-
岳麓山风景名胜区概述
岳麓山风景名胜区面积
35.20
平方公里，
包括麓山景区、
天马山景区、
橘子洲景区、
桃花岭
景区、石佳岭景区、寨子岭景区、后湖景区、咸嘉湖景区等八大景区。规划在风景名胜区范<
/p>
围以外的外围保护区面积
22.68
平方
公里。
目前，
已经建成的有麓山景区和橘子洲景区，
天
马山景区景观建设已基本完成。
橘子洲景区和麓
山景区分别于
2001
年和
2002<
/p>
年被正式评为
国家
AAAA
风景名胜区。
2012
年
1
月，岳麓山风景名胜区成功晋级国家
AAAAA
旅游景区。
岳麓山
风景名胜区位于国家首批历史文化名城长沙湘江之滨，
依江面市，
现有麓山景区、
橘子洲景区、
岳麓书院、
新民学会四个核心景区、
景点，
为世界罕见的集“山、
水、
洲、
城”
于一
体的国家
AAAAA
级旅游景区、
全国
重点风景名胜区、
湖湘文化传播基地和爱国主义教育
的示范基地
。
岳麓山因南北朝刘宋时《
南岳记》“南岳周围八百里，回雁为首，岳麓为足”而得名。
景区内现有植物
174
科
559
属
977
种，
并有大量珍贵的濒危树种和年代久
远的古树名木。
岳
麓山四季风景宜人、
秀美多姿，
而“万山红遍、
层林尽染”的独特红枫秋景，
更是古今闻名。
位于湘江中心的橘子洲，介于名山城市间，浮袅袅凌波
上，四面环水，绵延数十里，站在洲
头极目楚天，令人心旷神怡。春天，明光潋滟，沙鸥
点点；秋至，橙黄橘绿，清香一片；深
冬，
凌寒剪冰，
江风戏雪，
橘子洲是宋代潇湘八景之一“江天暮雪”的所在地，
被誉为“中
国第一洲”。
岳麓山风景名胜区不仅拥有“山、
水、
洲、
城”的独特自然景观，
更
因其深厚的历史文
化底蕴而蜚声中外。始建于北宋的岳麓书院至今已有一千余年历史，有
“千年学府”之称；
有“汉魏最初名胜，湖湘第一道场”之称的古麓山寺，距今已有
1700
余年的历史；景区内
黄兴、蔡锷等
名人墓葬林立，文物古迹众多；以“心忧天下、敢为人先、百折不挠、兼收并
蓄”为精髓
的湖湘文化，以毛泽东、蔡和森等伟人足迹为代表的名人文化；融儒、佛、道于
一体的宗
教文化在这里激荡弘扬，交相辉映，影响深远。
“惟楚有才，于斯为盛”。曾几何时，朱熹与张轼开创了岳麓书院会讲之先河；魏源、
陶澍、曾国藩、左宗棠、胡林翼、郭嵩焘等近代名人受训于岳麓山下，从这里意气风发地走
向文明开化的前沿，
担起救国图强的重任；
太平天国起义军与湘军鏖战湘江，
战鼓之声响彻
历史的天空；<
/p>
毛泽东、
蔡和森等革命历史伟人在此“指点江山、
激扬文字”，
演绎了历史的
壮丽篇章。
近年来，
岳麓山风
景名胜区以长沙市委、
市政府建设“资源节约和环境友好型社会”为
契机，
不断推进景区综合整治和提质改造，
狠抓规范化管理
和文明创建，
着力打造“一流的
规划、一流的景区、一流的管理
、一流的服务”的优质景区，景区面貌焕然一新，整体形象
和品位有了质的飞跃。景区已
成为长沙城市对外开放的“窗口”和精品名片。
登高远眺，岳
麓山风景名胜区如一巨大的盆景，“山、水、洲、城”空间布局优良，
湘江作带，岳麓为
屏，橘子洲静卧江心，漫江碧透，百舸争流，一派山光水色，清明灵秀，
可谓天工造物，
人间奇景！她正如星城长沙一颗璀璨的明珠，焕发出华光异彩和勃勃生机，
向五湖四海宾
朋尽展其无穷魅力！
Covering an area of 35.20
km2
，
Mt. Yuelu Scenic Spot
consists of Mt. Lu, Mt. Tianma, Juzizhou,
Taohualing, Shijialing, Zhaiziling,
Houhu and Xianjiahu Scenic Spot. The protection
area in the
perimeter of Mt. Yuelu
Scenic Spot is planned at 22.68 m2. At present,
the construction of Mt. Lu
and
Juzhizhou scenic spot has finished while that of
the Mt. Tianma is ongoing. Juzhizhou and
Mt. Lu scenic spots were separately
rated as national AAAA scenic area in 2001 and
2002.
Located on the Xiang River in Changsha
among the first batch of national historic cities,
Mt.
Yuelu Scenic Spot is close to the
river and faces the city. Now, Mt. Yuelu Scenic
Spot has four
core scenic spots,
including Mt. Lu Scenic Spot, Juzizhou Scenic
Spot, Yuelu Academy, Xinmin
Institute.
Integrating ?water, mountain, islet, city?, Mt.
Yuelu Scenic Spot is the national AAAA
scenic area, the national key scenic,
Hunan culture spreading base and patriotic
education base.
Mt.
Yuelu Scenic Spot not only possesses the
uni
que natural landscape of ?water,
mountain,
islet, city?, but also is
well known for its profound historic and cultural
background. Dating from
Northern Song
Dynasty, Mt. Yuelu Scenic Spot has a history of
more than a thousand years and
thus is
called the one-thousand-year academy. Up to now,
Ancient Mt. Lu temple has a
over-1700-year history. In the Mt.
Yuelu Scenic Spot, there are the Mausoleums of
Huangxing,
Cai'e and other celebrities
and a great many culture relics. With the Huxiang
culture, notable
culture and religion
culture gathering here, Mt. Yuelu Scenic Spot has
a profound and ever-lasting
influence.
In recent
years, at the chance of building
“energy
-saving and
environment-
friendly society ”
advocated by Changsha municipal
committee and government, Mt. Yuelu Scenic Spot
promotes
the comprehensive improvement
and the quality reform, strengthens standardized
management
and civilization and trys to
set up a high-quality scenic spot with excellent
plan, top-class scenic
area,
standardized management and wonderful service. The
scenic spot takes on a new aspect. It
has become the window and the excellent
business card of Changsha to the outside world.
麓山景区
岳麓山是南岳
72
峰之尾峰，海拔
30
0.8
米。麓山景区是岳麓山风景名胜区核心景区之一，
面积<
/p>
5.28
平方公里，位于湘江西岸
,
是十分难得的城市山岳型风景名胜区。
岳麓山是一个巨大的“植物博物馆”。景区共有植物种类
174
科，
977
种，以典型的亚热带
常绿阔
叶林和亚热带暖性针叶林为主，
部分地区还保存着大片的原生性常绿阔叶次生林。
古
树名木，随处可见，晋朝罗汉松、唐代银杏、宋元香樟、明清枫栗，
生机勃勃。
岳麓山人杰地灵，风景名胜比比皆是，仅列为省级
以上重点保护文物就有
15
处。爱晚亭之
幽，
岳麓书院之深，
麓山寺之古，
云
麓宫之清，
以及白鹤泉、
禹王碑、
二南
诗刻、
隋舍利塔、
印心石屋等等无不引人入胜。还有黄兴、蔡锷
、蒋翊武、陈天华等烈士、名人墓葬，在苍松
翠柏之中更显庄严肃穆。
< br>
岳麓山融中国古文化精华的儒、佛、道为一体，包容了历史上思想巨子、高僧老
道、骚人墨
客共同开拓的岳麓山文化内涵。
山下，
是被列入中国古代四大书院之首的岳麓书院。
岳麓书
院
1000
多年来一直都没有停止过教学，培养了一大批经世致
用的栋梁之才，如魏源、曾国
藩、左宗棠、蔡锷、陈天华、杨昌济、徐特立等。山腰有被
誉为“汉魏最初名胜，湖湘第一
道场”的古麓山寺。古麓山寺距今已有
< br>1700
多年的历史，是湖南省佛教的发源地和中心。
位
于山顶的云麓道宫，
是道教的
72
福地
的第
23
洞真虚福地，
据今也有
500
多年的历史。
儒、
佛、
道并存使岳麓山独具魅力，
三教相互交融，
共同谱写了一部岳麓山文化发展史的壮丽诗
篇。
江泽民、朱镕基、胡锦涛、温家宝、贾庆林、曽庆红、吴官正、李长春、罗干、吴仪等党
和
国家领导人多次视察岳麓山风景名胜区，对麓山景区的发展给予了极大的关怀和鼓舞。
麓山景区管理处建制于
1951
年，现为副县级事业单位。景区人员核定编制为
480
人，现有
副科级以上管理人员
44
< br>人，其中正县级干部
1
人，副县级
2
人。景区机构按事业管理机构
和产业管理经营机构两大块进
行设置。事业管理机构设办公室、监察室、政工科、保卫科、
文物管理科、事业发展部、
财务中心、工会；产业管理机构设园林经营服务公司、行政后勤
服务公司、索道经营服务
公司、旅游经营服务公司和观光车经营服务公司。
经过近
60
年的苦心经营，
麓山景区发展提速，<
/p>
特别是经过
2006
年提质保护后，
景区景观景
点、景观环境和管理水平得到大幅提升。
2009
年
6
月
1
日，景区向市民免费开放，年接待
游客达到
300
多万人次。
Overview of Mt. Lu Scenic Spot
Mt.Y
uelu is the
last peak of 72 peaks of South Y
ue,
with elevation at 300.8 meters. Located on the
west coast of Xiangjiang River, Mt. Lu
Scenic Spot with an area of 5.28m2 is one of the
core
scenic spots of Mt.
Y
uelu Scenic Spot, which is a very rare
urban mountain scenic area.
Mt.Y
uelu is a huge
?Botanical Museum?, in which there are 174
families, 977 species botanies,
and the
typical subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest
and Warm sub-tropical forest of needle
leaves are the main forests ,and part
of which still conserves original evergreen broad-
leaved
forest.
Mt.Y
uelu is a propitious place with
scenic spots around. There are 15 cultural
heritage units over
the provincial
level here. The quiet Aiwan Pavilion, profound
Y
uelu Academy, the old house of
Y
uelu temple and others are
attractive. Besides, the Mausoleums of Huangxing,
Cai?e and other
celebrities look more
solemn and serene among luxuriant cypresses and
pines.
Mt.Y
uelu
integrates Buddhism , Taoism , Confucianism of
Chinese ancient culture essences and
Mt. Y
uelu?s culture
connotation were created by thinking giant, great
monks, and famous writers.
At the foot
of Mt.Y
uelu stands Y
uelu
Academy, which is listed as the first of china?s
four ancient
academies.
Y
uelu Academy has never stopped
teaching for more than 1000years, fostering a
larger
number of the backbones of our
nation. At the mountainside stands the Ancient Mt.
Lu temple
with a history of more than
1700years, which is the source and center of
Buddhism of Hunan
province. At the top
of the mountain is Y
ulu Tao palace,
which is the 23rd paradise among 72
paradises of Taoism. Till now it has a
history of more than 500 years. Buddhism, Taoism,
Confucianism coexist and integrate with
each other, composing the epic of culture
development of
Mt.Y
uelu.
Party and state leaders
such as Jiang Zemin, Hu Jingtao, Wen Jiabao, Jia
Qinglin, Zeng
Qinghong, Wu Guanzheng,
Li Changchun, Luo Gan, Wu Yi and others visited
Mt. Y
uelu scenic
spot many
times and gave great care and encouragement to the
development of scenic spot.
Now, Mt.
Lu scenic spot administration established in 1951
is a public unit at the vice-county
level. The approved personals in the
scenic spot are 480, among which there are 44
administers at
vice-section level, 1 at
county level, 2 at vice-county level. For the
administration part, the scenic
spot
has two agencies, the Regulatory Agency and
Industry Management Agency.
With the 60-year painstaking efforts,
scenic spot develops quickly, especially after
quality-improvement conservation in
2006, the scenic spots, the landscape environment
and the
management level in the area
improve a lot. The scenic spot was open to the
public for free on
June 1st, 2009 and
are visited by over 3 million people
annually.
爱晚亭。
爱晚亭
始建于清乾隆五十七年（
1792
年），由岳麓书院院长罗典创
建。与安徽滁
县的醉翁亭（
1046
）
、杭州西湖的湖心亭（
1552
）、北京陶然亭公园的陶然亭（
1695
）并称
中国四大名亭。爱晚亭
原名红叶亭，又名爱枫亭。后来由湖广总督毕沅，根据杜枚“远上寒
山石径斜，白云深处
有人家。停车坐爱枫林晚，霜叶红于二月花”的诗句，更名为爱晚亭。
爱晚亭几经沧桑，
清同治、光绪、宣统年间均相继进行过修复。其中宣统三年秋，湖南学监
程颂万先生主持
修复时，把罗典所撰写的对联刻在亭柱上，“山径晚红舒五百夭桃新种得，
峡云深翠滴一
双驯鹤待笼来”
。
这次修复爱晚亭之事还刻在石碑上记载下来。
世人称为
《放
鹤》
石刻或
《二南诗刻》
，
两首诗为宋
代张南轩和清代钱南园两位大文人游岳麓山的七韵诗。
石刻后移至清枫桥南端的六角茅亭
中。解放前，亭破败不堪，四周荒芜。解放后，党和政府
曾五次修复。其中
1952
年湖南大学重修，校长李达专函请毛主席题写了“爱晚亭”亭额。<
/p>
1969
年，岳麓山公园重修，刻毛主席草书手迹《沁园春·长沙
》于藻井内，更为古亭增添
了光彩。
在国际交往中，
爱晚亭的知名度也与日俱增。
长沙市与日本鹿儿岛市结为友好城市
后，
爱晚亭作为古城长沙的象征，
按其规制仿建
于鹿儿岛市，
以纪念中日两国人民友谊长存。
爱晚亭四季景色宜
人，
春来桃红柳绿，
曲涧鸣泉；
盛夏绿
荫蔽日，
凉风习习；
寒秋红枫似火，
晚
霞增辉；隆冬绿树银妆，妩媚多姿。
Ai wan
Pavilion
Dating from the 57th year
during the reign of Emperor Qianlong of Qing
dynasty (1972), Aiwan
Pavilion was
founded by the dean of Y
uelu Academy
and was listed one of China's four famous
Pavilions. Its original name is Hongye
Pavilion, another name Aifeng Pavilion. Later on,
it is
called Aiwan Pavilion. Aiwan
Pavilion experienced many changes. It was repaired
in succession
during Tongzhi, Guangxu,
Xuantong period in Qing dynasty. After liberation,
party and the
government had made five-
time reparations. In 1952, when Hunan University
was rebuilt, Li Da,
the president of
Hunan University specially wrote a letter to
Chairman Mao asking him to write
inscribed tablet “Aiwan
Pavilion”
. In 1969, when Park was
restored
,
Chairman Mao?s
Cursive script Qin Yuan Chun Changsha
was engraved in
C
aisson, which added an
extra luster to
the ancient Pavilion.
Aiwan Pavilion becomes more and more popular
through international
exchanges. When
Changsha was twinned with Luer diao in Japan, as
the symbol of ancient
Changsha, Aiwan
Pavilion was replicated in Luer diao according to
the regulation in honor of the
long-
term friendship between China and
Japan.
麓山寺。
古麓山寺建于
西晋泰始四年（公元
268
年），山门上“古麓山寺”四字是唐
代书
法家、文学家李邕所写，从麓山寺碑中拓印出来的。麓山寺碑号称“三绝碑”，以其
文章、
书法以及刻工三者俱佳而得名，
也是岳麓山中现存最古老
的一块碑。
山门上的对联：
汉魏最
初名
胜，
湖湘第一道场，
实实在在的说出了麓山寺的历史地位。
古麓山寺饱经历史沧桑，
虽
然藏在山林深处
，却也未能摆脱红尘俗世征战之苦，屡次被毁，兵毁僧建，屡毁屡建。到了
近代又被日本
飞机轰炸，
大雄宝殿、
弥勒殿、
斋堂只
剩残垣断柱，
只有山门及观音阁奇迹般
保存下来，
现在的大雄宝殿及弥勒殿是在八十年代由湖南省佛教协会及岳麓山风景名胜区管
理处按原貌重修的。古麓山寺依山势而建，殿宇不多，却有一番巍峨壮观之相。弥勒殿、大
雄宝殿、
观音阁依次排出，
两厢为斋堂，
< br>再加上寺中匠心独具的绿化设计，
与寺外古木参天
的宜人
景色交相辉映，
更是引人入胜。
麓山寺前两株苍劲的罗汉松护卫
在观音阁前，
一左一
右，一大一小，就像武士把关，所以，它被
人们称作“松关”，到现在已有
1700
多年的树
龄了，人们称它为“六朝松”。
Lushan
T
emple
The Ancient temple
was built in Taishi four years of western Jin
Dynasty
. The Ancient
temple
stele is called “Sanjue Stele”, which is famous
for its articles, calligraphy and carve
and is also the most ancient stele
existing in the Mt.Y
uelu. The Ancient
temple suffered a
lot and witnessed the
past brilliance. Although hiding in mountains, it
still suffered battles. It was
destroyed many times and restored again
by monks. In recent history, it was bombed by
Japanese
airplanes, Grand Hall,
Maitreya Hall and abstinence hall turned to
relics. Only the Temple Gate
and
Guanyinge surprisingly survived. The present Grand
Hall and Maitreya Hall was rebuilt
according to the original appearance by
Buddhist Association of Hunan province and
Mt.Y
uelu
Scenic Spot
Management Agency. Built according to the
mountains with few palaces, the Ancient
temple looks most majestic and
impressive.
云麓宫。
云
麓宫始建于明成化十四年（公元
1478
年），在这之前据传说
有黄冠羽士慕此
名山胜地作静修之所，
但无文献可考。
到明朝吉简王就藩长沙时始建有此宫，
明嘉靖年间长
沙太守孙复与道士李可经主持加修，
道宫格局更趋完善，
周
围遍植松柏、
桐，
使峰顶景色更
美。而
隆庆年间即
1572
年左右，直棣新安方士金守分、王守德来到
这里主持道事，殿元张
阳和拜访他们，金道长请张殿元再修道宫。一时道士们“振铎乞化
于道”，化缘到材料，请
来工人在原来的基址上修了三进殿堂，
前为关帝殿，
中为玄武祖师殿，
后为三清殿，
< br>两厢为
道众丹房，殿宇为石柱铁瓦。在宫旁还建有望湘亭，可在中秋赏月，九九重
阳节登临远眺。
可惜这么一个神仙所在的场所在明末毁于战火。
直到清朝同治年间武当山太和宫道士向教辉
来云麓宫主教事，
召
集道友募化捐资，
按昔日规模重新修葺道宫，
但始终无法恢复当
年盛况，
现在的云麓宫是文革后重建的。
到了近代，
抗日战争时期又遭日本飞机轰炸，
只有三清殿幸
免
于难。
Y
unlu Palace
Y
unlu Palace dates from
Chenghua 14th year in Ming Dynasty (1478), before
that, it was said that
Taoist
considered here as a solitary retreat but without
any evidence
. When JiJian lord of Ming
Dynasty took office in Changsha, Yunlu
Palace was set up. During Longqing period, that is
1572,
Taoist priests Jin
Shoufen, Wang Shoude came to Y
unlu
Palace. They hosted Taoism activities and
built Taoism palace. However
unfortunately, it was destroyed in the end of Ming
Dynasty. Till the
reign of Tongzhi in
Qing Dynasty, the Taoist Xiang Jiaohui from came
to host Taoism
activities in
Y
unlu Palace. He raised money from his
fellows and rebuilt the Taoism palace
according to former scale but it was
difficult to return to the former glory. The
present Y
unlu
Palace was
rebuilt after the Culture Revolution. In recent
history
, it was bombed by Japanese
airplane and only Sanqing Palace
survived.
舍利塔。
舍利，
是梵文
SARIRA
的音译，意思是“身骨”，指死者火化后存
留的骨质结晶。
相传释迦牟尼圆寂后进行火化，
有八国国王分取
他火化后所得的
“舍利”
建塔供奉。
根
据佛
书《释氏要览》中记载：
“释迦（牟尼）既卒，弟子阿难等
焚其身，有骨子如五彩珠，光莹
坚固，名曰舍利子，因造塔藏之。”其实人体骨骼内含有
多种金属元素，经高温火化，这些
金属元素与骨胶粘合成一些结晶元粒。
原来所建的舍利塔早已坍塌了，
民国初年有信佛教的
子
弟寻塔原址再建石塔。
建国初对舍利塔进行了修整，
全部以花岗
岩琢砌而成，
外表很像僧
帽，塔分三层：底部是塔基，作须弥座
式；中间四角作蕉叶状，浮雕力士像五尊，含有守护
宝塔的意思；
上层顶端形状就像是僧帽宝顶。
塔西方塑有石碑一通，
正面隶
书阴刻
“隋舍利
塔”，字迹俊秀。碑阴有“共建菩提”石刻，就
是佛语“觉悟”的意思。
Dagoba
Sheli is a transliteration
of SARIRA
in Sanskrit. It means “body”
that predicts the bone substance
left
aft
er cremation. It is said that after
Sakyamuni?s death, eight Kings from eight
countries
shared the relics and built
Dagoba for consecration. The original Dagoba had
fell down. In the
early days of
Republic of China, Monks were ready to build
pagoda on the original location.
Ultimately the Dagoba was renovated
totally in granite in the early days at the
foundation of new
China,. It consists
of three floors, with appearance like a mitral.
A
stone tablet was built in the
west side of the tower, with delicate
w
ords “Sui She Li Ta” engraved in the
front. In the back of
the tablet was
engraved “Gong Jian Pu Ti”, meaning “awakening” in
the Buddhist language.
响鼓岭。<
/p>
响鼓岭雅名叫步虚岭。据《新修岳麓书院》解释，是因为“履之（脚蹬地）空洞
有声”。响鼓岭地势高亢，怪岩林立，风光独秀，历代为佛、道两家所重视。佛教曾在此建
法华塔，后来被毁。现建有石亭，供游人歇憩，亭子由麻石建造，六条斜边使得亭子方正敞
亮。亭旁的巨石上刻有今人周翰陶书“响鼓岭”三字，另一巨石上刻有“观枫台”三个字。
亭的北侧有
1941
年
7
月
7
日竖立的
< br>“长沙会战碑”
，
碑高
225<
/p>
米，
宽
1
米。<
/p>
碑文记述了
1939
年
< br>9
月国民党第九战区全体将士奋勇抗日的悲壮事迹。当时，日寇以
18
万兵力，分六路进
攻长沙，
经过将士的浴血奋战，
歼敌
3
万，<
/p>
史称
“第一次长沙会战”
。
碑阴刻有记事诗十首。
Xianggu
Ridge
Xianggu ridge is also
called Buxu ridge. With the high terrain, strange
rocks and unique
landscape, Xianggu
ridge is considered important by Buddhists and
Taoists. The huge stone beside
the
pavilion were carved “Xianggu ridge” by Zhou
Hantao,
another huge stone. At the
northern side of th
e pavilion stands
“Changsha Battlefield Tablet” with
225m
high, 1 meters wide. The tablet article tells the
stories of the soldiers in the 9th battle region
of Nationalist Party, which is called
as “The Fist Changsha Battlefield”. In the back of
the tablet
,
ten poems were
engraved.
禹王碑。
禹王碑
高
1.84
米，宽
1.4
米，字高约
16
厘米。碑文分
9
行，每行
9
字，未行空
4
字，共计
77
字。碑文
有的象奔走的龙蛇，有的象团起身子的蝌蚪，字形独特，难以辩认。
自明代以来，
研究禹碑的学者数不胜数，
有人说是蝌蚪古文，
也有人说是鸟文古篆或道家符
篆。现在一般多采用杨慎的译文，大意为：禹奉舜嘱托，
治理洪水，在外十三年，三过家门
而不入。在登南岳时，梦见苍水使者，得到治理洪水的
要领金简玉字书，刻于石山的高处。
从此，
改围堵为疏导，
河流疏畅行通了，
害人的禽兽蛟龙永远奔逃。
碑亭左边是清乾隆年间
岳麓书院山长欧阳正焕楷书《大观》，右边是刘汝楠题，张隶书
《夸神禹碑歌》。这些名家
石刻，更为禹王碑增添了几分神彩。
1959
年禹王碑被列为湖南省级重点文物保护单位。