-
本次写
作课主要内容
一．四、六级作文的
评分原则
及
标准
二．如何应对大学英语四、六级短文写作
四．历年四级真题作文选读
三．
“
过渡
衔接词语
”在大学英语四、六级短文写作中的“
闪光点
”作用
五．四、六级作文
实用套语
(1)
评分原则：
一、四、六级作文评分原则及标准
四、六级作文题部分采用总体评分
(Global
Scoring)
的原则——阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分
(Reward
Scores)
，而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。
(2)
具体评分标准：
四、六级作文试题满分为
15
分
< br>。阅卷标准分为五等：
2
分、
5
分、
8
分、
1
1
分、
14
分。
(3)
关于作文最低分的规定：
作文最低分的规定是
1997
年
6
月开始实施的，其具体含义是：如果写作部分不能及格，则四、
六级考试不能通过。全国大学英语考试委员会这一规定的目的是为了突出写作在四、六级考试
中的
权重。记分方法如下：
a. <
/p>
作文及格分为
6
分；
b.
作文分为
0
分，原计算分数即使高于
60
分，公布的成绩一律为
59
分；
c.
作文分低于及格分
(6
分
)
时，公布的成绩以此计算公式得出：
原计算分数
-
6
分
(
及格分数
) +
作文实得分数
例：
（原计算分数）
62
分
-
（及格分数）
6
分
+
（作文实得分数）
3
分
=59
分
d.
字数不足酌情扣分
字数
90~99
80~89
70~79
60~69
50~59
＜
49
扣分
1
2
3
5
7
9
（注：题目中给出的主题句、起始句、结束句、均不得计入
所写字数。只写一段者，给
0~4
分；只写两段者，给
0~9
分——指规定的三段作文）
（
4
）评分样卷及说明
Title: Getting to Know the
World Outside the Campus
Outline: 1.
大学生了解社会的必要性；
2.
了解社会的途径（大众媒介、社会服务等）
；
< br>
3.
我打算怎么办？
例文
1
：
With the rapid development of our
society, the campus is no longer an
“
Ivory
Tower
”
. Students must
get in touch with the world outside the
campus so that they can adapt themselves to the
society more quickly
when they
graduate.
Almost all the
students keep themselves informed by
TV
, radio broadcasts and newspapers.
Some of
them
even
take
up
a
part-time
job
in
their
spare
time.
Working
as
tutors,
serving
in
some
fast-food
restauants
…
All
these have keep the students get in touch with the
society.
Now the summer vacation
will come and I`ve already found myself a job----
working as a typist in an
office. I`ve
learned typing for many years and I think I can do
it well. It`s a good chance for me to get to
know the society, to learn how to get
along with my colleagues and to see how my
knowledge is put into
practise. When
the next semester begings, I`ll still try to get
this kind of little job. Regardless of the pay, I
think the most important thing is that
I can really know a lot about the society.
例文
1
为
14
分样题。切题。思想表达清楚，文字流畅，内容比较充实，基本上无语言错误。
例文
2
：
It is important for the sttdents to
know the world outside the campus. Now the society
is developing
quickly. We have to adapt
us to the society. After graduating, we must find
a job to support ourselves. And
we must
know what kind of people the society requires.
To know the world outside the campus,
we can read newspaper, watch TV and listen to the
radio. We
can
also
get
to
know
the
society
through
taking
part
in
serving
for
the
society.
And
we
can
exchange
information with
our classmates and friends.
According
to me, I will try my best to study well firstly.
And then I plan to find a job in the Summer
Holidays. I think I will be saleman or
a clerk during the holidays. It will help me to
know the world outside
the campus.
例文
2
为
11
分样题。切题。思想表达清楚，文字连贯，但有个别语言错误。
例文
3
：
University students must get to know
the world outside the campus, because university
students will
step
into
the
society
at
once.
in
another
world,
they
will
be
faced
to
all
kinds
of
social
problems.
and
complex relationship
between people in society. If we don`t know the
world outside the campus before, we
should not know how to do when we step
into the society.
Because students must
focus his most attention on studying, in my
opinion, we can
get to know the
world by TV
, radio,
newspaper and so on. First, watching TV is the
main method. by watching TV
. we can
know
what
happened
in
the
world
imediately.
Certainly,
by
other
ways,
such
as
newspaper,
we
can
also
know how
the world runs.
As
a
university students, certainly, I
can
get to know the
world outside the
campus. by
ways above.
Especially. I should find a part-time
job in society. by such way. I can know the
society better. So that in the
future,
I can adapt to the society well.
例文
3
为
8
分样题。切题。
但有些地方思想表达得不够清楚，有较多语言错误和标点错误。
例文
4
：
There
is
a
phenomenon
dabate
now
days
on
the
problem
of
the
college
students
getting
out
of
the
campus.
Most
people
agree
with
it.
They
think
that
college
students
need
know
the
knowledge
not
only
from the books but also
from the society. Then they will survive well and
adapt for the society.
There are sever
methods knowing of the society. For one way,
college students can read newspaper and
watch
TV
every
day.
They
may
get
the
message
more
fast
than
ever.
For
another,
they
can
do
some
part-time
jobs and hear of citizen feeling. Still
I think I`ll often know about the
society. I`ll visity a factory in my city and
write down a report in this
summer
holiday. I`ll have a part-time job to teach a
child, and have a talk with her parents. I think
they are
very effective. Do you think
so?
例文
4
为
5
分样题。基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多严重语法错误。
例文
5
：
A collage student would not only
studied hard for his conpression also get to know
the
world outside the campus. If you
have a poor known of the world outside, You will
never stand in the world
sucessfulle.
but
how
can
I
getting
to
know
the
wotld
outside
the
campus?
You
could
learn
a
lot
of
knowledge
that
learned
in
the
college
through
the
newspaper,
the
magerion
the
TV
programms.
and
the
radio. But the most
importance way is the practices, only throug
practiced you may see the trule world.
If you think you need not getting to
know the world outside the campus, you are wrong.
Just do it with
yours friends, you will
find the world so complex and so intrustion.
例文
5
为
2
分样题。语言支离破碎，大部分句子有语病。全篇条理不清，思想混乱。
二、如何应对大学英语四、六级短文写作
短文写作是大学英语四级考试
(CET4)
的一个重要组成部分，是对学生综合语言能力的
一种测试。从
1997
年
6
月起，大学英语四级考试正式实施了短文最低分
(6
分
)
，从而更进一步体现了短文写作的重要性。
短文写作的分值占四级卷面总分（
100
分）的
15%
（即
15
分
）
。但是从历年大学英语四级统考的平均成绩
来看，短文写作不
尽人意，全国短文平均分数一直在
6-8
分间徘徊。短文写作是
考生丢分较高的一项
,
也是
广大考生最
为担心的一项
, 6
分这一最低分的实施
,
实际上就是指：
若考生的短文写
作成绩达不到
6
分
,
< br>考生
将不可能通过四级
,
本文
将从
1.
四级短文写作的词汇选用问题
;
2.
以何种句式书写短文；
3.<
/p>
如何把握段落结
构
;
即：从词汇、句式、段落
------
短文构成的三大基本
要素等几个方面以实例的形式来加以分析和论述
:
如
何应对大学英语四级短文写作。望能对广大同仁及学生们有所帮助和启发。
一、四级短文写作的词汇选用问题
1
、词汇的＂质＂与＂量＂：
如何选用短文写作的词汇问题
,
实际上是指词汇的
“
量
”
与
“
质
”
的问题。大家知道：
词汇是写
作的基本
语言单位
。要写一篇好的短文需要有相当数量的词汇作
基础。参加四级考试的学生只要能够掌握大学英语
教学大纲所规定的
3600-4000
个词汇，
就足以能够按照要求写出短文
，
这便是四级短文所要求的词汇的
“数
量”
。
然而，仅仅有了一定的词汇量
，并不等于就能真正写好短文。从大量的卷面分析以及平时学生的写作
练习来看，许多学
生对所选用的词汇的“质”掌握得不好。即：不懂得词汇习得的“完备性”
-----<
/p>
对常用
词汇掌握不牢；不能正确拼写；选词不当；固定搭配混淆不
清；运用词汇表达主题思想不够准确等等。为
此，在这里告诫同学们，在平时的词汇学习
中一定要注意词汇的“完备性”
，切不可孤立地，残缺不全地，
大概地记意常用的词汇；
同时在短文写作过程中，要尽量使用简单明了，通俗易懂的表达
方式；在选词上
要多加思量，以常用词，惯用词组为核心，遵循英语的表达习惯，从而准
确，恰当地表达短文的主题。
Nowdays
thinked
ourself
themself
The person who
are
……
succeed
/
fail
be interested in
/
be fond of
/
be
keen on
___ one thing
……
___ another
___ the one
hand
…
..
___ the other hand
___
the first place
……
___ the second / next
place
…
..
___ the third place
2
、如何选用词汇实现短文的＂完整性＂与＂连贯性＂：
短文写作的最终目的是实现短文的完整性与连贯性，那么，词汇的选用如何才能更好
地服务于这一目
的呢？
a.<
/p>
使用过度性连接词语达到连贯：短文写作时若能准确，恰当地运用连接词将是短文得分的＂
闪光＂
点。因为过度性词语将起着承上启下的作用，它的使用会使整篇短文浑然一体，较
好地实现完整性与连惯
性。试比较下面两例：
b.
重复使用关键词和短语达到连贯：关键词的重复出现可以把全段
串联成一个整体，使文章语义流畅，
主题突出，避免跑题，从而达到连贯的效果。例：<
/p>
People’s
vie
ws
on
love
and
marriage
come
from
their
culture.
In
many
cultures,
people
think
that
love
and
marriage go together.
They think that love is a necessary foundation for
marriage and that you should love the person
you marry before you get married. In
other cultures, however, a man and a woman may not
even know each other
before their
wedding day. Romantic love is not essential to
marriage in these cultures. These people expect
that love
will develop after the
wedding if the marriage is a good one.
c.
利用同义词和代词的重复来实现短文的连贯：同义词和代词的重复使用有助于句子间
的过度，把文
章前后的意思有机地串在一起。例：
Aspirin
is
very
irritating
to
the
stomach
lining
and
many
aspirin
takers
complain
about
upset
stomach.
Actually, there is
a right way to take the
medicine. The
best way is to chew the tablets before swallowing
them
with water, but few people can
stand the bitterness. Some people suggest crushing
the
tablets in milk or orange
juice and drinking that.
这段中的
aspirin, medicine,
tablet
是同义词
,
段尾的代词
that
也用来替代
aspirin.
Irritating
和
upset
也
是同
义词。正是这些同义词和代词的使用，短文才具有了连贯性。
由此可见
,
词汇
< br>的选用
不仅是＂
量
＂
与＂
质
＂
的
问题
,
更重要的是它
决定<
/p>
着短文的
＂完整
性＂与
< br>＂连贯
性＂。
二、用什么样的句式书写短文：
句子
是较完整和准确地表达思想进行交际的依托。
好的短文中句子不仅要符合英语语法规范，
语义完
How to Be Well Prepared
for the Writing of CET Band Four
整，表达简洁，而且句型要稍有交替变化，句子间要用连接词
衔接，以确保句意连贯顺畅。
然而，许多学生普遍认为：写作
时只要不犯语法上的错误，多用简单句，短句最保险。的确，简单句，
短句比较容易驾驭
，不易出现句法上的混乱。但是过多地使用简单句，短句就会使短文显的单调，松散，
令
人感到混乱，无感染力，更多地暴露写作能力薄弱的一面。
同样的内容，考生若能恰当地
运用连接词把
单句有机地连接起来，并注意长句，短句，简单句，并列句以及复合句及特
殊句式（如：强调句、
it
句型、
倒装
句、否定句、
）等的交替使用，用短句表达有力的结论，用长句体现严密的逻辑关系，短
文才会完整连
贯，生动耐读。
例１：
a. It be
……
that
……
(
强调句
)
b.
It
’
s
very
kind / considerate of
you to help me with my
homework.
——
You are kind /
considerate
→
c. It
’
s important
/ necessary / vital / essential
......
that
……
It
’
s
important / necessary / vital / essential for sb.
to do sth. ........
d. It takes / took
sb. some time / money to do sth.
e.
Only in this way / when we
……
f. I think that you are not right.
g. Is failure a bad thing?
例
2
：
A lot of talented people , especially
young people are at the bottom of the hierarchy.
It is unfair. People think
they are old
enough for the position and they can get promoted.
That takes them twenty or even thirty years.
此段语意完整性较差，各句子间连接松散，读来乏味。
It is unfair that a lot of talented
people, especially young people are at the bottom
of the hierarchy. It takes 20
or even
30 years for them to get promoted when they are
thought to be old enough for the position.
经修改后，此段语意连贯完整，符合英语逻辑思维和习惯表达。
D.
当然，在平时的写作练习中，要特别留心学习英语语法规则和常用句型，尽量少犯语法错误，同时
又
要注意避免冗长杂乱，眉目不清的长句，切不可盲目追求过长，过于复杂的句子。
三、如何准确把握段落结构：
段落是短文写作的有机组成部分
.
段落把握得好
坏直接影响短文是否切题，或偏离了主题。四级考试的
写作部分无论采用何种出题形式，
通常要求三段式（当然两段或四段式作文也时有出现，但三段式短文为
常考型）
。因此，了解段落结构，掌握段落写作特点是短文成功的关键所在。在三段式作文中到底该如何把
握段落结构呢？每一段该写些什么，怎样写呢？
在此，笔者向大家推推荐一种既直观具体、又简便易用的段落写作模式，供大家参考：
我们不妨把三段式的段落结构称之为＂三明治＂式
（
西餐中的面包上、
中、
下三层）
，
可谓形象生动。
即：
用
主题句（
Topic
Sentence
< br>）开头――文章的第一段（三明治的第一层）
；中间夹着扩展句（
Developing
Sentence
）――文章
的第二段，即核心段落（三明治中间最有品味的部分）
；用结论句结尾
< br>(Concluding
Sentence)
――文章
的第三段，
即最后一段（三明治的第三层，即最后一层）
。所谓
主题句是指能够用来表明作
者观点和态度，或者能够概括文章主题内容的句子。主题句的
确定将对整篇文章起着统领作用。在第一段中
对主题句要稍加展开，二到三个句子为宜，
一般来说第一段不要写得太长，因为四级短文的字数被限制在
100-120
之间，
若第一段写得太长有可能会影响到第二，三段的内容，
甚至有可能背离作文的提示要求，影响
短文得高分。
开门见山，直截了当，为主题句所在段落的宗旨。
扩展句是用来说明和发展主题句所表达
的段
落中心思想的句子，也是短文的主体核心部分。扩展句所提供的信息材料必须紧扣主
题句，为主题句服务，
论据的说服力要强，条理要清楚，要合乎逻辑。因此，在写扩展句
之前，必须抓住主题句的中心词汇即关键
词
(Key
Word)
或制约思想
(Controlling Idea)
，从而更好地，深入具体地服务于主题句。
条理清楚，逻辑性强
，
为扩展句所在段落的宗旨。
结论句就是指用一句话或几句话来
总结、归纳所写短文的总体内容。第三段也不
必写得太长，太啰嗦，要用较为简洁的，概
括力强的词、句收尾。
言简意赅，概括力强，为结论句所在段落
的宗旨。
请看下面实例分析：
(1)If there were no electric power, our
modern world would be in trouble.
(
关键词：
in trouble
为本
段制约思
想，下文应对此进行扩展和说明）
(2) For
one thing, all the wheels would stop because the
motors that power the
machines would
fail.
（扩展论句１）
(3) For
another, many, if not all, of our industries would
cease production.
（扩展论句２）
(4)B
esides, all the electrical appliances such as
washing machines, refrigerators, TVs would stop
working. (
扩展论句３
)
(5) In short, our modern life would be impossible
without electricity.
（结论句）
主题句—―――――—（１）
—―――――（２）
由此可见，
段落结构可以概括为：
扩展句
—―――――（３）
—―――――（４）
结论句―――――――（５）
大学英
语四级短文写作恰恰是这个段落结构模式的扩充。一般要求考生围绕主题思想写出３个自然段
（或２－４个自然段）
。同时也可参考下面简便易行的一种写作方法，即：＂十句作
文法＂（每句大致含
10
－
12
个词）
，或采用＂十二句作文法＂（每句大致含
10
个词左右）
，每段紧扣主题句写出３－４个扩充
句，便可达到四级短文的篇幅要求
(100
－<
/p>
120
个字
)
，
短文字数不必追求数量，切记太长，只要达到规定字
数要求即可。
由此可见，四级短文写作并非难不可＂及＂，除了平时要多读多练以外，写作时务必
要做到：准确，
恰当地选用词语；句式变化交替使用；正确把握段落结构等三大要素。<
/p>
总之，四级短文写作的宗旨为：
开门见山，直截了当。
（主题句）
条理清楚，逻辑性强。
（扩展句）
言简意赅，概括力强。
（结论句）
三、
“过渡衔接词语”在大学英语四、六
级短文写作中的“
闪光
点
”作用
The Function
of Transitive Conjunctions
in College English Writing
在大学英语四级考试（
CET4
）中，
短文写作越来越显示出它的重要性。自
1997
年
6
月起，大学英语
四级考试正式实施了短文最低分（
6
分）
。也就是说，如果考生的短文写
作成绩达不到最低分（
6
分）
，考生<
/p>
将很难通过四级考试。由此可见，短文写作得高分，是通过四级考试的重要环节之一。那么
如何快速、有
效的提高写作，突破最低分（
6
< br>分）
，取得短文写作的好成绩呢？笔者认为：准确、恰当地运用
< br>
“
过渡衔接
”
词语（以下简称“衔接词语”
）将是短文写作得分的“闪光”点所在。
大学英语四级短文写作无论采用何种出题方式，通常要求写三段（二段
、四段也时有出现）
，即：
1
、
用主题句
（
Topic
Sentence
）
开头——文章的第一段。
2
、
中间夹着扩展句
（
Developing /
Supporting Sentence
）
——文章的第二段
。
3
、用结论句结尾（
Conclud
ing Sentence
）——文章的第三段。
为此，短文写
作就涉及
到了一个非常关键性的问题，即：句与句之间如何衔接，段与段之间如何自然过
渡？这个问题就需要有衔
接词语来解决。在短文写作过程中若能准确、恰当地运用衔接词
语，不仅能使句子之间做到有机的衔接，
而且段落之间过渡自然，并能最终实现短文的完
整性与连贯性。下面就三段式短文中，每一段常用的衔接
词语以归类的形式来分别加以论
述。
一、主题句所在段落中常用的过渡衔接词语
< br>所谓主题句是指能够用来表明作者观点和态度，或者是能够概括文章主题内容的句子。在第一段中应
对主题句稍加展开，由于四级短文的字数被限制在
100-120
个字之间，因此对主题句的展开一般为二到三
个句子为宜，切忌过长
，影响二、三段的内容。那么如何使用衔接词语引出主题句，又如何把用来展开主
题句的
句子有机地衔接起来呢？笔者通过对近十年的大学英语四级真题短文的分析，以及多年在对学生写
作的指导实践中发现：在短文写作的第一段中若能有所选择地、准确地使用以下衔接词语，不仅能解决上
述问题，同时也有助于解决作文“开头难”的问题。
(All
things are difficult before they are easy.
万事开头难
)
如：
now; lately; currently;
generally; nowadays; presently / at present;
recently / in recent years; in our daily
life; in the past few years; in modern
society; with the development / improvement /
growth / opening of
??
等
等，这些衔接词语往往具有开场白的作用，例如当我们要写一篇有关社会发展、科技进步、环境保护、
以
及有关日常生活等内容的文章时，便可选用以上词语作开场白，从而引出主题句。例如
：
1
、
Ge
nerally
（衔接词）
，
peop
le think that fresh water is
inexhaustible.(
主题句
)
< br>??（
96
年
6
月真题）
2
、
With the
development of our
society
（衔接词语）
，
the
campus no longer be a
n ”
Ivo
ry T
ower .”
??
（主
题句）
（
97
年
6
月真
题）
3
、
Nowadays in the
society
（衔接词语）
，
the
re are enormous fake commodities(
主题句
)
。?
(98
年
1
月真
题
)
4
、
In our daily
life
（衔接词语）
，
there
are many occasions on which we should not hesitate
to say ”No” when
asked for help(
主题句
)
，??（
99
年
1
月真题）
5
、
In
the
past
few
years
(
衔接词语
),
while
the
cost
of
college
education
has
risen
sharply,
students
have
several ways to pay for their college
tuition and fees.
（主题句）??（
200
0
年
1
月真题）
由此可见，过渡衔接词语的使用，对主题句的引出自然顺畅，尤为重要。又如：
1
、
Recently,
a hot
topic people are talking about is
?
/there is a
heated discussion on /about
/whether
?
2
、
Nowadays,
a social / common
phenomenon that you can find everywhere is
?
3
、
Nowadays,
more and more people
are concerned about
?
4
、
Nowadays,
there is a widespread view that
?
5
、
Recently
，
there has sprung up a
heated discussion as to whether
?
6
、
In our daily
life,
we often hear /see / come across
?
7
、
With the
development of national economy
?
8
、
With the
progress of science and technology
?
9
、
With the
quickening pace of modern life
?
10
、
With the
improvement of people
’
s
living standard
…
11
、
With
people
’
s living standards
rising, more and more people
?
12
、
With the
growth of population
…
13
、
With the
opening and reform of our
country
…
With the development of traffic tools,
the communication between us becomes more and more
frequent. No
matter
where
your
friends
and
relatives
live,
it
is
always
very
easy
to
pay
a
visit
to
them
if
you
would
like.
Therefore, when you meet an old friend
on a strange street, you may exclaim: ” oh, what a
small world.”(
94
年
6
月
真题短文
)
由于衔接词语（下画线部分）的引导作用，很自然地引出了主题句：
the
communication
between
us
becomes more and more fre
quent.
不难看出这是一篇以
“现代交通工具越来越发达，
人与人之间的交往越来越
频繁”
为主题
的短文，
在主题句之后又用了两句话对主题句稍加展开
（从
No matter
where
??到
“Oh,
what
a small
world.”
）
二、扩展句所在段落中常用的过渡衔接词语
< br>扩展句所在段落即短文写作的第二段，是短文的主体段落，应当体现短文的具体内容或实例，因此，
在这一段中使用衔接词语“条理性”要十分突出。当客观、辩证地论述某个问题时，往往需要从
正反两个
方面列举实例，此时常用的衔接词语有：
for
one thing
???
for another, on
the one hand
??
on the other
hand
等
;
当我们要从多角度、多
层面地来论证某个问题时，往往需要列举三个或三个以上的实例，这种情况下
常用的衔接
词语有：
first(ly)
??
second(ly)
??
third(ly) / finally; in
the first place
???
in the
second/ next
place
?
?
in
the
third
place;
first
?
?
?
besides
?
?
?
finally;
first(ly)
of
all
……
second(ly)
/
furthermore
……
finally
/
last
but
not
least;
actually
?
?
?
besides
?
?
moreover;
to
begin
with
?
?
fur
thermore
???
in
addition/finally; mainly
because
??
partly
because
??
also
because
??等等。
例１：
Many more
college students today take a part
–
time job. Because it has a
lot of advantages. A part-time job can
offer
a student
a
chance to
contact
with the
society
and get some
idea of the
society.
The students
can gain some
valuable experience which will be
helpful to their future career. They can apply
what they have learnt in class to the
practical work, which will enable them
to know themselves clearly. Some jobs can bring
them some profit and it can
cultivate
independence among the young people.
例２：
Many more college students today take a
part- time job because it has a lot of advantages.
First,
a part-time
job
can
offer
a
student
a
chance
to
contact
with
the
society
and
get
some
idea
of
the
society.
As
a
result,
the
students can gain some valuable
experience which will be helpful to their future
career.
Besides,
they can
apply
what they have learnt in class to
the practical work, which will enable them to know
themselves clearly.
Finally,
some jobs can bring them some
profit.
Meanwhile,
it can
cultivate independence among the young people.
在例１中没有使用过度连接词，而例２中用了５个过度连接词。对比结果十分明显：例１显得松
散杂
乱，而例２则显得自然流畅，清晰易懂。由此可见，过度连接词起着逻辑联系的作用
，对保证段落的连贯
性十分重要。
例
3
：
However,
it is not the case
in our real life. Many people prefer to say ”Yes”
when they should say ”No ”.
On
the one hand,
they are
afraid to lose their own face. Since they think
refusal means their inability.
On the
other
hand,
they are afraid
to offend their acquaintances’ face; such as their
friends, relatives and so on.
（
99
年
1
月真题：
Don’t Hesitate to Say
”No”
）
Actually,
fresh
water
is
in
a
short
supply.
Due
to
the
rapid
population
increase,
fresh
water
consumption
remains great.
Besides,
with the
development of industry, more water is needed.
Moreover,
a lot of our
rivers and
lakes
have
been
so
polluted
that
water
from
them
is
undrinkab
le.
（
96
年
6
月真题：
Global
Shortage
of
Freshwater
）????
<
/p>
有时为了达到递进或并列关系上的进一步强调，还可以重复使用同一个衔接词语如：
sometimes
??
< br>sometimes
??
even
sometimes; some people
??
some
people
???
some
people
例如：
Failure
is
not
an
uncommon
matter
in
our
life.
As
a
student,
we
sometimes
fail
to
get
A
grade
in
our
examination.
Sometimes,
we lose the football game to
our opponent.
Even sometimes,
w
e fail to get a desired jab.
（
91
年
6
月真题：
Is Failure a Bad
Thing?
）???
Some
people
don’t take failure seriously,
and pay no attention to it,
Consequently,
the same
failure may repeat
itself later.
Some people
are frustrated
and discouraged at it,
thus
they lose their confidence in their
future career.
Some
people,
on
the
contrary,
keep
calm
when
failure
occurs
and
draw
a
lesson
from
it.
As
a
result,
they
will
succeed
in what they are doing after several times of tria
l.
（
1991
年
6
月真题；
Is Failure a Bad
Thing?
）
以上例句十分明显地体现
了衔接词语
的重要性，
试想在上述段落中如果没有衔接词语的使用，
短文的
条理性将难以体现，尤其在最后一个实例中，衔接词语
some
people
???
consequently; some
people
???
thus; some
people
???
As a
result
的使用，不仅体现了同一个衔接词语
some
people
“重复强调”的效果，
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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