-
考研英语历年阅读理解真题精析
--1995
年
part5
Part Five
That
experiences
influence
subsequent
behavior
is
evidence
of
an
obvious
but
nevertheless
remarkable
activity
called
remembering.
Learning
could
not
occur
without the function popularly named
memory. Constant practice has such as effect
on memory as to lead to skillful
performance on the piano, to recitation of a poem,
and even to reading and understanding
these words. So-called intelligent behavior
demands
memory
,
remembering
being
a
primary
requirement
for
reasoning.
The
ability
to solve any problem
or even to recognize that a problem exists depends
on memory.
Typically, the decision to
cross a street is based on remembering many
earlier
experiences .
Practice
（
or
review
）
tends
to
build
and
maintain
memory
for
a
task
or
for
any
learned
material. Over a
period of no practice what has been learned tends
to be forgotten;
and
the
adaptive
consequences
may
not
seem
obvious.
Yet,
dramatic
instances
of
sudden
forgetting can seem to be adaptive. In
this sense, the ability to forget can be
interpreted
to
have
survived
through
a
process
of
natural
selection
in
animals.
Indeed,
when one's memory of an emotionally
painful experience lead to serious anxiety,
forgetting may produce relief.
Nevertheless, an evolutionary interpretation might
make it difficult to understand how the
commonly gradual process of forgetting
survived natural selection.
In thinking about the evolution of
memory together with all its possible aspects,
it is helpful to consider what would
happen if memories failed to fade. Forgetting
clearly
aids
orientation
in
time,
since
old
memories
weaken
and
the
new
tend
to
stand
out, providing clues for inferring
duration. Without forgetting, adaptive ability
would suffer, for example ,learned
behavior that might have been correct a decade
ago may no longer be. Cases are
recorded of people who
（
by
ordinary standards
）
forgot
so
little
that
their
everyday
activities
were
full
of
confusion.
This
forgetting seems to serve that survival
of the individual and the species.
Another line of thought assumes a
memory storage system of limited capacity that
provides
adaptive
flexibility
specifically
through
forgetting.
In
this
view,
continual adjustments are made between
learning or memory storage
（
input
）
and
forgetting
（
outpu
t
）
.
Indeed,
there
is
evidence
that
the
rate
at
which
individuals
forget is
directly related to how much they have learned.
Such data offers gross
support of
contemporary models of memory that assume an
input-output balance.
17. From the
evolutionary point of view,__.
（
A
）
forgetting for lack of
practice tends to be obviously inadaptive .
（
B
）
if
a person gets very forgetful all of a sudden he
must be very adaptive
（
C
）
the
gradual
process
of
forgetting
is
an
indication
of
an
individual'
s
adaptability
（
D
）
sudden forgetting may bring
about adaptive consequences
18.
According to the passage, if a person never forgot
,__.
（
A
）
he
would survive best
（
B
）
he
would have a lot of trouble
（
C
）
his
ability to learn would be enhanced
（
D
）
the
evolution of memory would stop
19. From
the last paragraph we know that__.
（
A
）
forgetfulness is a
response to learning
（
B
）
the
memory storage system is an exactly balanced
input-output system
（
C
）
memory is a compensation for
forgetting
（
D
）
the
capacity of a memory storage system is limited
because forgetting occurs
20. In this
article, the author tries to interpret the
function of__.
（
A
）
remembering
（
B
）
forgetting
（
C
）
adapting
D
）
experiencing
Unit 2
（
1995
）
Part5
重点词汇：
subsequent
（随后的）←
s
ub+sequ+ent
，
sub-
在
下，
sequ
（
=follow
）词根
跟随
，
-ent
形
容词后缀
。
Be
sure
not
to
tell
a
first
falsehood,
and
you
needn't
fear
being
detected
in any subsequent o
nes.
千万别说第一个谎话，这样就不用害怕在随后的谎话中被人发现。
duration
（持久；持续时间）即
dur+ation
，
dur
词根
持续
，
-ation
名词后缀。同根词：
durable
（
持
久
的
）
←
dur+able<
/p>
可
......
的
；
endurance
（
持
久
力
；
忍
耐
力
）
←
< br>en
使
......+dur+ance
。
It is not the strength but the
duration of great sentiment that
makes
great
men.
造就伟人的不是力量，而是伟大情操的持久。
contemporary
（当代的；同时代的；同时代的人）←<
/p>
con+tempor+ary
，
con
-
一起，
tempor
看
作
temper
（性情）
，
-ary
后缀，
性情相同的
（人）
就是同时代的
（人
）
。
Most
contemporary
books give the
impression of having been manufactured in a day,
out of books read
the day before.
大部分当代书籍给人的印象，是花一天工夫用前一天读过的书加工而成的。
难句解析：
①
That experiences influence
subsequent behaviour is evidence of an obvious but
nevertheless remarkable activity called
remembering.