-
情态动词
+have
done
用法
1.
Something may have happened to her.
她可能发生了什么事情。
She might have had an accident.
她或许遭受了意外
.
So she must have taken that
too.
因此,她肯定把它也带走了。
1)
这三句话都用了“情态动词+不定式的完成时”
,表示对发生过的事作某种猜测、推测。
(1)
must
have
done
可用来对某件过去的事情作肯定推测,表示“一定已
经,想必已经”做
过某事,用于肯定的陈述句中。否定句中用
can't have done
。
She must have received the
parcel, I sent it by registered post.
她一定已经收到包裹了,我是用挂号寄的。
(2)
may have
done, might have done, could have done
“可能做过某事”
,
就语气而言
could have
done
所表的可能性更小些。
He may / might / could have left by
nine.
他可能于九点前已离去。
(3)
should have done / ought
to have done
表示“本该做某事”但实际未做。
I should / ought to have left London
before nine but I didn't.
我本该在九点以前离开伦敦,但是我没有。
(4)
shouldn't
have done / oughtn't to have done
表示“本不
该做事”
,但实际上又做了。
He shouldn't / oughtn't to have left
London before nine but he did.
他本不该在九点前离开伦敦,但是他离开了。
(5)
can't /
couldn't have done
表否定推测,
“不可
能做过某事”
。
She can't / couldn't have gone to bed,
for the light in her room is still on.
她不可能上床睡觉了,因为她房间的灯还亮着。
(6)
could have
done
可表示客观上“本来能做某事但实际上没做”
。
p>
He could have
finished the work in time but he didn't work hard.
他本来可以按时干完活的,但他没有卖力。
(7)
needn't have
done
表示客观上“本不必做某事但实际上又做了”
。
p>
I needn't have
gone to the office yesterday (but I went there).
昨天我没必要去办公室(但我却去了)
。
(8)
might
have
done <
/p>
还可表示过去“本可能发生但实际上没有发生的动作”
。用于表示
说话
人对已发生的事提出批评或意见。
He might have given more
help, even though he was very busy.
即使他很忙,也可以多帮点忙。
情态动词
+
动词完成式即“
情态动词
+
动词完成式即“情态动词
+
have + done
”
,表示
对过
去行为或动作进行推测、评论或判断。这个结构是近几年高考情态动词的重点和难点。
一、在虚拟语气中的用法
1. should have done
表示
“过去本应该做某事却未做。
”
< br>其否定结构
shouldn't have done
表示
“过去本不该做某事却做了。
”
2. ought to have done
表示
“过去本应该做某事却未做。
”
其否定结构
oughtn't to have
done
表
示“过去本不该做某事却做了。
< br>”
3. need
have done
表示“过去本有必要做某事却未做。
”其
否定结构
needn't have done
表示
“过去本没必要做某事却做了。
”
4. could
(
不能用
can) have
done
表示
“过去本能够做某事却未做。
< br>”
注意:
其否定形式
couldn't
have done
没有虚拟语气的用法,
couldn't have done
只能表推测,相当于
can't
have done
,
意为:
“过去不
可能做了某事。
”
5.
might
(
不能用
may)
have
done
表示“过去本可以做某事却未做。
”
注意:其否定形式
might
not have done
没有虚拟语气的用法,
might not have
done
只能表推测,
相当于
may not
have done
,意为:
“过去可能没有做某事。
”
二、表推测的用法
1. must have done
表示对过去某事的肯定猜测,译为:过去肯定做了某事。不存在
mustn't have done
的形式。
其否定或疑问形式须用
can(could)
来表示
.
例如:
Since the
road is wet, it must have rained
last
night.
既然路是湿的,那昨天晚上肯定下雨了。
He can't have missed the
way. I drew him a map.
他不可能迷路。我(当时)给他画了张图。
“
The dictionary
has disappeared. Who could have taken it?
”词典不见了,
(过去)谁可能把它
拿走了?
2. may / might have
done
may / might have done
表示“过去可能做了某事”
。
may
比
might
表示的可能性在说话人看
来稍大些。
may/might
not have done
表示
“过去可能没有做某事。
p>
”
例如:
I
can't find my keys.
I may / might have
left them at the school yesterday.
我找不到
我的钥匙了。我可能昨天把他们
落在学校了。
John
may/might not have passed the exam; he looks very
sad.
约翰可能没有通过考
试。他看起来很忧伤。注意:
p>
may/might have
done
表推测不能用于疑问句中。
3. can/could have done
表推测一般用在否定句和疑问句中,表示不相信或怀疑的态度。
Can/Could he have passed
the exam?
他可能通过了考试吗?
I think that he
couldn
’
t/can't have gone
abroad. I saw him just now.
我认为他不可能出国了。我
刚才还看见他了。
注:
表示推测过去某动作发生的可能性时,
就表示的可
能性程度而言,
must
最大,
could
其
次,
may
更次之,
might
最小。例如:
“
I wonder
how Tom knew about your
past.
”
“我想知
道汤姆是怎么知道你的过去的。
”
“
He must / could / may / might have heard of it
from Mary.
”
“他肯定
/
很可能
/<
/p>
可能
/
兴许(没准儿)已从玛丽那儿听说
此事了。
”
高考“情态动词+
have
done
”考点解析
安徽省萧县中学
梁静渊
“情态动词+
have done
”<
/p>
结构是高考重要考点,
也是较难掌握的语法项目之
一,
为了帮助同学们更好地掌握使用这一考点,
下面结
合近年高考试题谈谈其主
要用法。
考
点之一:
在虚拟条件句中,
如果表示与过去事实相反的情况,<
/p>
从句中用过
去完成时,而主句中则用“情态动词+现在完成时”,
即:
would/ could/ should/
might have
done
。例如:
If they
had finished the work on time, they would have
been praised by the
manager.
If you had worked hard, you could have
passed the examination.
高考题分析:
1. If it
___ for the snow, we ___ the mountain yesterday. (
MET91)
A. were not; could have climbed
B. were not;
could
C. had not been; could have climbed
D.
had not been; could climb
2.
--- I stayed at a hotel while in New York. --- Oh,
did you?
You ___ with
Barbara.
(NMET98)
A.
could have stay
B. could stay
C. would stay
D.
must have stay
3. Yesterday
Jane walked away for discussion, otherwise, she
___ something she
would regret later.(
96
上海
)
A. had said
B.
said
C. might say
D. might have
said
答案简析:
1.
根据信息词
yesterday
可以判断该句是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件
句,从句中应该
用“情态动词+现在完成时”,故答案选
C
。
< br>
2.
本句是一个含蓄虚拟条件句,意思是:
If you
hadn’t stay at a hotel while in
New
York, you could have stayed with Barbara.
< br>表达了与过去事实相反的情况,
答
案选
< br>A
。
3.
< br>本句考查的也是含蓄虚拟语气,
意思是:
如果她参加了讨
论,
她可能会说
出一些后来令她后悔的话。表达了与过去事实相
反的情况,故答案选
D
。
考点之二:
must have done
表示对过去已经发生过的情况的肯定推测判断,
语气较强,意思是“一定??、肯定
??”。其否定形式分别用
can’t/
couldn’t
和
can/
could
。例如:
It must
have rained last night, for the ground is wet this
morning.
昨天晚上一定是下雨了,因为今晨地面是潮湿的。
She didn’t attend the lesson yesterday.
She must have been ill.
她昨天没有上课,她一定是生病了。
巩固练习:
He ____
have completed his work, otherwise, he wouldn’t be
enjoying himself
by the seaside.
(
05北京
26题
)
A. should
B. must
C. wouldn’t
D. can’t
This
cake is very sweet. You ___ a lot of sugar in it.
(05
辽宁
26
题
)
A
. Should put
B. could have
put
C. might put
D. must have put
--- Tom is never late for work. Why is
he absent today?
---
Something ___ to him. ( 05
江西
22
题
A. must happen
B. should have happened
C. could have
happened
D. must have
happened
I was on the
highway when this car went past followed by a
police car. They ___
at least 150
kilometers an hour. ( 05
重庆
33
题
)
A. should have been doing
B. must have
been doing
C. could have
done
D. would have
done
I ____ have been more
than six years old when the accident happened.(
05
天津
14
题
)
A. shouldn’t
B. couldn’t
C.
mustn’t
D. needn’t