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中考英语短文填空题(12选10)解题技巧Alex

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2021-02-06 10:26
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2021年2月6日发(作者:外衣)


中考英语短文填空题(


12


< br>10


)答题指导



一、短文填空题型说明



短文填空也叫 综合填空,


其特点是将一篇短文中的若干个词抽出后,


要求考生 根据短文的意


思,在每个空格中填上一个词,使短文意思完整正确。它是测试同学们理解 能力及对词汇、


语法和习惯用法等的掌握情况的一种形式。


这是 中考中一个比较难的项目。


其原因是考点不


明确:凡涉及英文的 理解、词汇、语法和习惯用法的都可以考。内容更是包罗万象:天文地


理、历史人文、科 技发展、旅游广告等。要求同学们在读通、读懂的基础上,填出符合内容


和语法的词或词 组。


凡是课文中学到的词汇和语法都是考试的范围,


各种介词、


副词和习惯


用法也会经常考到。


尤其对 于长句子,特别要注意其结构,要精确地分析句子成分。在做综


合填空时,


要养成快速阅读全文的习惯。


句子读得越快越长,


理 解的精度就越高。


根据其难


度的不同又分为选词填空题、限词填 空题和自由填空题。



二、短文填空解题思路



1.


跳过空格,通读短文,了解大意。解题时先跳过空格,通读完形填空的短文,了解全篇


的内容和要旨。


要重视首句,


善于以首句的时态 、


语气为立足点,


理清文脉,


推测全文 时态、


主题及大意。



2.


复读短文,确定语义,判断词形。把握短文大意后再认真复读短文,利用上下文的语境,


结合所学过的知识,


先确定空格处所需词语的意义,

再根据空格在句子中的位置,


判断其在


句中充当的成分,< /p>


从而确定所填词的词性,


再依据词语搭配和语法规则,

< p>
判断所填的词的正


确形式。



3.


三读短文,上下参照,验证答案。在短文的空白处分别填 上一个词后,将完成的短文再


细读一遍,上下参照,连贯思考。可从上、下文内容是否协 调一致、顺理成章,语法结构是


否正确无误等进行综合验证,凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑 。



三、做短文填空题的注意之处



1.


语义完整、适用是做好填词的前提,要从全文的内容出发 ,前后上下联系起来考虑,避


免“只见树木,不见森林”的错误。



2.


要善于从文中同样结构或类似结构中寻找线索,从中 得到提示和启发,帮助确定应填词


的词性和词形,这样可避免想当然地随意乱填。



3.


填词时应注意词形,不可简单地都填 原形词。若空格内填的是名词,要考虑其单复数形


式;若填的是形容词或副词,则要考虑 其是否属于比较等级;


如若填的是动词,则要特别注


意考虑其时 态和语态。如在句首,还要考虑其首字母的大写。



4.


有些空格需要填入介词、连词等,除考虑上下文的内容外,还要考虑和其他词的固定搭


配及其习惯用法。



5.

< br>选词填空题和限词填空题一般只有一个答案,


自由填空题虽然可能允许有多个正确 答案,


但只能选择其中一个填入,因为完形填空题每个空格只准填写一个单词,多填反而 出错。




【答题要诀】



结构形态和语意,英语 答题三利器;结构入手觅逻辑,形态暗示更容易,最后


一点别忘记,语意通顺才可以。< /p>




1


注释:



1.


抓住文章结构,抓首


+


跳身


+


扫尾,弄清文章大意及组织结构。



2.


理清句子结构,语义关系,包括词汇的搭配关系。


< br>3.


注意同现复现法则——词汇同现(复现)


+


结构同现(复现),近反义词复现


或上下义词复现。


4.


注意词的形态,


实词富于形 态变化,必须以合理的形态出现在句子中





★附录:《英语词尾变化的规律》



你发现了吗?英语词法的全部内容基本上都是在讲单词的



词尾



变化。比如:



-s / -es


:加在名词的尾部表示名词的复数形式。



-ed






加在动词的尾部,构成动词的过去式或


V-ed


(过去分词)书写形式。



-ing




加在动词的尾部,构成动词的


V-ing


(现在分词或动名词 )书写形式。



-er




加在形容词、副词的尾部,构成它们的比较级形式。



-est




加在形容词、副词的尾部,构成它们的最高级形式。



只要你能记住这些词尾变化规则,


你就学会了英语词法。


然而英语单词有那么多的词尾,



么记住它们那么多的 变化呢?尤其是怎么记住那么多



特殊情况


的处理办法呢?



快步英语的语 法大表里把这些特殊情况的处理办法归纳为


5


句口诀,


只要你记住了这


5


句口


诀,就可以处理各种词尾向题,它们是


:


1. e


元去



e



2. y



i



直连、


3. y



e



元音直连、


4. y



e



辅音改


y



5.


元辅重读双写。



下面举例解释以上< /p>


5


句口诀:



1. e


元去


e


:以不发音的


e


结尾的单词接元音字母开头的词尾

< p>
(-ed -ing -er -est)



,< /p>


要去掉


e


后再加词尾。如:



live



-ing




living









love



-ing




loving



save



-ing




saving







give



-ing




giving



take



-ing




taking








unite




-ed




united



safe



-er




safer








write




-er



writer


bake



-er





baker








late



-est




latest



2. y



i


直连:以


y

< p>
结尾的单词连接以


i


开头的词尾(


-ing


)时,直接相连。如:



study



-ing




studying






play



-ing




playing


fly



-ing




flying








try




-ing




trying


stay



-ing




staying





delay



-ing




delaying


3. y



e


元音直连:



y


结尾的单词连接以


e


开头的词尾时,



y


前为元音时


,


直接相连。


如:



play



-ed




played







play



-er





player



stay



-ed




stayed







delay



-ed





delayed


4. y



e


辅音改


y:



y

结尾的单词连接以


e


开头的词尾时,当

y


前为辅音时、


y



i


。如:



study



-es



studies









study



-ed




studied


happy



-er



happier








early



-est




earliest


hobby



-es



hobbies








fly



-ed




flied


carry



-ed



carried









dry



-ed




dried


5.


元辅重读双写:以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾的单 词,当结尾重读且后接元音字


母开头的词尾时,将单词尾辅音字母双写。比如:



begin


为一个元音字母

< br>i


和一个辅音字母


n


结尾的单词 ,


而且单词的重音在结尾,


加词尾


-i ng



,


就要把

n


双写,变成


beginning


。再比如:




2


put



-ing




putting





sad



-er



sadder



fit



-ed




fitted


fit






-er



fitter



sit



-ing



sitting








hit



-er



hitter



stop



-ed



stopped







regret


-ed




regretted



为什么会有这条规定呢?就是为了不产生太大的发音变形。比如当单词


put


需要连接词尾


-ing



,


若直接连成


putting,

其发音就变成了


pu-ting


,pu


[pju:]


的音


,

< p>
这与


put


的发音相差太大


,


容易造成听不懂


,


为此把


t


双写


,


这样单词就发 成了


put-ting


,


< p>
put


差别不大


,


就容易 听懂了。



比如当单词


big


需要连接词尾


-er



,


若直接将


-er


连接在

< p>
big



,


其发音就成了


bi-ger


,bi



[bai



的音


,

< p>
这与


big


的发音相差太大


,


不容易听懂


,


因此就将

< p>
g


双写


,


其发音就是


big-ger


,


这样就与


big


的发音相差不大


,


就容 易听懂了。英语词尾变化的特殊情况均是为发音所考虑的


,


学习 者若能


细心发音体验


,


就可以明白其中 的道理


,


并从根本上记住这些繁多的



特殊处理






【实战练习】



1


Pass use open close with


break help so other another pleasant do




American people like to say “Thank you” whenever others __________ them or say


something kind to them. People of many countries do __________, too. It is a very good


habit(


习惯


).




You should say “thank you” when someone __________ you the salt on the table, when


someone walking ahead of you keeps the door ________ for you, when someone says you


have _________ your work well, or you have bought a nice thing, or your city is very


beautiful. “Thank you” is _________ not only between friends, but also between parents


and children, brothers and sisters, husbands and wives. “Excuse me” is _________ short


sentence they use. When you hear someone say so behind you, you know that somebody


wants to walk past you _______ touching you.



It’s not polite to ________ others while they are talking. If you want to speak to one of


them, say “Excuse me” first, and then begin talking. You should also do so when you want


to cough or make any ________ noise before others.



Let’s all learn to say “Thank you” and “Excuse me”.



2


Snow rain become get


from lose write put


in


care wet


dry


Once Einstein(


爱因斯坦


) was waiting for a friend on a bridge. While waiting, he became


___________ in thought (


陷入沉思


). It began _________. The rain kept on for some time.


When Einstein _________ out a piece of paper ________ his pocket __________


something down, the paper was __________ and then he knew that it was raining. His


clothes _________wet from the rain. But after he _________ the paper into his pocket, he


again forgot he was standing ________ the rain.


Many scientists are careless about how they live. That is because they are too ________ in


their studies.


3


Ask like for cut


soon


have


pass past why meet


if


agree



3


A barber(


理发师


) was working when a tall man came in with a boy of about ten after him.


The barber was _________ to give him a shave(


刮脸


) and the child a haircut(


理发


)


After the man had his shave, he told the barber that he would ________ to go down the


street _______ a drink while the barber _________ the boy’s hair. The man also promised


the boy that he would be back _________.


It took the barber long to give the boy a haircut. Another half an hour _________ and the


boy was still kept waiting. In the end the barber asked the boy _________ his father was


away so long.


The small boy told the barber that the man was not his father at all. He said he


____________him in the street and was asked ________ he would like to have a haircut.


He ____________ and followed the man here for a haircut.


4


Quick food much when kitchen so


such send bring still surprise many


Many years ago, an English family were living in China. One evening an important Chinese


officer ca


me to visit them. It got later and later, and he _______ didn’t go, so the


hostess(


女主人


) invited him to have dinner with them. But she had very little _________


in the house, so she ________went to the kitchen and spoke to her Chinese cook. He said,


“It is



all right. You will have a very good dinner.”



_________ they all sat down to eat, the lady was very __________ because there was


________very good food on the table.


After the dinner, the hostess ran to the ________ and said to the cook, “How do you made


______ a good meal in half an hour?”



“I didn’t make it, madam,” he said, “I ________ one of the servants(


仆人


) to the Chinese


officer’s house, and he ________ back the Chinese officer’s dinner.”



5


Third long arrive still now to


pass begin


after


something hour other


Bob was tired of waiting for his sister’s plane to _________. The plane should have come at


half _______ three P.M. and now, seven _________later, Bob was _________ waiting.


There had been ________times for him to hear the explanation(


解释


) why the plane was


late from the loudspeaker. _________ the first time, Bob had ________ to eat. The second


time he _________ to walk in the airport(


飞机场


) from one end to ________. By the third


time hewas tired and hungry. “How


________ will this g


o on?” Bob said to himself.



6


Big call without more little in


house out come weather just window


Before windows were used , old ________ in Europe(


欧洲


) and Britain were very dark.


There great rooms were high _________ only one hole on the roof (


房顶


) to let the smoke


__________from cooking fire. Later, people began to make the holes _________ to have


more light and air in their homes.


The first English window was _________ a small opening in the wall. It was cut long to let


in as _______ light as possible, and narrow(


狭窄


) to keep out the bad _________. But


more wind than light would _________ in if the window was cut long. This is why it was



4


_________ “The wind’s eye”. And the word “___________” comes from two ancient(


古代



) words for “wind” and “eye”.



7


While many know hear in


each empty both care across before safe


Every day some people are killed while they are crossing the road. _________ of these


people are old people and children. Old people are often killed because they can’t see o


r


________ very well.


Children are often killed because they are not _________. They forget to look and listen


before they ___________ the road.


A car or a bus can’t stop if it is going very fast, it will travel many metres _________it stops.


Some people d


on’t always understand this. They think a car can stop _________ a few


metres. It is difficult to _________ how fast a car moving. The only way to cross the roads


_________ is to look ________ways, right and left. Then if the roads are ________, you


can cross them.


8


Good slow study must


strong play watch say return mean need hard


What is best way to study? This is a very important question. Some students often study


very ________ for long hours. This is a ______ habit(


习惯


), but itis not a better way to


study. A good student ________ have enough sleep,


enough food, enough rest. Every


day you ________ to take a walk or _________ basketball or table tennis or sing


songs. When you _________ to your studies, you will find yourself ________than before


and you’ll learn more.



Perhaps we can ________ that learning English is like taking Chinese medicine. We


_________that like Chinese medicine, the effects(


效果


) of your study come _______ but


surely. Learn every day and effects will come just like Chinese medicine.


9


They, careful, be, fact, take, would, other, stand, what , decide


I am eighteen years old this year. I ___1__ a pupil before and now I’m a university student.


My mother was my first teacher when I was very little. Then, I had three __2__ teachers in


different schools. Now Miss Williams is one of my university teachers.


I have never expected that I will be a teacher one day. I am a shy girl and I am afraid of


__3__ before many people. I do not know __4__ to say. But I will be a teacher tomorrow!


Tomorrow morning!


I made this __5__ just two weeks ago. Miss Williams, my English teacher, told me there was


a teacher job, just for two weeks in this summer. She asked if I __6__ be interested. I


wanted to make some money, so I said ”yes” to her . At on


ce I regretted but it was too late


to __7__ my word back.


There are about twenty foreign boys and girls in the class. They know very little English. I


have__8__ read the book that Williams gave me. Four of the lessons are very simple, in


__9__ too simple. I do not know what to do with these few simple words and sentences. I


will read the lesson to them, and ask them to read after me, and then ask them to read


it___10__. That will be about ten minutes. What shall I do next?



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