吧。”
8 Napoleon soon
realized he could not feed, clothe, and quarter
his army in
Moscow during the winter.
In October 1812, he ordered his Grand Army to
retrea
t from Moscow.
拿破仑很快意识到，
他无法在冬天向远在莫斯科的军队供应粮草、
提供御寒衣物和宿营
之地。
1812
年
10<
/p>
月，他命令大军撤出莫斯科。
9
The French retreat turned into a nightmare. From
fields and forests, the Russ
ians
launched hit-and-run attacks on the French. A
short distance from Moscow,
the
temperature had already dropped to minus 4 degrees
Celsius. On November 3,
the winter's
first snow came. Exhausted horses fell dead in
their tracks. Canno
n became stuck in
the snow. Equipment had to be burned for fuel.
Soldiers took
ill and froze to death.
The French soldiers dragged on, leaving the dead
along
every mile.
法军的撤离成为一场噩梦。
俄国人出没于田野与森林，
采用打了就跑的战术，
向法国人
发起攻击。刚出莫斯科城，气温就降到摄氏零下
4
度。
11
月
3
日降下初雪。困乏的马匹倒
地而死。大炮陷入雪中。
装备只得被用作燃料焚烧。士兵们染病冻死。
法国士兵拖着脚步行
进，一路上留下无数死尸。
10 As the Russian army was
gathering its strength, the French had to flee
R
ussia to avoid certain defeat. At the
Berezina River, the Russians nearly
trapp
ed the retreating French by
burning the bridges over the swollen river. But
Nap
oleon, by a stroke of luck, was able
to build two new bridges. Thousands of
Fre
nch soldiers escaped, but at the
cost of fifty thousand dead. Once across the
B
erezina, the tattered survivors limped
toward Vilna.
<
/p>
正当俄罗斯军队集聚兵力之时，
法国人却不得不逃离俄国，
以避免注定的失败。
在别列
兹那河，俄国人焚
烧了涨水的河道上的桥梁，
差点将后撤的法军困于河边。
侥幸的
是，
拿破
仑居然突击造起两座桥。
成千
上万法国士兵得以逃脱，
但却损失了
5
万人。
渡过别列兹拿河，
溃不成军的幸存者一瘸一拐地向维尔纽
行进。
11 Of the six hundred thousand soldiers
Napoleon had led into Russia, less
than
one hundred thousand came back. The weakened
French army continued its ret
reat
westward across Europe. Soon, Britain, Austria,
Russia, and Prussia formed
a powerful
alliance and attacked these stragglers. In March
1814, Paris was ca
ptured. Napoleon
abdicated and went into exile, his empire at an
end.
拿破仑发兵
60
万进入俄国，
只有不
到
10
万士兵返回。
元气大伤的法国军
队在欧洲继续
西撤。不久，英国、奥地利、俄国以及普鲁士组成强大的联盟，攻击这些散
兵游勇。
1814
年
3
月，巴黎被攻占。拿破仑退位去过流放生活，他缔造的帝国随之灭亡。
Hitler's
Invasion
12 By early 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader
of Nazi Germany, had seized control
of
most of Europe. To the east of Hitler's German
empire was the Soviet Union.
On June
22, 1941, without a declaration of war, Hitler
began an invasion of the