情态动词+have-done-结构

名词，

need understanding=need

to be understood,

需要被理解

)

2

．

He needs to see a doctor.(need to do)

3

．

Do you still need volunteers to help clean up after the

party?(need

somebody to do something)

4

．

They didn't need to start so early.(do not need to do)

1

．—

Dare you tell her the truth?

—

Yes, I dare. /No, I daren

’

t.

1

．

How dare you accuse me of lying!

2

．

He daren

’

t admit this.

1

．

Only a few journalists dared to cover the story.

2

．

He doesn

’

t dare (to) go there alone.

3

．

Don

’

t you dare (to) touch it?

用于表示“需要，必要”之意。做情态动词时，

1

．

—

Need we leave soon?

should

表示自己的主观看法，

而

ought to

的语气中，

含有

“按道理应该…… ”

之意，

强调义务或责任，

shoul d

主要指适宜或不适宜做。

You should help them with their work.

You are his father. You ought to get him to receive good education.

（义务）

一、

“

mu st+have+done

”表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，该结 构只用于肯定句。

1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.

昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。

2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant.

你和仆人说话，一定是发疯了。

二、

“can't+have+do ne”表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成“不可能做过某事”。

1. Mr. Smith can't have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now.

史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆见过他。

2. Mary can't have stolen your money. She has gone home.

玛丽不可能偷你的钱，她回家去了。

.

三、

“can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过 ……吗？”。

1. There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out?

屋里没有灯，他们可能出去了吗？

2. There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone?

到处找不到他们，他们可能到什么地方去呢？

四、

“could+have+do ne”是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。疑问句否

定句中与

can have done

用法相同。

He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless.

本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。

五、

“may+have+done ”表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”，用于肯定句中。

—

What has happened to George?

—

I don't know. He may have got lost.

—乔治发生了什么事？

—我不知道，他可能迷路了。

六、

“might+have+do ne”表示对过去事情的推测，

might

与

< br>may

意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气

结构中 。

1. He might have given you more help, even though he was busy. (MET90)

他或许会多给你一些帮助，即使他很忙。

2. She might have achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances.

如果你多给她点机会，她可能已经取得更大的成绩。

七、

“would+have+do ne”虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”。

1. I would have told you all about the boy's story, but you didn't ask me.

我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事，但是你没有问我。

2. Without your help, I wouldn't have achieved so much.

没有你的帮助，我是不会取得如此大的成绩。

八、

“should+have+done”意思是“本来应该做某事，而实际没做。” “ shouldn't+have+done”表示本来

不应该做某事，而实际做了。含有 指责对方或自责的含意。

1. Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday.

汤姆，你太懒惰了，这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。

2. Look, Tom is crying. I shouldn't have been so harsh on him.

看，汤姆哭了，我本来不应该对他如此严厉。

九、

“ought to+have +done”表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，译成“理应做……”，往往表示遗憾。与

“should+have+done”用法基本一样。

I ought to have gone home last Sunday.

我理应上星期日回家。

You ought not to have given him more help.

你不应该帮助他那么多。

十、

“need+have+don e”表示本来需要做某事而没有做。

“needn't+have+done”则表示“ 本来不需要做某事

而做了”。

1.I needn't have bought so much wine

—

only five people came.

我本来没有必要买这么多酒，只来了五个人。

need have hurried to the station. In that case, be wouldn't have missed the train.

他本来需要快点去车站，那样的话，他就不会误了火车。

“情态动词＋have done”表示对过去情况的推测或估计，是历年高考的热点。

1

．

should (ought to) have

＋过去分词

表示

过去应该做而（实际）没有做的事情

,

含有责备或遗憾的语气，意为“本应该……”；其否定形式为

“ should not／

ought not to have

＋

过去分词”，表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。

Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting , but he didn’t’ show up.

（04’广西卷）

A. should have arrived B. should arrive

C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving

[

解析

本题中的一个关键词

but

暗示了“Mr. White

按道理理应到了，而他没有到”。故答案选