CPIM之细部排程及规划(DSP)大纲术语翻译

）未

兑现的仓库申请；

2

）分配供应不足的物料的过程。同义词：

assignment

。参见：

reservation

。

Alternate routing

替代工艺路线

A

routing,

usually

less

preferred

than

the

primary

routing,

but

resulting

in

an

identical

item.

Alternate

routings

may

be

maintained

in

the

computer

or off-line via manual methods, but the computer software must be able

to accept alternate routings for specific jobs.

但是能生产出同样的产品。

替代 工艺路线可以在计算机中维护

或被手工离线。但是计算机软件必须能够接受指定工作的替 代工艺路线。

Availability

可用性、可用率、实用性

The percentage of time that a worker or machine is capable of working.

The formula is

Availability = (S - B)*100% / S

Where S is the scheduled time and B is the downtime.

工人或机器可用的工作时间的百分比。公式为

可用率＝

(

计划时间

–

停工时间

)*100% /

计划时间

Budgeted capacity

预算产能

The volume/mix of throughput on which financial budgets were set and

overhead/burden absorption rates established.

在财务上设定的产出 的量

/

种类或制造管理费用

/

负荷吸收率。

Buffer management

缓冲管理

In

the

theory

of

constraints,

a

process

in

which

all

expediting

in

a

shop

is

driven

by

what

is

scheduled

to

be

in

the

buffers

(constraint,

shipping,

and

assembly

buffers).

By

expediting

this

material

into

the

buffers,

the

system helps avoid idleness at the constraint and missed customer due

dates. In addition, the causes of items missing from the buffer are

identified, and the frequency of occurrence is used to prioritize

improvement activities.

在约束理论中，

所有的派遣工作都进入一个缓冲区

（约束、

发运、

组装件缓冲）

。

通过派遣这些物料进入缓冲区，

系统能帮助你避免约束产生的空闲和 错过客户的

交期。另外，在缓冲区能够发现丢失物料的原因，有利于改善生产活动。

Buffer stock

缓冲库存

Syn: safety stock.

就是安全库存

By- product

副产品

A material of value produced as a residual of or incidental to the

production

process.

The

ratio

of

by- product

to

primary

product

is

usually

predictable. By- products may be recycled, sold as is, or used for other

purposes. See: co-product.

生产过程中剩下的或附带产生的物料或价值。

副产品与主产品的比率通常是可 预

知的。副产品可以被回收、出卖、作其他用途。参见：

co- product

。

Calculated capacity

计算产能

Syn: rated capacity.

就是额定产能。

Capacity available

可用能力

The capability of a system or resource to produce a quantity of output

in a particular time period. Syn: available capacity. See: capacity.

系统或资源在一个特定时间里输出的能力。

同义词：

available

capacity

。

capacity

。

Capacity control

产能控制

The process of measuring production output and comparing it with the

capacity

plan,

determining

if

the

variance

exceeds

preestablished

limits,

and

taking

corrective

action

to

get

back

on

plan

if

the

limits

are

exceeded.

See: input/output control.

测 量生产输出并将其与能力计划比较的过程，

以决定它们的差异是否超过了预设

/

输出

控制。

Decentralized inventory control

分散库存控制

Inventory decision making exercised at each stocking location for SKUs

at that location.

每处单品的库存点自行做库存决策。

Decoupling inventory

保险性库存、分离库存

An amount of inventory kept between entities in a manufacturing or

distribution

network

to

create

independence

between

processes

or

entities.

The objective of decoupling inventory is to disconnect the rate of use

from the rate of supply of the item. See: buffer.

在制造的实体之间或分销网络之间保留的库存 ，

用于建立流程与流程之间或实体

与实体之间的独立性。目的是 分割物料供应率与物料使用率之间的联系。参见：

缓冲。

Decoupling points

分离点

The locations in the product structure or distribution network where

inventory

is

placed

to

create

independence

between

processes

or

entities.

Selection of decoupling points is a strategic decision that determines

customer lead times and inventory investment. See: control points.

在产品结构或分销网络中库存的位置点，

以此创建流程与流程之间或实体与实体

之间的独立性。

选择分离点是战略决策，

能决定客户的提前期和库存投资。

参见：

控制点。

Dedicated capacity

专用能力

A work center that is designated to produce a single item or a limited

number of similar items. Equipment that is dedicated may be special

equipment or may be grouped general- purpose equipment committed to a

composite part.

用于生产单个物料或一定数 量的相似物料的工作中心。

设备是专用的，

可能是指

Drum-buffer-rope (DBR)

鼓

缓冲

-

绳法

In the theory of constraints, the generalized process used to manage

resources to maximize throughput. The drum is the rate or pace of

production set by the system's constraint. The buffers establish the

protection

against

uncertainty

so

that

the

system

can

maximize

throughput.

The rope is a communication process from the constraint to the gating

operation that checks or limits material released into the system to

support

the

constraint.

See:

finite

scheduling,

synchronized

production.

在约束理论中，

是一个管理资源、

最大化输出 的总的流程。

鼓点是系统约束设置

的生产率或步调。

这样，

系统才 能最大化输

出。

绳子是从约束到闸道操作的沟通流程，

能检查或限制下达到系统的物料以支

持约束。参见：有限排程、同步生产 。

Affectivity date

生效日

同义词：

effective date

。

Engineer-to- order

按流程设计

Products

whose

customer

specifications

require

unique

engineering

design,

significant customization, or new purchased materials. Each customer

order results in a unique set of part numbers, bills of material, and

routings. Syn: design-to-order.

客户指定对产品的规格，

需要单独的流程涉及、

客户化 程度高、

或者就是新产品。

每个客户订单都需要单独设置物料号 、物料清单、工艺路线。同义词：

design-to- order

。

Excess capacity

过剩能力

A situation where the output capabilities at a nonconstraint resource

exceed the amount of productive and protective capacity required to

achieve

a

given

level

of

throughput

at

the

constraint.

See:

idle

capacity,

productive capacity, protective capacity.

在一个非约束资源环境里，

输出的能力超 过约束要求的生产能力和保护能力。

参

见：闲置能力、生产能力 、保护能力。

First in, fist out (FIFO)

先进先出

A method of inventory valuation for accounting purposes. The accounting

assumption

is

that

the

oldest

inventory

(first

in)

is

the

first

to

be

used

(first out), but there is no necessary relationship with the actual

physical

movement

of specific

items.

See: first-come-first-served

rule,

average cost system. < /p>

用于核算的库存评估方法。

核算假设最早的库存要先用掉。

但是，

这与实际的指

定物料的物理移动没有必 然的联系。参见：

first-come-first-served rule,

average cost system

。

Flexibility

柔性

1) The ability of the manufacturing system to respond quickly, in terms

of range and time, to external or internal changes. Six different

categories of flexibility can be considered: mix flexibility, design

changeover flexibility, modification flexibility, volume flexibility,

rerouting

flexibility,

and

material

flexibility

(see

each

term

for

a

more

detailed discussion). In addition, flexibility involves concerns of

product flexibility. Flexibility can be useful in coping with various

types of uncertainty (regarding mix, volume, and so on). 2) The ability

of

a

supply

chain

to

mitigate,

or

neutralize,

the

risks

of

demand

forecast

variability, supply continuity variability, cycle time plus lead-time

uncertainty, and transit time plus customs-clearance time uncertainty

during periods of increasing or diminishing volume.

1

）制造系统对外 部和内部的变化在范围和时间上的快速反应的能力。

6

种柔性< /p>

类别：种类柔性、设计换模柔性、修改柔性、量柔性、重设工艺路线柔性、物料

6

个词在

API CS

词典中都有具体的解释）。另外，柔性还考虑到产品柔

性。 在应对各种不确定性（种类、量等）时柔性很有用。

2

）在增加 或降低产品

量的过程中，供应链减轻、抵消需求预测的变化、连续供应的变化、周期加上 提

前期的不确定性、运输时间加上报关时间的不确定性的风险的能力。

< br>

Forward flow scheduling

正排

A procedure for building process train schedules that starts with the

first

stage

and

proceeds

sequentially

through

the

process

structure

until

the last stage is scheduled.

流程是从第一阶段开始排，按顺序排到最后一阶段。

Gateway work center

闸道工作中心

A work center that performs the first operation of a particular routing

sequence.

在一个特别的工艺路线顺序里，执行第一道工序的工作中心。

Idle capacity

闲置能力

The capacity generally not used in a system of linked resources. From a

theory of constraints perspective, idle capacity consists of protective

capacity

and

excess

capacity.

See:

excess

capacity,

productive

capacity,

protective capacity.

通常是链接的资源的系统不用的能力。

根 据约束理论，

闲置能力由保护能力和过

剩能力组成。参见：过剩 能力、生产能力、保护能力。

Idle time

闲置时间

The time when operators or resources (e.g., machines) are not producing

product

because

of

setup,

maintenance,

lack

of

material,

lack

of

tooling,

or lack of scheduling.

由于准备、

维修 、

缺物料、

缺工具、

缺排程，而导致的 操作员或资源

（如：

机器）

不进行产品 生产的时间。

Inventory accounting

存货核算

The branch of accounting dealing with valuing inventory. Inventory may

be recorded or valued using either a perpetual or a periodic system. A

perpetual inventory record is updated frequently or in real time, while

a

periodic

inventory

record

is

counted

or

measured

at

fixed

time

intervals,

e.g., every two weeks or monthly. Inventory valuation methods of LIFO,

FIFO, or average costs are used with either recording system.

核算库存价值。

可用永续库存或周期库存记录库存或评估库存价值。

永续库存记

录要定期更新或实时更新。周期库存是在固定的时间间隔里进行计算，如：每

2

周或每月。库存评估法有后进先出、先进先出、平均成本。

Inventory buffer

库存缓冲

Inventory

used

to

protect

the

throughput

of

an

operation

or

the

schedule

against the negative effects caused by delays in delivery, quality

problems, delivery of incorrect quantity, and so on. Syn: inventory

cushion. See: fluctuation inventory, safety stock.

用于保护工序的输出、

或由于交 付延迟、

质量问题、

数量交付错误等导致的计划

排期。同义词：

inventory cushion

存货准备。参见：波动库存、安全库存。

Inventory investment

库存投资

The dollars that are in all levels of inventory.

在库存各个阶段的钱。

Inventory policy

库存政策

A statement of a company's goals and approach to the management of

inventories.

公司对于库存管理的目标和方法的一个描述。

Joint replenishment

联合补货

Coordinating

the

lot

sizing

and

order

release

decision

for

related

items

and

treating

them

as

a

family

of

items.

The

objective

is

to

achieve

lower

costs because of ordering, setup, shipping, and quantity discount

economies.

This

term

applies

equally

to

joint

ordering

(family

contracts)

and to composite part (group technology) fabrication scheduling. Syn:

joint replenishment system.

协调相关物料的批量和订单下达，

把他们视为一个产品族。

< br>目的是因为订单准备、

发运、数量折扣等因素能实现更低的成本。这个术语应用于 联合订单

（产品族

合同）和组合部件 （产品组技术）排期。同义词：联合补货系统。

Last in, first out (LIFO)

后进先出

A method of inventory valuation for accounting purposes. The accounting

assumption is that the most recently received (last in) is the first to

be

used

or

sold

(first

out)

for

costing

purposes,

but

there

is

no

necessary

relationship with the actual physical movement of specific items. See:

average cost systems.

核 算用的库存评估方法。考虑成本因素，核算假定最后接收的最先使用或售出。

但是它和指 定物料的实际物理移动没有必然的联系。参见：平均成本系统。

Load profile

负荷表

A

display

of

future

capacity

requirements

based

on

released

and/or

planned

orders over a given span of time. Syn: load projection. See: capacity

requirements plan.

基于给定时间段的下 达订单和

/

或计划订单，

列出未来需要 的能力。

同义词：

load

proj ection

。参见：

CRP

。

Load projection

负荷表

Syn: load profile.

同义词：

load profile

。

Lot sizing

批量大小

The process of, or techniques used in, determining lot size. See: order

policy.

决定批量大小的流程或技术。参见：订单政策。

Lot splitting

批次拆分

Dividing

a

lot

into

two

or

more

sublots

and

simultaneously

processing

each

sublot

on

identical

(or

very

similar)

facilities

as

separate

lots,

usually

to compress lead time or to expedite a small quantity. Syn: operation

splitting.

将

1

个批次分为

2

个或更多的 子批次，

同时将每个子批次在同一个

（或非常一致

的）

设备上加工成独立的批次。

这样做通常能压缩提 前期、

或迅速完成小数量的

任务。同义词：作业拆分。

Low-level code

低位码

A

number

that

identifies

the

lowest

level

in

any

bill

of

material

at

which

a particular component appears. Net requirements for a given component

are

not

calculated

until

all

the

gross

requirements

have

been

calculated

down

to

that

level.

Low-level

codes

are

normally

calculated

and

maintained

automatically by the computer software. Syn: explosion level.

计算净需求。低位码通常由计算机软件自动计算和维护。同义词：展开级。

Machine center

机器中心