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第二章
语音学与音系学
the
following terms
1) vowels
2)
cardinal vowels
3) narrow transcription
4) diphthong
5) Illustrate
the term
“
allophone
”
with at least one appropriate
example
6) suprasegmental
le
Choice
Directions: In each question
there are three or four choices. Decide which one
would be the best answer to the question
or to complete the sentence
1) Of the three cavities,
is the most
variable and active in amplifying and modifying
speech sounds
A
nasal cavity
B pharynx cavity
C oral cavity
2) All syllables contain a
A
nucleus
B
coda
C onset
3) A
sound which capable of distinguishing one word or
one shape of word from another in a given language
is a
A allophone
B
phone
C phoneme
4)
is one of the
suprasegmental features
A Stop
B
V
oicing
C
Deletion
D
Tone
5) Narrow transcription is the
phonetic transcription with
A diacritics
B
distinctive features
C
voicing
D articulation
6) Velar
refers to
A larynx
B soft palate
C
alveolar
D pharynx
7) Which of the
following consonants does not exist in English?
A dental stop
B bilabial stop
C alveolar stop
D velar stop
8)
is not a distinctive
feature in English phonology
A Nasality
B Voicing
C Aspiration
D Rounding
9)
is
not an English consonant
A Labio-dental plosive
B Alveolar nasal
C Velar stop
D Dental fricative
10) The
choice of an allophone in a given phonetic context
is
A random
B predictable
C variable
D independent
11) V
oicing of explosives is
a distinctive feature in
A
Chinese
B English
C both Chinese
and English
D neither Chinese nor English
12) Match the sounds under column A
with one or more phonetic properties from column B
as illustrated in the first one
A
B
a. [k]
1. velar
b.
[
?
]
2. nasal
c. [
?
]
3. dental
d.
[
?
]
4. fricative
e. [l]
f
[t]
ess
g.[m]
al
h.[h]
ar
9. plosive
10
glottal
3. Word
Completion
Directions: Fill in the
blanks with the most suitable words
1)
The different
members of a phoneme, sounds which are
phonetically different but do not make one word
different
from another in meaning are
2)
The three
cavities in the articulatory apparatus are
,
, and
3)
Names six places of articulation
according to Fromkin and Rodman
,
,
,
,
,
4)
Name five of English front vowels
,
,
,
,
5)
The sound [p]
can be described with
“
, bilabial, stop
”
6)
In the
production of a
sound, the back of the tongue is raised
so that it touches the soft palate to form a
kind of obstruction
7)
By the
position of the
part of the
tongue, vowels are classified as front vowels,
central vowels and back vowels
8)
,
as
a
principal
suprasegmental
feature,
can
be
defined
as
the
relative
intensity
of
loudness
with
which
a
syllable
is uttered
9)
In
English, the sound [
?
] has
the same phonetic features as the sound [p] except
the feature of
10)
refers to the change of a sound as a
result of the influence of an adjacent sound
11)
The oral
stops in English are
,
,
,
,
, and
12)
When pitch, stress and length
variations are tied to the sentence rather than to
the word, they are collectively known
as
13)
Give the correct English symbol for
each of the following phonenic feature complexes
(1)
+lateral
(2)
+alveolar
+devoice
+velarized =[ ]
+stop
-nasal
=[ ]
(3)
(4)
+front
-high
+back
+high
-tense
-low
=[
]
+tense
+lengthened =[ ]
14)
Word not what type of segments each to
the following feature matrices refers to
A
[+consonantal, +sonorant]
B
[-consonantal, +sonorant,
+approximant]
C
[+consonantal,
+sonorant, -continuant]
D
[+consonantal, -sonorant, +continuant,
+strident]
E
[+consonantal, +sonorant,
+approximant, -lateral]
15.) Work out the distinctive features
of the following vowels and consonants.
[p]
=[
]
[
??
] =[
]
[m]
=[
]
[
?
] =[
]
[
?
] =[
]
16).
“
The categories of
oonsonants are established on the basis of several
factors. The most important of these factors
are : (a) the actual relationship
between the articulators and thus the way in which
the air passes through cenain parts of
the vocal tract, and (b) where in the
vocal tract there is approximation, narrowing or
the obstruction of air. The former is
known as the MANNERS OF ARTICULATION
and the latter as the PLACES OF
ARTICULATION.
”
Your are
required
to fill the blanks below
abiding by the instance given before hand
For example: [p]: voiced bilabial stop
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