-
第八章
各分部分项工程的施工方案
Chapter 8 Construction Scheme of
Subprojects
1
8.1
土建施工方案
8.1 Civil
Engineering Construction Scheme
8.1.1
工程测量
8.1.1 Engineering Surveying
1
）
测量概述
1) Measurement Overview
为满足工
程施工特点，该工程的测量控制网按照
“
从整体到局部，高精度
控
制低精度
”
的原则，由高到低设置三
级控制网，各级控制网相互衔接，统一为整
体系统。
In order to
meet the
characteristics of construction, the survey
control
networks
of
the
project
have
three
levels
from
high
to
low
in
accordance
with
the
principle
“
From
the whole to the part; High precision controls low
precision
”
. Control networks
at all levels should be connected, thus
forming the overall system.
1
、
测量注意事项
1.
Measurement Considerations
建筑物占地面积超大，
这对轴线控制网的布设和投测带来难度，
需要充分利
用高精度电子全站仪进行轴线控制网的布设及细部测量放线，
钢尺作为辅助；<
/p>
轴
线投测时，仪器要架设在建筑物两端，以减少投测误差。
As the buildings occupy a
large area, which brings difficulty to the layout
design
and
measurement
of
the
axis
control
network,
the
electronic
total
station
with
high
precision should be used to lay the
network and do detailed survey with steel rulers
as
assistive devices. When transfer of
building
lines
is conducted,
instruments should be
erected on both ends of the buildings
to minimize measuring errors.
2
、
测量前准备工作
2.
Preparations before measurement
（
1
）
、
测量仪器检定：
本工程使用的所用测量仪器及工具
（包括专业分包的
测量仪器）均应经国家计量单位检校合格并在有效时间之内。
(1)
Measuring
instrument
calibration:
All
measuring
instruments
and
tools
(including those used
in professional subcontracts) should be examined
and calibrated
2
by the national units of
measurement and meet the standards within the
effective time
.
（
2
）
、校核图纸：总图校核，包括建
筑物定位依据及条件；校核建筑图、结
构图、机电图纸是否对应。
(2) Checking drawings: Check the
general drawing,
including
the position basis
and
conditions
of
buildings;
Check
whether
architectural
drawings,
structural
drawings and electrical mechanical
drawings correspond to one another.
（
3
）
、
根据建筑总平面要求，
对规划勘测部门提供的坐标点和水准点进行复
核，确保工程测量的准确性。
(3)
Check
the
coordinate
points
and
benchmarks
given
by
Planning
Survey
department
in
accordance
with
the
requirements
of
the
building
general
layout
and
ensure the accuracy of
engineering surveying.
（
4
）
、施测用辅助材料如标高控制桩油漆、麻
线等提前准备到位。
(4)
Auxiliary
measuring
materials should be prepared
in advance
in place, such
as elevation control pile paint, twine,
etc.
（
5
）
、
测量仪器及人员准备：
成立测
量组组长，
负责整个工程的测量与验线
工作。人员、仪器配置如
下：
(5)
Preparation
of
measuring
instruments
and
personnel:
Appoint
a
team
leader
in
charge
of
the
measurement
and
checking
of
building
lines
of
the
whole
project.
Personnel and
instrument configurations are as follows:
测量组：
Measurement
group:
技术组
3
人，负责编制
测量方案
/
作业指导书，内业管理，收集检查施工测
量数据，控制网及高程网的测设与校核。
Technology
group:
3
persons,
responsible
for
preparing
the
measurement
program
/
work
instructions, doing
interior
management, collecting
and
checking
the
construction
survey
data,
and
measuring
and
checking
the
control
network
and
the
height
net.
放线组
6
人，负责测量放线
。
Group
for
setting
building
lines:
6
persons,
responsible
for
measurement
and
3
setting out.
验线组
3
人，负责测量放线的检查和验收。
Group
for
checking
building
lines:
3
persons,
responsible
for
checking
and
accepting measurement and setting out.
2
）
控制系统的建立
2) The
establishment of the control system
1
、
控制网的分级
1. Grading
of the control network
平面控制网是土建、钢结构、机电安
装、沉降及变形观测施工测量的依据，
也是监理等各检测单位复查的基准。
布网原则：
遵循“从整体到局部，
先控制后
碎部”的原则。
布网要求：
各级平面控制点可靠
、
稳定、
使用方便；
通视条件好，
检校方便，
满足施工精度要求。
由于该工程
量巨大，
而且工况复杂，
因而必须设
置
多级平面控制网，
而且各级控制网之间必须形成有机的整体。
由
此本工程建立
三级平面控制网。
The
horizontal
control
network
is
the
construction
surveying
basis
for
civil
engineering,
steel
structures,
mechanical
and
electrical
installation,
subsidence
and
deformation
observations,
and
it
is
also
the
checking
benchmark
for
the
supervising
unit
and
other
detection
units.
The
principle
for
setting
the
network
is
“
From
the
whole to the part; first control and
then smash each part
”
. The
requirements for setting
the
network
are
as
follows:
horizontal
control
points
at
all
levels
should
be
reliable,
stable
and
easy
to
use;
the
points
should
have
good
intervisibility,
can
be
checked
conveniently and
meet the
construction accuracy requirements. Due to the
large
work
amount
and
complex
working
conditions,
multi-level
horizontal
control
networks
should be set
up
and
networks at
all
levels
must
form an organic
whole.
The project
sets up a three-
level horizontal control network.
(1
）
首级平面控制网
(1)
Horizontal control network at the primary level
首级平面控制网是在业主提供的一级坐标点
< br>（其坐标见下表）
基础上，
根据
建筑物的总平面定位图，建立一个稳定可靠，不受施工影响的施工控制网。
4
The
horizontal
control
network
at
the
primary
level
is
based
on
the
coordinate
points
provided
by
the
proprietor
(see
the
following
table).
In
line
with
the
general
layout
positioning
map,
a
reliable
construction
control
network,
free
from
the
influence of construction, is
established.
该控制网作为首级平面控制网，
它是二级平面控制网建立和复核的唯一依据
,
< br>也是幕墙装修测量、
机电安装测量、
沉降及变形观测的唯
一依据，
在整个工程施
工期间，
必须保
证这个控制网的稳定可靠。
该控制点的设置位置选择在稳定可靠
处，用水泥钢钉打入硬化路面，作为标记，并用红油漆标注。若是未硬化处，要
浇注混凝
土，并设置保护装置。
This
network,
as
the
one
at
the
primary
level,
is
the
only
basis
for
the
establishment of the horizontal control
network at the secondary level, checking work,
the measurement of curtain wall
decoration and mechanical and electrical
installation,
and
the
observation
of
subsidence
and
deformation.
In
the
construction
process,
the
stability
and
reliability
of
the
control
network
must
be
ensured.
So
the
control
point
should be set at a stable and reliable
place. Concrete
nails should be driven
into
the
hardened
road surface as a mark and the place should be
painted red. In the event that
the
place is not hardened, concrete should be poured
and protective devices should be
set.
根据总平面定位图及现场场地实际情况，
我们根据坐标点，
沿着建筑物周围
建立首级平面控制网。<
/p>
依据工程进度定期
（结构施工阶段每月一次）
对该控制网
点进行观测比较，并及时对破坏的控制点进行修复。首级平面控制网如下
图：
In accordance with the
general layout positioning map and the practical
situation
of
the
work
site,
the
horizontal
control
network
at
the
primary
level
should
be
established around the buildings based
on coordinate points. Based on the progress of
the project, observe and compare the
control
network regularly (once
a
month
in
the
construction
period)
and
repair
the
damaged
control
points
timely.
The
horizontal
control network at the primary level is
as shown below in the figure:
(2
）
二级平面控制网
(2) The
horizontal control network at the secondary level
5
二级
平面控制网的布网以首级平面控制网为依据，
布置在施工现场以内相对
< br>可靠处，
用于为受破坏可能性较大的下一级平面控制网的恢复提供基准，
同时也
可直接引用该级平面控制网中的控制点测量。
二级平面控制网应包括建筑物的主
要轴线，并组成封闭图形。
The establishment is based on the
horizontal control network at the primary level.
The
network
at
the
secondary
level
should
be
set
up
at
a
relatively
reliable
place
inside the construction site. It is
used for providing the basis for the restoring
work of
the network at the next level
that is more likely to be damaged. In addition,
the control
points
of
the
network
at
the
secondary
level
can
be
used
directly
for
measurement.
The horizontal
control network at the secondary level should
include the main axes of
buildings and
form a closed figure.
(3
）
三级平面控制网
(3) The
horizontal control network at the third level
本工程办公用房地上
1
～
3
层，拟布设三级平面控制网，三层用激光铅垂仪
“
内控法
”
进行轴线的竖向传递，
1
～
2
层的直接根据二级平面
控制网用
“
外控法
”
< br>。
The
horizontal
control
network at
the third
level
is planned to be
established
in
the offices
on 1~3 floor above ground. On the third floor,
axes are passed vertically by
“
internal control
method
”
using
laser plummet
apparatus. On
the
first and
the second
floors,
“
external
control
method”
is
used
based
on
the
horizontal
control
network
at
the secondary level.
在首层楼板上，
根据施工段平面形状、
结构、<
/p>
面积和施工顺序，
确定每段布
置
2
～
4
个内控点，先施
工的第一流水段点位要多，其他流水段点位可减少，但
要与先施工的轴线进行联测。
所选择的传递点位尽量拉开距离，
以保证测量精度，
并且点位传递上来后，要能通视。
On the
first
floor, 2~4
internal control points should be
made
in each segment
in
accordance
with the plane shape,
structure
and area of the
construction
segment, and
the construction sequence.
The pipeline stage
that
will be
in construction
first
should
have
more point
locations. Other
pipeline
stages should
have
less point
locations but
should
be
measured
with
the
axes
that
will
be
in
construction
first.
The
distance
6
between
delivering
points
selected
should
be
as
much
as
possible
to
ensure
the
accuracy of measurement. The points
delivered should have good
intervisibility
.
(4
）
点位竖向投测
(4)
V
ertical measurement of point locations
点位竖向投测允许误差
Allowable error of vertical measurement
of point locations
项目
每层
总高
H
（
H≤30m
）
Items
Each layer
Overall height H
（
H
≤
30m
）
点位传递上来后，用经纬仪及钢尺放出各轴线。
When points are delivered, draw the
axes with a theodolite and steel rulers.
首先将激光垂准仪安置在已作好的
控制点上，
对中整平后，
仪器发射激光束，
穿过楼板洞口而直射到激光接收靶上，
激光垂准仪操作人员将激光点调至最小最
亮，
转动仪器，
使激光点在接收靶上形成圆
圈，
上面操作接收靶人员见光后移动
接收靶，使靶交点与圆圈中
点重合，此时固定靶位，接收靶中心即控制点位置。
投测时测量人员互相之间用对讲机进
行联络。
First, put
the
laser plummet at the
control points that
have already been
settled.
In the leveling, the
instrument emits a laser beam, passing through
floor openings and
directly
going
to the
laser receiving
target. The
operator of
the
laser
plummet
should
adjust
the
laser point
to the
minimum and
the brightest and
then turn
the
instrument,
thus
making
the
laser
point
forming
circles
on
the
laser
receiving
target.
Once
the
operator
of
the
laser
receiving
target
sees
the
light,
he
moves
the
receiving
target,
makes
the
intersection
coincide
with
the
midpoint
of
the
circle
and
then
fixes
the
receiving
target.
The
center
of
the
receiving
target
is
then
the
control
point.
When
measuring, the
measurement staff should communicate by intercom.
8.1.2
降水工程
7
允许偏差（
mm
）
3
5
Allowable deviation (mm)
3
5
8.1.2
Precipitation engineering
本工程采用建筑物周边挖明渠，场内采用轻井点型降水方式。
In
the
project,
open
channels
should
be
dug
around
buildings.
Light
well
point
precipitation is adopted on the
construction site.
1
、
施工准备
1.
Construction preparations
1.1
施工机具
1.1 Construction equipments
(1)
滤管：
Φ38
-55mm
，壁厚
3.0mm
无缝钢管或镀锌管
,
长
左右，一端
用厚为
4.0mm
钢板焊死，
在此端
1.4m
长范围内，
在管壁上钻
Φ15mm
的小圆孔，孔距为
25mm
，外包两层滤网，滤网采用
编织布，外再包
一层网眼较大的尼龙丝网，每隔
50-60mm
用
1O
号铅丝绑扎一道，
滤管另一端与井点管进行联结。
(1)
Filter tubes:
Φ38
-55mm,
seamless steel tubes or galvanized pipes with a
wall
thickness of 3.0mm and a
length of about 2.0m. One end of the
tubes should be
welded
with
steel plates
with a thickness of 4.0mm.
In the range of 1.4m at this
end, drill
Φ15mm
small round holes in the tube wall. The distance
between holes
is
25mm.
Tubes
should
be
wrapped
by
two
layers
of
strainers
made
of
woven
and
then
be
wrapped
by
one
layer
of
nylon
mesh
with
bigger
meshes.
No.
10
galvanized
wire
is
used to
bind
the tube at
intervals
of 50-60mm.
The other end
of
filter tubes should be connected with well-point
pipes.
(2)
井点管：
Φ38
-55mm
，壁厚为
3.0mm
无缝钢管或镀锌管。
(2) Well-point pipes:
Φ38
-55mm, seamless steel
tubes or galvanized pipes with a
wall
thickness of 3.0mm.
(3)
连接管：透明管或胶皮管与井点管和总管连接，采用
8
< br>号铅丝绑扎，应
扎紧以防漏气。
(3)
Connecting
pipes:
Transparent
tubes
or
rubber
tubes
being
connected
with
well-point pipes and header pipes are
bound by No. 8 galvanized wire to prevent
air leakage.
8
(4)
总管：
Φ75
-102mm
钢管，壁厚为
4mm
，用法兰盘加橡胶垫圈连接，
防
止漏气、漏水。
(4)
Header
pipes:
Φ75
-102mm
steel
tubes
with
a
wall
thickness
of
4mm
being
connected by flanges and rubber washers
to prevent air or water leakage.
(5)
抽水设备：根据设计配备离心
泵、真空泵或射流泵，以及机组配件和水
箱。
(5)
Pumping
equipments:
Provide
a
centrifugal
pump,
a
vacuum
pump
or
a
jet
pump and unit
accessories and water tank in accordance with the
design.
(6)
移动机具：
自制移动式井架
(
< br>采用振冲机架旧设备
)
、
牵引力
为
6t
的绞车。
(6)
Mobile
equipments:
Homemade
mobile
derrick
(use
vibro
rack
old
equipments) and a winch
with the traction of 6t.
(7)
凿孔冲击管：
Φ219×8mm
的钢管，其长度为
10m
。
(7)
Punching shock tubes:
Φ219×8mm
steel tubes with a
length of 10m.
(8)
水枪：
Φ50×5mm
无缝钢管
,
下
端焊接一个
Φ16mm
的枪头喷嘴
,<
/p>
上端弯成大
约直角
,
且伸出冲击管外
,
与高压胶管连接。
(8) Hydraulic
monitors:
Φ50×5mm
seamless
steel
tubes.
A
Φ16mm
head
nozzle
is
welded
at the bottom and the
upper end
is bent
to approximately
right angles and
stretches out the
shock tubes and is connected with the high-
pressure hose.
(9)
蛇形高压胶管：压力应
达到
1.50MPa
以上。
(9) Coiled high-pressure hoses: The
pressure should be above 1.50MPa.
(10)
高压水泵：
100TSW
一
7
高压离心泵，
配备一个
压力表，
作下井管之用。
(10)
High
pressure
water
pumps:
100TSW---7
high
pressure
centrifugal
pu
mps,
equipped
with
a
pressure
gauge
for
downhole
tubes.
1.2
材料
1.2 Materials
粗砂
与豆石，不得采用中砂，严禁使用细砂，以防堵塞滤管网眼。
Coarse sand and pisolite should be
used. No medium sand or fine sand is allowed
to be used to prevent clogging the mesh
of filter tubes.
1.3
技术准备
9
1.3 Technical preparations
(1)
详细查阅工程地质勘察报告，
了解工程地质情况，分析降水过程中可能
出现的技术问题和采取的对策。
(1)
View
the
reports
about
engineering
geological
investigation
in
detail;
learn
about
engineering
geology;
analyze
technical
problems
that
may
occur
in
the
precipitation process and find out
relevant solutions.
(2)
凿孔设备与抽水设备检查。
(2)
Check drilling equipments and pumping equipments.
1.4
平整场地
1.4 Land leveling
为了节省机械施工费用
，
不使用履带式吊车，
采用碎石桩振冲设备的自制简
易车架，
因此场地平整度要高一些，
设备进场前进
行场地平整，
以便于车架在场
地内移动。
To
reduce
mechanical
construction
costs,
crawler
cranes
are
not
used.
The
homemade simple frame of gravel pile
vibro equipment is adopted. Therefore, the site
flatness
should
be
high.
Before
equipments
enter
the
work
site,
the
site
should
be
leveled so that the frame
can move freely within the field.
2
、
操作工艺
2. Technique
process
2.1
井点安装
2.1 Installation of well points
2.1.1
安装程序
2.1.1 Installation program
井
点放线定位
——
安装高位水泵
——
凿孔安装埋设井点管
——
布置安装总
管
——
井点管与总管连接
——
安装抽水设备
——
试抽与检查
——
正式投入降水
程序。
Setting
out
and
positioning
at
well
points---
installing
high
pressure
water
pump---installing
gouges
and
burying
well-point
pipes---arranging
and
installing
header
pipes---connecting
well-
point
pipes
and
header
pipes---installing
pumping
10
equipments---testing
pumping
and
checking---
putting
into
precipitation
process
formally.
2.1.2
井点管埋设
2.1.2 Burying well-point pipes
(1)
根
据建设单位提供测量控制点，测量放线确定井点位置，然后在井位先
挖一个小土坑，
深大约
500mm
，
以便于冲击孔时集水，
埋管时灌砂，
并用水沟将小坑与集水坑
连接，以便于排泄多余水。井点管深度取
6m
，井管间距取
1m
。
(1)
Settle measurements and setting-out route and well
points in accordance with
the control
points provided by the construction unit. Then dig
a small hole with a
depth of about
500mm so as to collect water when the hole is
impacted and to fill
sand when pipes
are laid. Connect the hole with sump pits by a
ditch to drain off
excess
water.
The
depth
for
laying
well-
point
pipes
is
6m
and
the
distance
between pipes is 1m.
(2)
用绞车将简易井架移到井点位
置，将套管水枪对准井点位置，启动高压
水泵，水压控制在
O.
4-0.8Mpa
，在水枪高压水射流冲击下套管开始
下沉，并
不断地升降套管与水枪。一般含砂的粘土，按经验，套管
落距在
1000mm
之内。在射水与套管冲切作用下，大约在
10-1
5min
时间之内，井点管可下沉
1Om
左右，若遇到较厚的纯粘土时，沉管
时间要延长，此时可采取增加高压水泵的压力，以
达到加速沉管的
速度。冲击孔的成孔直径应达到
300-350
mm
，保证管壁与井点管之
间有一定间隙，以便于填充砂石，冲
孔深度应比滤管设计安置深度
低
500mm
以上，以防止冲击套管提升拔出时部分土塌落，并使滤管
底部存有足够的砂石。
(2)
Use
a
winch
to
move
the
simple
derrick
to
well
points.
Adjust
the
casing
hydraulic
monitor
right
to
the
well
point.
Start
the
high
pressure
water
pump.
Control
the
water
pressure
in
0.4~0.8Mpa.
Under
the
impact
of
high
pressure
water jet, drivepipes begin
to sink and drivepipes and
the
hydraulic
monitor
are
lifted
ceaselessly
.
Based
on
experience,
in
the
general
sandy
clay
,
the
drop
11
distance of drivepipes is
within 1000mm. Under the punching impact of water
jet
and
drivepipes,
well-point
pipes
can
sink
about
10m
in
10~15minutes.
If
pipes
are buried
in thicker pure clay
, the
time will
be
longer. In this case,
the
pressure
of
the
high
pressure
water
pump
can
be
increased
so
that
the
sinking
speed
of
pipes
can
go
up.
The
drilling
diameter
of
impingement
holes
should
be
300~350mm. There
must be
gaps between the tube
wall
and well-point pipes to
fill
sand and gravel. Impingement
holes should be
installed
above 500mm
lower
than
filter tubes in order to prevent some soil slumps
when drivepipes are pushed
upwards and
to
make
sure
that
there
is
enough sand and
gravel at the bottom of
filter tubes.
凿孔
冲击管上下移动时应保持垂直，
这样才能使井点降水井壁保持垂直，
若
在凿孔时遇到较大的石块和砖块，
会出现倾斜现象，
此时成孔的直径也应尽量保
持上下一致。
Punching shock tubes should keep
vertical when they
move
up
and down so that
the sidewalls of well
points dewatering can also keep
vertical. If there are big stones
or
bricks
in
the
process
of
punching,
the
tubes
will
tilt
a
little
and
in
this
case
the
diameter should stay in
the same vertical line as the upper holes.
井孔冲击成型后，
应拔出冲击管，
通过单滑轮，
用绳索拉起井点管插入，
井
点管的上端应用木
塞塞住，
以防砂石或其他杂物进入，
并在井点管与孔壁之间填<
/p>
灌砂石滤层，
该砂石滤层的填充质量直接影响轻型井点降水的效果
，
应注意以下
几点：
When
a
borehole
is
shaped,
shock
tubes
should
be
pulled
out.
And
then
well-point
pipes
should
be
lifted
by
using
a
single-sheaved
block
and
a
rope
and
be
inserted
in the borehole.
The
upper end of well-point
pipes
should be plugged with a
cork
to
avoid
sand,
gravel
or
other
stuff
getting
into
the
pipes.
A
sand
filter
layer
should be
made between
well-point pipes and
walls
of
holes.
The
filling quality can
directly
influence
the
effect
of
light
well
point
precipitation.
The
following
points
need to be paid attention to.
1)
砂石必须采用粗砂，以防止堵塞滤管的网眼。
12
1)
Coarse
sand
should
be
used
so
as
to
prevent
the
clogging
of
the
mesh
of
the
filter tube.
2)
<
/p>
滤管应放置在井孔的中间，
砂石滤层的厚度应在
< br>60-1OOmm
之间，
以提
高
透水性，并防止土粒渗入滤管堵塞滤管的网眼，填砂厚度要均匀，速
度要快，填砂中途不
得中断，以防孔壁塌土。
2) Filter tubes
should be placed in the middle of boreholes. The
thickness of sand
filter
layer
is
60~100mm
to
improve
water
permeability
and
prevent
soil
particles
from
penetrating
the
filter
tubes
and
clogging
the
mesh.
The
sand
thickness should be in uniform. The
sand filling should be quick and shall not be
interrupted in the middle to prevent
hole walls from collapsing.
3)
滤砂层的填充高度，
至少要超过滤管顶以上
1000-1800m
，<
/p>
一般应填至原
地下水位线以上，以保证土层水流上下畅通。
3) The packing height of the
filter sand layer should be at least 1000-1800m
high
above
the
top
of
filter
tubes.
Ordinarily,
the
layer
should
be
filled
till
the
underground
water
level
to
ensure
that
soil
water
can
flow
smoothly
up
and
down.
4)
< br>井点填砂后，井口以下
1.0-1.5m
用粘土封口压实
，防止漏气而降低降水
效果。
4)
After sand
filling
at
well points, seal the place 1.0~1.5m
below
the
wellhead
with
clay
and
then
compact
the
clay
to
prevent
air
leakage
thus
reducing
precipitation
effects.
2.1.3
冲洗井管
2.1.3 Washing well pipes
将
Φ15
-30mm
的胶管插入井点管底部进
行注水清洗，直到流出清水为止，
应逐根进行清洗，避免出现
“
死井
“
。
Insert
Φ15
-30mm
rubber tubes
into the bottom of well-
point pipes. Inject
water
and
clean
pipes
till
clear
water
flows
out.
Pipes
should
be
cleaned
one
by
one
and
“
dead
wells
”
should be avoided.
2.1.4
管路安装
13
2.1.4 Pipeline installation
首先沿井点管线外侧，
铺设集水毛管，
并用胶垫螺栓把干管连接
起来，
主干
管连接水箱水泵，然后拔掉井点管上端的木塞，用胶
管与主管连接好，再用
10#
铅丝绑好，
防止管路不严、
漏气，
而降低整个管路的真空度。
主管路的流水坡度
按坡向泵房
5‰
的坡度并用砖将主干管垫好。并作好冬季降水防冻、保温。
First,
lay catchment
hollow billets along the well-point
pipes and connect
main
pipes
with pad bolts. Connect main pipes and water tanks
and pumps. Unplug the cork
at
the
upper
end
of
well-point
pipes.
Connect
rubber
tubes
and
main
pipes.
Tie
the
connecting
point
with
10#
galvanized
wire
to
prevent
air
leakage
from
reducing
the
vacuum degree of the overall pipeline.
The water gradient of the main pipeline should
be
5‰
of the
degree between the slope and the pump room. Use
bricks to
make
main
pipes
in
place
and
do
freeze
protection
and
insulation
work
during
the
winter
precipitation.
2.1.5
检查管路
2.1.5 Checking pipelines
检查集
水干管与井点管连接的胶管的各个接头，在试抽水时是否有漏气现
象，
< br>发现这种情况应重新连接或用油腻子堵塞，
重新拧紧法兰盘螺栓和胶管的铅
丝，
直至不漏气为止。
在正式运转抽水之前必
须进行试抽，
以检查抽水设备运转
是否正常，
< br>管路是否存在漏气现象。
在水泵进水管上安装一个真空表，
在水泵的
出水管上，
安装一个压力表。
为了观测降水深度，
是否达到施工组织设计所要求
的降水深度
，
在基坑中心设置一个观测井点，
以便于通过观测井点测量水位
，
并
描绘出降水曲线。
Check
every
joint
of
rubber
tubes
connecting
catchment
main
pipes
and
well-point
pipes.
Pay
attention
to
water
leakage
in
pumping.
Once
there
is
leakage,
reconnect the tube or plug
it with oil putty
, or
tighten
flange bolts and the
galvanized
wire till
there
is
no
air
leakage.
Before
the pump
is put
in
use
formally,
it
has
to be
tested to check whether
it
is
in normal
operation or whether there
is air
leakage
in the
pipeline. Install
a
vacuum
mater at the
water
inlet of pumps and a
pressure
meter
at
the
outlet.
Set
up
a
well
point
for
observation
in
the
center
of
the
foundation
pit
to
14
check
whether
the
precipitation
depth
is
up
to
the
requirements
of
the
construction
organization
design and to depict the precipitation curve.
在试抽时，应检查整个管网的真空度，应达到
550mmHg(73.3
3KPa)
，方可
进行正式投入抽水。
Before testing pumps, check
the
vacuum degree
of the
entire pipe
network.
The
vacuum degree should reach 550
mmHg
(73.33KPa) and then
the pumps
can be put
into use.
2.2
抽水
2.2 Pumping water
轻型井点管网全部安装
完毕后，
进行试抽。
当抽水设备运转一切正常后，
整
个抽水管路无漏气现象，
可以投入正常抽水作业。
开机一个星期后，
将形成地下
降水漏斗
，并趋向稳定，土方工程可在降水
10d
后开挖。
When
light well point
pipe
network
is
installed, begin to test pumping.
Pumping
equipments
can
be
put
into
normal
pumping
operations
unless
they
work
normally
and
there
is
no
air
leakage.
A
week
after
startup
of
machines,
underground
precipitation
funnel
will
be
formed
and
it
will
become
more
and
more
stable.
Earthwork can be conducted 10 days
after precipitation.
3
、
质量标准
3. Quality
standards
3.1
井点管间距、埋设深度应符合设计
要求，一组井点管和接头中心，应保
持在一条直线上。
3.1
Well-point
pipe
spacing
and
the
burying
depth
should
meet
the
design
requirements. A group
of well-point points and the center of joints
should be kept in a
straight line.
3.2
井点埋设应无严重漏气、淤塞
、出水不畅或死井等情况。
3.2
Well
points
buried
should
have
no
serious
air
leakage,
blockage,
poor
drainage or dead wells, etc.
3.3
埋入地下的井点管及井点联接总管，均应除锈并刷防锈漆一道；各焊接
口处焊渣应凿掉，并刷防锈漆一道。
15
3.3 Well-point
pipes and well-point connecting
main
pipes buried
in the
ground
should
have
rust
removal
and
be
coated
with
antirusting
paint.
Welding
slag
at
welding joints needs to be chiseled
away and then be coated with antirusting paint.
3.4
各组井点系统的真空度应保持在
55
.3-66.7kPa
，压力应保持在
0.16Mpa
。
3.4
The
vacuum
degree
of
well
point
systems
should
be
maintained
at
55.3-66.7kPa, the pressure at 0.16Mpa.
4
、成品保护
4
．
Finished
product protection
4.1
井点成孔后，
应立即下井点管并填入豆石滤料，以防塌孔。不能及时下
井点管时，孔口应盖盖板，防止
物件掉入井孔内堵孔。
4.1 Once a
borehole of a well point
is
formed,
well-point pipes
should be put
in
and
pisolite filter materials should be filled in to
prevent the borehole from collapsing.
If well-point pipes cannot be put
in timely
, the borehole
should be covered to
prevent
objects falling in and plugging the
hole.
4.2
井点管埋设后，管口要用木塞堵住，以防异
物掉入管内堵塞。
4.2 When well-point
pipes are buried,
nozzles should be
blocked
with a cork to
prevent foreign objects falling into
pipes and causing blockage.
4.3
< br>井点使用应保持连续抽水，并设备用电源，以避免泥渣沉淀淤管。
4.3
Continuous
pumping
should
be
ensured
at
well
points
and
a
power
supply
should be provided in order to avoid
sediment that may block pipes.
4.4
冬期施工，井点联结总管上要覆盖保温材料，或回填
30cm
厚以上干松
土，以防冻坏管道。
4.4
During
winter,
well-point
connecting
main
pipes
should
be
covered
with
thermal insulation materials or dry
soil with a thickness of more than 30cm to prevent
frozen pipes.
5
、应注意的质量问题
5. Quality problems that need to be
noticed
5.1
土方挖掘运输车道不设置井点，这并不
影响整体降水效果。
5.1
There
is
no
well
point
on
the
earthwork
excavation
transporter
road.
This
16
does not
influence the overall precipitation effects.
5.2
在正式开工前，由电工及时办理用电手续，保证在抽水期间不停电。
因
为抽水应连续进行，特别是开始抽水阶段，时停时抽，井点管的滤网易于阻塞，
出水混浊，
同时由于中途长时间停止抽水，
造
成地下水位上升，
会引起土方边坡
塌方等事故。
5.2
Before
the
construction
is
officially
started,
the
electrician
should
handle
electricity
consumption procedures timely to ensure the power
supply during pumping.
Pumping
should
be
continuous,
especially
in
the
beginning.
If
pumping
is
not
continuous,
filter
screens
of
well-point
pipes
can
be
easily
blocked.
Besides,
water
will
be
turbid.
If
pumping
is
stopped
for
a
long
time,
the
ground
water
level
will
increase, which may cause accidents,
like earthwork slope landslides etc.
5.
3
轻型井点降水应经常进行检查，其出水规律应
“
先大后小，先混后清
”
。
若
出现异常情况应及时进行检查。
5.3 Check
light well point precipitation
regularly.
The regular pattern should
be
“
from big to small and
from
turbid to
clear
”
. If
the
pattern
is
not
like this, check
light
well point precipitation in time.
5.4
在抽水过程中，应经常检查和
调节离心泵的出水阀门以控制流水量，当
地下水位降到所要求的水位后，
减少出水阀门的出水量，
尽量使抽吸与排水保持
均匀，
达到细水长流。
5.4
In
the
process
of
pumping,
check
and
adjust
outlet
valves
of
centrifugal
pumps to control
water
flow. When the
ground
water
level decreases to the required
level, the person
in charge
should
reduce
the
water
flow of outlet
valves and keep a
balance
between pumping and dewatering.
5.5
真空度是轻型井点降水能否顺利进行降水的主要技术指数，现场设专人
经常观测，
若抽水过程中发现真空度不足，
应立即检查整个抽水系统有无漏气环
节，并应及时排除。
5.5 The vacuum degree
is the
main technology
index of
whether
light well point
precipitation
can
work
well.
So
a
designated
person
should
observe
the
vacuum
degree
constantly.
If
the
vacuum
degree
is
not
up
to
standard,
the
person
should
17
immediately
check whether there is any air leakage in the
pumping system. Get rid of
air leakage
if any
.
5.6
在抽水过程中
，特别是开始抽水时，应检查有无井点管淤塞的死井，可
通过管内水流声、管子表面是否
潮湿等方法进行检查。如
“
死井
”
数量超过
10%
，
则严重影响降水效果，应及时采取措施，采用高压水反复冲洗处理。
5.6 In the process of pumping,
especially
in the beginning, check
whether there
is
any
dead
well
with
blocked
well-point
pipes
by
listening
to
the
running
water,
observing
the
pipe
surface
whether
it
is
wet
or
not,
etc.
If
the
percentage
of
“
dead
wells
”
exceeds
10%,
the precipitation effects will be
greatly
influenced. In
this
case,
relative
measures
should
be
taken,
for
example,
washing
pipes
with
high
pressure
water.
5
.7
在打井点之前应勘测现场，
采用洛阳铲凿孔，
若发现场内表层有旧基础、
隐性墓地应及早处理。
5.7
Do
site
survey
before
drilling
wells
point.
Use
Luoyang
shovel
to
punch
holes.
If
there
is
old
foundation
or
a
hidden
cemetery
on
the
site,
this
should
be
addressed as early as possible.
5.8
如粘土层较厚，沉管速度会较慢，如超过常规沉管时间时，可采取增大<
/p>
水泵压力，大约在
1.O-1.4Mpa
，但不要超过
1.5Mpa
。
5.8
If
the
clay
layer
is
thick,
tube
sinking
speed
may
be
slow.
When
the
time
exceeds
the
conventional
time
limit,
increase
the
pump
pressure
by
1.0-1.4Mpa
but
not beyond 1.5Mpa.
5.9
主干管应按本交底做好流水坡度，流向水泵方向。
5.9 Main pipes should have the water
slope leading water to pumps.
5.10
如在冬季施工，应做好主干管保温，防止受冻。
5.10
If
the
construction
is
in
winter,
do
the
thermal
insulation
of
main
pipes
to
prevent freezing.
5.11
基坑周围上部应挖好水沟，防止雨水流入基坑。
5.11
Dig
ditches
around
the
top
of
the
foundation
pit
to
prevent
the
inflow
of
rainwater.
18
5.12
井点位置应距坑边
2-2.5m
，以防止井点设置影响边坑土坡
的稳定性。
水泵抽出的水应按施工方案设置的明沟排出，
离基坑
越远越好，
以防止地表水渗
下回流，影响降水效果。
5.12 Well points should be 2-2.5
away from the foundation pit so that the setting
of well points will not influence the
stability of earth slopes around the foundation
pit.
Water pumped out should be
discharged by open trenches designed in the
construction
scheme. Open trenches
should be as
far as possible
away
from
the
foundation pit to
avoid the
reflux of surface water, which may influence the
precipitation effects.
5.13
如
场地粘土层较厚，
这将影响降水效果，
因为粘土的透水性能差，
上层
水不易渗透下去，
采取套管和水枪
在井点轴线范围之外打孔，
用埋设井点管相同
成孔作业方法，<
/p>
井内填满粗砂，
形成二至三排砂桩，
使地
层中上下水贯通。
在抽
水过程中，
由于
下部抽水，
上层水由于重力作用和抽水产生的负压，
上层水系很
容易漏下去，将水抽走。
5.13
Thick
clay
layer
on
the
site
may
influence
the
precipitation
effects
for
its
poor
performance
of
permeability
.
The
upper
water
cannot
penetrate
easily.
Use
drivepipes and
hydraulic
monitors
to drill
holes beyond
the range of
well point axes.
Use the
same boring
method as burying
well-point pipes. Fill
wells
with coarse sand.
Form
two
or
three
sand
piles.
Link
upper
water
to
lower
water
in
stratum.
In
the
pumping
process, because of the pumping of
the
lower water,
the upper water
system
is
very
easy
to
drain
down
and
pump
away
water
due
to
the
gravity
and
negative
pressure of pumping.
6
、质量记录
6. Quality records
6.1
井点管施工记录。
6.1 Construction records of well-point
pipes.
6.2
井点降水记录。
6.2 Records of the well-point
precipitation
7
、安全标准
7. Safety standards
19
7.1
冲
、钻孔机操作时应安放平稳，防止机具突然倾倒或钻具下落，造成人
员伤亡或设备损坏。
7.1 When punching and
drilling machines are in operation, they should be
placed
steadily
to
prevent
machines
from
toppling
over
or
falling
down
suddenly,
causing
casualties or
damages to the machines.
7.2
已成孔尚未下井点前，井孔应用盖板封严，以免掉土或发生人员安全事
故。
7.2 Before boreholes are put
in
use, they
should be covered with cover plates to
prevent soil or personnel safety
incidents.
7.3
各机电设备应由专人看管，电气
必须一机一闸。严格接地、接零和安漏
电保护器，水泵和部件检修时必须切断电源，严禁
带电作业。
7.3 All mechanical and
electrical equipments shall be supervised by the
caretaker.
Each electrical
machine
should
have a switch.
Complete
ground connection
and
zero
connection
and
install
leakage
prevention
devices.
When
pumps
or
components
are
examined
and
repaired,
the
power
should
be
turned
off.
Live
working
is
strictly
prohibited.
8
、环保措施
8. Environmental measures
8.
1
做好井点降水出水的处理与综合利用，保护环境节约用水。
8.1
Dispose
well
point
dewatering
effluent
and
make
appropriate
use
so
as
to
protect the environment and save water.
8.1.3
钢丝网细石混凝土护坡
8.1.3 Steel mesh fine aggregate
concrete slab revetments
根据现场基坑支护基本情况，基
坑上部
3m
深度内采用
1
：
25
放坡开挖。坡
面及坡
顶外
1. 0
米范围内挂
φ6@300
×
300
钢筋网片，
钢筋网片上、
下、
左、
右搭
接<
/p>
200mm
。坡面及坡顶喷射
60mm<
/p>
厚
C20
细石混凝土。
< br>
Based on the basic situation of
foundation pit support on the site, the
upper 3m
depth of
the
foundation pit
uses 1:25 cut slope.
φ6@300×
300
reinforcing steel
mesh
should
be
hung
on
the
slope
and
within
the
range
of
1.0m
from
the
top.
The
upper,
20
lower, left and
right sides of the reinforcing steel mesh should
overlap 200mmm. C20
fine aggregate
concrete with a thickness of 60mm should be
sprayed on the slope and
the top.
1
、
施工方法
1.
Construction method
挖土
—
第一层
-
修边坡
—
挂网
—
固定
—
喷混凝土
-
重复上述工序到设计底标
高
Excavation---
building
side
slopes
on
the
first
floor---hanging
net---
fixing---
spraying concrete
---repeating the above process to design bottom
elevation
（
1
）
挖土
（
1<
/p>
）
Excavation
基坑进行分层开挖，随开挖随在设计高度范围内施工钢丝网细石混凝土护
坡
，并注意避免同一作业面内交叉施工。
The
construction
method
of
foundation
pits
is
layered
excavation.
While
excavating, build
steel
mesh
fine
aggregate concrete
slab revetments
in
the designed
height range. Avoid cross construction
within the same work surface.
（
2
）
修边坡
（
2
）
Building side slopes
根据现场暗浜位置，首先确定深基坑放样尺寸，沿线挖出一条
20
宽的工作
断面，然后进行人工修整。
Based on the location of blind ditches
on the site, first determine the size of deep
foundation
pits
and
then
dig
a
work
section
with
a
width
of
20m
along
the
line
and
trim it manually.
（
3
）
铺设钢丝网并固定
（
3
）
Lay
and fix the steel mesh
采用
φ6@
300×300
钢筋网片，使用前应调平，与坡面空隙不小于
2
0mm
，并
采用钢筋打入土中固定，固定点可采用梅花形布置，
间距不大于
1200mm
，钢丝
网翻出
基坑边坡外宽度不小于
1500mm
。上下层钢筋搭接
200mm
，用铅丝绑扎，
纵向钢筋插入土中<
/p>
200mm
，
与下一层钢筋搭接，
并在土钉头上绑焊一根长
150mm
21
的
Φ12
钢筋，压住横向加强筋。
φ6@300×300
reinforcing
steel
mesh
is
used.
Before
using
the
mesh,
level
it
till
the
gap between
the slope
and the
mesh
is
not
less
than 20mm. Use steel t
fix
it
into
the
soil.
Fixed
points
can
be
quincuncial.
The
spacing
should
be
not
more
than
1200mm.
the
width
of
the
reinforcing
steel
mesh
outside
the
side
slope
of
the
foundation pit should be
not
less than 1500mm. Steel
bars of
the upper and the
lower
layers
overlap
200mm
and
are
bound
with
galvanized
wire.
Longitudinal
steel
bars
are
inserted
into the soil 200mm, overlapping
with steel bars of the next
layer.
A
Φ12
steel bar
with a
length of 150mm
is
bound and
welded on the soil
nail
head, pressing
the transverse stiffeners.
（
4
）
喷砼
（
4<
/p>
）
Shotcrete
喷射砼采用干喷
法，使用
32.5#
水泥、中粗砂和直径
10
—
15mm
的碎石，干
料的配合比根据设计要求的
C20
强度配置，掺
速凝剂，掺量为水泥的
4%
。砼干
料至
少拌合三次。
喷射机开机顺序为：
送风
—
送水
—
送料，
关机顺序反之。
可一
次喷砼
10cm
，保证钢筋保护层不小于
20mm
。喷
射时喷头应与作业面垂直，喷
头至作业面距离为
0.6
—
1.0m
，喷射顺序由下至上运动，回料不得
再用。要及时
清理喷射机。
Dry
shotcrete
is
adopted.
32.5
#
cement,
coarse
sand
and
10-15mm
gravel
with
the
diameter of 10-15mm are used. The mix proportion
of these materials should be in
accordance with C20 intensity of the
design requirements. Accelerating agent is doped
and
the
amount
is
4%
of
that
of
the
cement.
The
concrete
dry
materials
should
be
mixed
at
least
three times.
The boot sequence of the
injection
machine should be
as
follows:
air
supply---bottled
water---
feeding.
The
shutdown
sequence
is
feeding
---bottled
water--- air supply.
The
machine can spray 10cm concrete each
time. Make
sure that the protective
layer of steel bars
is
not
less than 20mm. When
spraying, the
nozzle should
be perpendicular to the working face with a
distance of 0.6
—
1.0m. The
spraying
order
is
from
bottom
to
top.
Recycled
materials
cannot
be
used
the
second
time. Injection
machines should be cleaned timely
.
22
2
、
工程质量保证措施
2.
Assurance measures of the project quality
（
1
）
钢材、水泥、砂石聊要有产品合格证，要有质保书，不符合质量要
求
的材料在施工中不准使用。
（
1
）
Steel, cement and gravel
shall have product certificates and warranty
books.
Materials that are not up to
standards cannot be used in the
construction.
（
2
）
钢筋网制作的规格、形状、尺寸、数量、间距、锚固长度、接头位
置
、保护层厚度必须符合要求和施工规范的规定。
（
2
）
The
specifications,
shape,
size,
number,
spacing,
anchorage
length,
joint
positions,
thickness
of
the
protective
layer
of
the
reinforcing
steel
mesh
must
comply
with the requirements and regulations of
construction specifications.
（
3
）钢筋
、骨架绑扎、缺扣、松扣不超过应绑扎数的
10%
，且不应集中。
钢筋弯钩的朝向正确，
绑扎必需符合
施工规范的规定，
驳接长度不小于规定
值。
（
3
）
Steel bars,
framework binding,
missing buckles and
loose
buckles
should
not
exceed
10%
of
the
binding
number
and
should
not
be
focused.
The
orientation of steel bar
hook should be correct.
Binding should comply with
the
regulations of
construction specifications. Lap
length
should not be
less
than the
specified value.
（
4
）钢筋焊接要点焊牢固，连成整体。
(4) Spot welding of steel bars should
be
firm and steel bars should be
connected
as a whole.
（
5
）喷射混凝土前要清理喷面，埋设好控制喷射层厚度的标志；确保设计<
/p>
厚度，喷射混凝土终凝后
2h
，应喷水养
护；并至少
7d
内始终保持其表面湿润。
措施，确保边坡稳定。
(5) Before
spraying concrete, clean the spraying surface and
bury flags to control
the
jet
thickness.
Ensure
the
design
thickness
and
water
conservation
2h
after
spraying
concrete.
Make
sure
that
the
surface
is
wet
at
least
in
7days.
Take
measures to ensure the stability of
side slopes.
23
（
6
）做好边坡沉降观测及周围环境检
查，若有明显滑坡征兆，要立即回填
压坡，采取有效加固措施后再重新开挖。
(6)
Observe
settlement
of
side
slopes
and
check
the
surroundings.
If
there
are
obvious
signs
of
landslides,
immediately
backfill
the
slope,
take
effective
reinforcement
measures and then re-excavate.
（
7
）加强与挖土施工的配合。
(7) Strengthen the cooperation with
excavation construction.
3
、基坑监测与维护
3. Excavation monitoring and
maintenance
1
）
、
基坑设计方案对监测要求：
应根据设计及相关规范要求由第三方进行
基
坑监测，
按监测方案要求设置水平位移、
沉降观察，
同时对场地内已施工的工程
桩应进行监控。
若遇到下列情况之一时，
应立即报警，
若情
况比较严重，
应立即
停止施工，对支护结构采取应急措施。
1)
Monitoring
requirements
of
the
design
scheme
of
foundation
pits:
In
accordance
with
the design and specification
requirements, the third party should be
responsible
for
the
following:
monitoring
the
foundation
pit,
setting
horizontal
displacement
and
observing
settlement
according
to
requirements
of
the
monitoring
program,
and
monitoring
engineering
piles
under
construction
on
the
site.
If
one
of
the
following
happens,
the party should call
the
police. If the
situation
is
serious,
the
party
should
immediately
stop
the
construction
and
take
emergency
measures
about
the supporting structures.
a
、
沉
降及位移量超过预警值。
a. The settlement and displacement
amount exceed the warning value.
支护结构水平
位移速度三天＞
3mm/d
，且不能收敛。或累计位移（沉降）
大
于
50mm
时。
The
horizontal
displacement
speed
of
supporting
structures
in
three
days
is
>
3mm
/
d,
and
cannot
be
slowed.
Or
cumulative
displacement
(settlement)
is
larger
than 50mm.
b
、
基坑底
部或周围土体出现可能导致剪切破坏的现象或其它可能影响
24
安全的征兆（如、涌土、隆起、陷
落等）
。
b. The
bottom or surrounding soil of the
foundation pit
may
lead to shear
failure
or other unsafe signs (soil boiling,
uplifting, subsidence, etc.).
c
、根据经验判断已出现其它必须加强监测的情况。
c. Based on experience, monitoring
should be strengthened.
⑧基坑施工时严格按设计方案及《
建筑基坑支护技术规范》
（
JGJ120-99
）等
有关规范规程的要求执行。
⑧
The construction of
foundation pits
should
comply
with
the
requirements
of
relevant
norms,
for
example,
the
design
scheme
and
Technical
Specifications
in
Building Foundation Pit
Supports
(JGJ120-99) etc.
<
/p>
2
）
、基坑监测与维护
< br>
2) Excavation monitoring and
maintenance
基坑检测将由业主委托有资质的第三方对基坑进行全方位的监
测，
监测内容
要有基坑顶水平位移、
地
面沉降、
周围建筑物外观记录和沉降等，
通过监测取得
数据，指导基坑施工安全。具体监测方法由检测单位提供。
The
qualified
third
party
commissioned
by
the
proprietor
is
responsible
for
excavation
monitoring,
including
monitoring
the
top
horizontal
displacement,
land
subsidence,
surrounding
buildings
appearance
and
settlement,
etc.
The
party
obtains
data
through
monitoring
and
use
data
to
ensure
the
safe
construction
of
foundation
pits. Specific
monitoring methods are provided by the detection
unit.
当坡顶位移和地面沉降超出设计要求或安全临界线时，说明基坑变形不正<
/p>
常，
应引起警觉，
检测及时分析变形存在
的原因及采取应付措施，
如偏差值有加
大趋势时，
应及时提出抢险措施，
从技术、
人员、
管理、
物资等为抢险提供保证。
When
the
top
horizontal
displacement
and
land
subsidence
exceed
the
design
requirements
or
the
safety
critical
line,
which
shows
that
the
deformation
of
foundation
pits
is
not
normal,
the
construction
unit
should
raise
the
alarm,
monitor,
analyze
potential
reasons
and
take
measures.
If
the
deviation
value
increases,
emergency
measures
should
be
put
forward
providing
guarantee
in
technology
,
personnel, management, supplies, etc.
25
3
、
项目部将做好抢险对策。
3.
The Project Department should make emergency
countermeasures.
当基坑支护位移超出业主和设计允许值时，
监测单位应及时向我项目部、
设
计单位、
监理单位、
业主反映并采取措施，
其包括立
即停止坑底施工，
采用砂包
反压，
疏导
人群等等，
制订补强加固措施，
排除险情，
如施工现场必须储备不少
于
100
个的尼龙袋。
When
the
displacement
of
foundation
pit
supports
exceeds
the
allo
wable
value
given
by
the
proprietor
and
the
design
scheme,
the
monitoring
unit
should
timely
inform
the Project
Department, Design
Unit, Supervision
unit and the proprietor, take
relevant
measures,
including
immediately stopping
the
construction at the bottom of
foundation
pits,
using
sand
bags
to
give
backpressure,
dispersing
crowd,
etc.,
formulate
reinforcement
measures to eliminate dangerous cases.
For
instance, ensure
that
there are not fewer than 100 nylon bags on the
construction site.
4
、
基坑维护与安全
4.
Foundation Pit maintenance and safety
①
基坑周边应设置护栏，护栏采用钢管搭设。
①
Use steel pipes
to make guardrails around foundation pits.
②
加强对
坑面截水沟和坑底集水沟、井的维护和清理，避免雨水进入基坑
和能够迅速排走地下水。
②
Strengthen
the
maintenance
and
cleaning
of
pit
drainage
ditches,
gullies
at
the
bottom and wells.
Avoid rainwater
flowing
into
foundation pits. Make sure t
quickly drain away groundwater.
③
当坑面、边披出现裂缝应立即用水
泥砂填补封塞，以免雨水渗入。
③
When
there are
cracks on the pitted surface or side
slopes,
fill and block
the
cracks with cement sand to prevent
rainwater infiltrating.
④
搭设钢管便梯，供施工人员上下。
④
Build a steel
pipe ladder for constructors.
8.1.4
混凝土工程
8.1.4
Concrete work
1)
模板工程
26
1) Formwork
engineering
1
、
模板工程概况
1.
Formwork engineering overview
本工程土建部分为框
架结构和设备基础。混凝土工程量大，截面形式多样，
我们本着技术先进，经济合理
,
确保质量的原则，针对不同的截面形式选用与之
< br>合适的模版，做到保证质量的前提下加快进度。
Civil
engineering
of
the
project
uses
the
frame
structure
and
equipment
foundation.
The
work
amount
of
concrete
project
is
large
and
cross
sections
have
many
forms. We adopt
different
formworks
for
different cross sections
in accordance
with
the principle of
advanced technology, reasonable costs and
good quality so as to
increase the construction speed in the
premise of guaranteeing quality.
模板选型
Formwork
selection
本工程部分设备基础等构件采用砖胎膜，框架构件采用覆膜胶合木
模板，
50×
100mm
木枋，
Φ48×3.5
钢管支撑。各部位模板体系设计选型如下：
Some
construction
members
of
the
equipment
foundation
use
brick
fetal
membrane.
The
frame
members
use
film-covered
laminated
wood
formwork,
supported by 50×
100mm
wood brace and
Φ48×3.5
steel
pipes.
The design selection
of formwork system of each part is as
follows:
部位
模板设计
示意图
采用砖胎模，用
MU7.5
灰砂砖
M5
水泥
砂浆砌
承
台
筑。
厚度根据开挖深度
H
及
地
确定，
H
＜
600mm<
/p>
时砖
梁
模
胎
模
120mm
厚
；
高
板
120
0mm
＞
h≥600mm
时，
墙厚
240mm.
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