经济学英语词汇

/

行政人员

manufacturer

制造商

quality

control

质量管理

after-sale

service

售后服务

trade

sanction

贸易制裁

trade

barriers

贸易壁垒

shortage

of

funds

资金短缺

surplus

过剩

merge

r

兼并

deposit

money

存款

current

account

活期帐户

savings

account

定期帐户

clearance

sale

清仓甩卖

pay

off

debts

清偿债务

integration

with

the

global

economy

全球经济一体化

foundation

基金会

China’s

access

to/entery

into

WTO

中国加入

WTO

win

the

bid

中标

registered

trademark

注册商标

franchised

store

专卖店

supplement

a

budget

追加预算

overstock

of

finished

products

economic/financial

crisis

经济

/

金融危机

embezzlement

of

public

funds

挪用公款

demand

exceeds

supply/be

in

short

supply

供不应求

purchasing

power

购买力

share-holding

system

股份制企业

shareholders

股东

stock

exchange

股票交易市场

bonds

债券

interest

rate

利率

fixed

assets

investment

固定资产投资

gross

national

product(GNP)

国民生产总值

drain

of

state

owned

assets

国有资产流失

state-owned

enterprise

国有企业

private

enterprise

私人企业

debt/liabilities

债务

commission

佣金，回扣

monopolize

the

marke

垄断市场

tax

evasion

偷税漏税

income

tax

of

the

individuals

个人所得税

means

of

circulation

流通手段

accounting-accountant

会计

capital

investment

资本投资

capital

regorganization

资产重组

declare

bankruptcy

宣布破产

boycott

foreign

products

抵制外国产品

revenue

财政收入

expenditure

财务支出

deficit

赤字

1

ECONOMY AND MARKET ECONOMY

经济和市场经济

Socialist market economy

社会主义市场经济

Socialist sector of economy

社会主义经济成分

State-owned economy

国有经济

Non-state economy

非国有经济

Collective economy

集体经济

Individual economy

个体经济

Coexistence of various economic composition

多种经济成分共存

Sustained, rapid and sound economic development

持续，快速和

Multi-polarization of world economy

世界经济多极化

Economic community

经济共同体

MACRO-CONTROL

宏观调控

健康的经济发展

National economic budget

国民经济预算

Comprehensive development of economy

经济综合发展

Strategy for economic development

经济发展战略

Theory of macroeconomic policy

宏观经济政策理论

Macroeconomic decision

宏观经济决策

Microeconomic phenomenon

微观经济现象

Traditional planned economy

传统的计划经济

Stimulate economic development

刺激经济发展

Commodity economy

商品经济

Market economy

市场经济

Free market economy

自由市场经济

Developed market economy

发达的市场经济

Developing market economy

发展中的市场经济

Emerging market economy

新兴市场经济

Mature market economy

成熟市场经济

Market economy country

市场经济国家

Extensive economy

粗放型经济

Intensive economy

集约型经济

Transform the extensive economic

粗放型经济转变为

mode into intensive one

集约型经济

Mixed economy

混合经济

Regional economy

地区经济

Internal-oriented economy

内向型经济

Closed economy

闭关自守经济

Economic growth point

经济增长点

Economic growth mode

经济增长方式

Economic growth rate

经济增长率

Economy measure

经济手段

Diversified economy

多种经济，多样化经济

Economic situation

经济形势

Economic cycle

经济周期

Economic fluctuation

经济波动

Economic miracle

经济奇迹

Economic take-off

经济起飞

Economic recovery

经济复苏

Economic potential

经济潜力

Economic sanction

经济制裁

Global economy

全球经济

Economic globalization

经济全球化

Integration of world economy

世界经济一体化

International economic integration

国际经济一体化

New international economic order

国际新经济秩序

Strengthen macro-control

加强宏观调控

Soft landing

软着陆

Macro-economic situation

宏观经济形势

Macro control and micro invigoration

宏观控制与微观搞活

Control of overall volume and economic restructuring

总量控制与

经济结构调整

Tight control on investment in fixed assets

紧缩固定资产投资控

制

Tight financial and monetary policy

从紧的金融货币政策

Moderately tight monetary policy

适度从紧的货币政策

Moderately tight credit policy

适度从紧的信贷政策

Loosening tight monetary policy

放松紧缩的货币政策

Adequate amount of the money supply

适度货币供应量

Excessive amount of currency issue

过度货币发行量

Maintain monetary stability

保持货币稳定

Cheap money policy

低息货币政策

Adjustment of interest rate

利率调整

Cut interest rate

降低利率

Control of interest rate

利率控制

Deflation policy

紧缩政策

Market intervention

市场干预

State intervention

国家干预

Administrative interference

行政干预

Administrative intervention

行政干预

Administrative measure

行政措施

Economy measure

经济手段

Risk-control mechanism

风险控制机制

Overheated economy

过热的经济

Consumer price index

消费品价格指数

Commodity price index

商品物价指数

Retail price index

零售物价指数

Average price index

平均物价指数

Cost-of-living index

生活费用指数

Control of inflation

通货膨胀控制

Demand-pull inflation

需求拉动的通货膨胀

Double digit inflation

两位数字通货膨胀

Excessive inflation

过度的通货膨胀

Galloping inflation

恶性通货膨胀

Hyperinflation

极度通货膨胀

Hidden inflation

隐性通货膨胀

Structural inflation

结构性通货膨胀

Stagflation

经济停滞型的通货膨胀

2

Inflation factor

通货膨胀因素

Inflation of credit

信用膨胀

Inflation rate

通货膨胀率

Inflationary pressure

通货膨胀压力

Curb inflation

抑制通货膨胀

Curb the real estate craze

抑制房地产热

Development zone craze

开发区热

Overall demand and supply

总需求和总供给

Balance between supply and demand

供需平衡

Supply and demand relation

供求关系

Supply over demand

供过于求

Supply exceeds demand

供过于求

Economic crisis

经济危机

Economic depression

经济萧条

Change of title

产权变更

Transfer of property rights

产权转让

Transaction of property rights

产权交易

Property rights transfer agency

产权交易机构

Inspection of assets

资产清查

Re-evaluation of fixed assets

固定资产重估

Asset appraisal

资产评估

Productive assets

经营性资产

Non-productive assets

非经营性资产

Return on assets

资产收益

Balance sheet

资产负债表

Consolidated balance sheet

合并资产负债表

Reform of

State- Owned Enterprises

国有企业改

革

Step up efforts to reform State-owned enterprises

加大国有企业

改革力度

Readjust and reorganize State-owned enterprises to

调整改组国

有企业促进资产重组

promote re-arrangement of assets and raise the overall quality of

the State sector of the economy

提高国有经济的总体素质

Concentrate on rejuvenating State-owned large

集中力量抓好国

有大型企业和

enterprises and enterprises groups

企业集团

Develop trans-regional and inter-trade enterprise groups

发展跨

地区跨行业的企业 集团

Reform, reorganization and upgrading

改革，改组和改造

Re-organization, association, merger, joint

改组，联合，兼并，股

份合作制

partnership, leasing, contract operation and sell-off

租赁，承包经

营和出售

Manage well large enterprises and adopt a flexible policy towards

small ones

抓好大的，放活小的

Give small State-owned enterprises greater freedom

放活国有小

企业

Standardize

bankruptcy

procedures,

encourage

规范破产程序，

鼓励企业兼并，

merging of enterprises and promote re-employment

促进再就业

Allow money-losing enterprise to merger or go bankrupt

允许亏

损企业兼并或破产

Dispersion of redundant employees

分流富余人员

Re-employment funds

再就业基金

Conscientiously

strengthen

the

operation

and

management

of

ent erprises

切实加强企业经营管理

Strengthen financial management of enterprises

强化企业财务管

理

Tighten control over extra budgetary funds

加强预算外资金管理

MANAGEMENT OF STATE-OWNED PROPERTY

国有资产

管理

Establish

a

system

for

the

management,

supervision

and

operation of State assets

建立国有资产管理，监督和营运体系

Reform of management of state-owned property

国有资产管理体

制改革

Clearly

defining

property

rights,

specifying

rights

and

responsibilities,

separating

ownership

from

daily

management

and adopting scientific management

产权清晰，责权明确，政企

Regulation

on

the

supervision

and

management

of

the

state-owned enterprises

国有企业监督管理条例

Laws

and

regulations

on

the

administration

of

state-owned

property

国有资产管理法律法规

Operate independently, assume sole responsibility

自主经营，自

负盈亏，自我发展，

for its profits and losses, seek self-development and self- reliance

自我约束

Uphold

the

principle of separating the functions of government

from

those

of

enterprises

and

alter

the

government’s

role

in

economic management

职能

Safeguard state property

保卫国有资产

Preserve and increase value and prevent losses

保值增值防止流

失

Prevent the drain of State- owned property

防止国有资产流失

Reform of property rights system

产权制度改革

Definition of property rights

产权界定

Clarification of property rights

明晰产权

Registration of property rights

产权登记

Annual checks of the registration of property rights

产权登记年检

Certificate of title

产权证书

Change of registration

变更登记

3

Increase capital and reduce debts through various channels

多渠

道增资减债

Strive to help enterprises eliminate losses and increase profits

抓

好企业扭亏增盈

Develop various modes of operation and marketing

发展多种营销

方式

Alleviate enterprises’ social burdens

减轻企业的社会负担

By tapping the potential and upgrading the technology

通过挖潜

改造

Mechanism for selecting the superior and eliminating the inferior

优胜劣汰机制

Enjoy more decision-making power

享有更多的决策权

Allow employees to hold some shares

允许职工持股

Give more productive enterprises the power to engage in export

independently

给更多的生产企业自营出口权

Protect the interests of the working class

保护工人阶级利益

Technological upgrading

技术改造

Reform of state-owned enterprises

国有企业改革

Deepening of the reform of State-owned enterprises

深化国有企

业改革

Modern enterprise system

现代企业制度

Reorganization of state-owned enterprises

国有企业重组

Transform the enterprises’ management mechanisms

of State-owned enterprises

转换国有企业经营机制

Adjustment of industrial structure

行业结构调整

Industrial policy

产业政策

Support and develop large enterprises and release small

enterprises

支持发展大企业放开小企业

Large and medium-sized State-owned enterprises can be

turned into corporate enterprises

大中型企业可转变为股份公司

Smaller enterprises can become shareholding co-operatives

小企

业可转变为股份合作制

Readjust the asset- liability ratio of state-owned enterprises

调整

国有企业资产负债比

State-owned independent accounting industrial enterprises

国有

独立核算企业

Pioneer enterprise

试点企业

Enlarge the right of self-management

扩大自主权

Optimize capital structure

优化资本结构

Optimize resource allocation

优化资源配置

Optimize investment structure

优化投资结构

Recapitalization

调整资本结构

Capital reorganization

资本重组

Promote rational flow of property right

促进产权合理流动

Reduce staff to improve efficiency

减员增效

Investment risk mechanism

投资风险机制

Project capital system

项目资本金制度

Legal person responsibility system

法人责任制

4

Responsibility for one’s own p

rofit and loss

自负盈亏

Enterprise contract management responsibility system

企业承包

责任制

Unreasonable economic structure

不合理的经济结构

Unreasonable product structure

不合理的产品结构

Repeated construction

重复建设

Repeated introduction of foreign equipment and technology

外国

设备和技术的重复引进

Regional and departmental protectionism

地区和部门保持主义

Government supervision

政府监督

Operating strategy

经营战略

Out-dated management styles

落后的管理方式

Backward in management

管理落后

Relying on government subsidy

依赖政府补贴

Heavy social subsidy

沉重的社会补贴

Heavy social burdens

沉重的社会负担

Excessive production capacity

过剩的生产能力

Merger and acquisition

兼并与收购

Encourage merger

鼓励兼并

Preferential policy for bankruptcy and merger

对破产和兼并企业

的优惠政策

Standardize bankruptcy procedure

规范破产程序

Prevent false bankruptcy

防止假破产

Construction of a multi-layer social security system

建立多层次的

社会保障制度

Re-employment projects

再就业工程

Re-employment of redundant workers

富余职工再就业

Laid-off workers

下岗职工

ENTERPRISE AND COMPANY

企业和公司

Central enterprise

中央企业

Local enterprise

地方企业

Backbone enterprise

骨干企业

Large and medium enterprise

大中型企业

State-owned enterprise

国有企业

Enterprise solely funded by the State

国有独资企业

State-owned firm

国有公司，国有企业

Corporate enterprise

股份制企业

Collective enterprise

集体企业

Collective firm

集体企业，合作企业

Township enterprise

乡镇企业

Partnership enterprise

合伙企业

Individual enterprise

个体企业

Foreign-funded enterprise

外资企业

Top 500 enterprises

最大

500

家企业

Small business

小企业

Primary industry

第一产业

Secondary industry

第二产业

Tertiary industry

第三产业

Corporate Law

公司法

Township Enterprise Law

乡镇企业法

Independent legal entities

独立法人

Board of directors

董事会

Board of supervisors

监事会

Shareholders conference

股东大会

Entrepreneur

企业家

Firm

公司，企业

Company

公司

Incorporation

公司

Corporation

股份公司

Group of enterprises

企业集团

Conglomerate

企业集团，综合性大企业

Company limited by shares

股份有限责任公司

Controlling company

控股公司

Holding company

控股公司

Bank holding company

银行控股公司

Company with limited liability

有限责任公司

State-owned holding company

国家控股公司

Public company

上市公司

Private company

非上市公司

Listed company

上市公司

Overseas-listed company

境外上市公司

Parent company

母公司

Subsidiary company

子公司

Group company

集团公司

Large-scale industrial group

大型工业集团

International conglomerate

跨国企业集团

International corporation

跨国公司

Multinational corporation

跨国公司

Multinational market group

跨国市场集团

Banking institution

金融机构

Banking sector

银行部门

Intermediary bank

中介银行

Development bank

开发银行

Commercial bank

商业银行

Investment bank

投资银行

Credit bank

信贷银行

Cooperative bank

合作银行

Mortgage bank

抵押银行

Clearing bank

清算银行

Credit union

信用社

Non-bank financial institution

非银行金融机构

Financing corporation

金融公司

Securities company

证券公司

Underwriting company

担保公司

Loan and trust company

信托公司

Insurance company

保险公司

Life insurance company

人寿保险公司

Utility company

公共事业公司

MERGER AND ACQUISITION

兼并与收购

Reorganization

重组

Association

联合

Merger

兼并

Acquisition

收购

Joint stock partnership

股份合作

Leasing

出租

Contract operation

承包经营

Auction

拍卖

Develop trans-regional and trans-industry enterprise groups

发展

跨地区跨行业的企业集团

Strategic acquisition

战略性收购

Combination of enterprise

企业合并

Concentric acquisition

集中收购

Conglomerate merger

集团企业合并

Consolidation by lease

租赁式合并

Consolidation by merger

兼并式合并

Leveraged buy-

out (LBO’s)

杠杆收购

Stock merger

股票兼并

Vertical acquisition

纵向收购

Vertical merger

纵向兼并

Vertical consolidation

纵向合并

Vertical integration

纵向合并

Horizontal merger

横向兼并

Horizontal acquisition

横向收购

Horizontal combination

横向合并，同行业合并

Horizontal integration

横向联合

Acquisition cost

收购成本

Acquiring enterprise

收购方企业

Corporate reorganization

公司重组

Bankruptcy Law

破产法

Bankruptcy code chapter 7--- liquidation

破产法第七章

清算

Bankruptcy code 11 --- reorganization

破产法第十一章

重组

Act of bankruptcy

破产法案

Antitrust Law

反托拉斯法

Bankruptcy court

破产法庭

Bankruptcy debtor

破产债务人

Bankruptcy notice

破产公告

Bankruptcy petition

要求宣布破产

Declaration of bankruptcy

宣告破产

Arrangement in bankruptcy court

破产法庭内的协调

Arrangement out of bankruptcy court

不经破产法庭的协调

Creditor’s equity

债权人权益

Bankruptcy trustee

破产受托人

5

Creditor’s meeting

债权人会议

Creditor of bankruptcy

破产债权人

market competition

市场竟争

market demand price

市场需求价格

market development

市场开发

market economy country

市场经济国家

market factor

市场因素

market forecast

市场预测

market index

市场指数

market information

市场信息

market investigation

市场调查

market potential

市场潜力

market quotation

市场行情

market replacement cost

市场重置成本

market research

市场调查，市场研究

market risk

市场风险

market share

市场份额，市场占有率

market value method

市价法

market-oriented

面向市场的

market-to-cost method

市价成本法

property right market

产权市场

seller’s market

卖方市场

social market economy

社会主义市场经济

stock market

股票市场

Marketing

营销，市场销售

marketing channel

销售渠道，市场渠道

marketing cost

销售成本

marketing manager

市场销售经理

markrting strategy

市场经营战略

marketing system

市场体系

relationship marketing

关系营销

MARKET AND COMPETITION

市场和竟争

Commodity market

商品市场

Securities market

证券市场

Bond market

债券市场

Stock market

股票市场

Futures market

期货市场

Options market

期权市场

Property rights market

产权市场

Capital market

资本市场

Free market

自由市场

Labour market

劳动力市场

Flea market

跳蚤市场

Bear market

股票市场的熊市

Bull market

股票市场的牛市

Market competition

市场竟争

Market development

市场开发

Market forecast

市场预测

Market potential

市场潜力

Market risk

市场风险

Market share

市场份额

Seller’s market

卖方市场

Buyer’s market

买方市场

Market abroad

海外市场

Marketability

市场能力

Marketable

销路好的

Marketing channel

销售渠道

Marketing strategy

销售战略

Competition market

竟争市场

Perfect competition

完全竟争

Imperfect competition

不完全竟争

Low-level competition

低水平竟争

Monopolistic competition

垄断竟争

Competitor

竟争对手

Natural monopoly

自然垄断

International monopoly

国际垄断

Market

市场

bear market

股票市场的熊市

bond market

证券市场

bull market

股票市场的牛市

capital market

资本市场

emerging market economic

新兴市场经济

majority market economic

成熟市场经济

market abroad

海外市场

market analysis

市场分析

market approach to fair market value

求得公平市场价值的市场法

6

Asset, Liability And Equity

资产

,

负债和权益

Asset management

资产管理

Tangible assets

有形资产

Intangible assets

无形资产

Physical assets

实物资产

Fixed assets

固定资产

Current assets

流动资产

Current asset losses in suspense

待处理流动资产损失

Deferred assets

递延资产

Other assets

其它资产

Total assets

总资产

Net assets

净资产

Book value of the assets

资产的账面值

Non-ledger assets

帐外资产

Asset account

资产账户

Asset disposal

资产处置

Asset depreciation

资产折旧

Asset inventory shorts

资产盘亏

Asset inventory surplus

资产盘盈

Asset retirement

资产报废

Asset revaluation

资产重估

Capital assets

资本资产

Monetary assets

金融资产

Mortgage assets

抵押资产

Long-term assets

长期资产

Liability

负债

Liability account

负债账户

Direct liability

直接负债

Current liability

流动负债

Liability out of book

账外负债

Long-term liability

长期负债

Book debt

账面负债

Asset liability ratio

资产负债比

Owner’s equity

所有者权益

Equity account

权益账户

Stockholders’ e

quity

股东权益

Preferred stock equity

优先股权益

Cumulative preferred stock

积累优先股

Non-cumulative preferred stock

非积累优先股

Convertible preferred stock

可转换优先股

Participating preferred stock

参加优先股

Non-Participating preferred stock

非参加优先股

Callable preferred stock

可赎回优先股

Common stock equity

普通股权益

Total equity

权益总额

企业评价指标

Assets Liabilities Ratio

资产负债率

Quick Ratio

速动比率

Current Ratio

流动比率

P/E ratio

市盈率

Current Liabilities to Net Worth

流动负债比净资产

Total Liabilities to Net Worth

总负债比净资产

Fixed Assets to Net Worth

固定资产比净资产

Inventory Turnover Ratio

存货

Assets to Sales

Sales to Net Working Capital

销售收入比流动资金净值

Accounts Payable to Sales

应付帐款比销售收入

Return on Sales(profit Margin)

Return on Assets

资产收益率

Return on Total Assets

总资产收益率

Return o

n Shareholder’s Equity

股东权益收益率

Return on Investment

投资收益

Return on Net Worth(Return on Equity)

净资产收益率

收益表

INCOME STATEMENT

销售收入

Sales Revenue

减：销售折扣与折让

Deduct: Sales Discount & Allowance

销售收入净值

Net Sales Revenue

减：销售税金

Deduct: Tax on Sales

销售成本

Coat of Sales

销售毛利

Gross Profit from Sales

减：管理费用

Deduct: Administration Expenses

财务费用

Financial Expenses

销售利润

Profit from Sales

加：其它业务利润

Plus: Profit from Other Operations

营业利润

Operating Profits

加：投资收益

Plus: Investment Income

营业外净收入

Non- Operating Revenue

以前年度利润调整

Adjustment of Earning of Prior Years

利润总额

Total Profits(Before Tax)

减：所得税

Deduct: Income Tax

净利润

Net Profits

合并资产负债表

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET

资产

Assets

流动资产

Current Assets

长期应收帐款

Long-term Receivable

长期投资

Long-term Investment

固定资产

Fixed Assets

原值

Original Coat

减：累计折旧

Deduct: Accumulated Depreciation

净值

Net Worth

在建工程

Construction in-progress

其它资产

Other Assets

资产总额

Total Assets

负债和权益

Liabilities & Equity

负债

Liabilities

流动负债

Current Liabilities

长期负债

Long-term Liabilities

负债合计

Total Liabilities

少数股东权益

Minority Interests

权益

Equity

实收资本

Paid-in Capital

资本公积

Capital surplus

保留盈利

Retained Earnings

权益合计

Total Equity

负债和权益总额

Total Liabilities & Equity

BALANCE SHEET

资产负债表

ASSETS

资产

Cash and Equivalents

现金和视同现金

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