-
中考英语短文填空题(
12
选
< br>10
)答题指导
一、短文填空题型说明
短文填空也叫
综合填空,
其特点是将一篇短文中的若干个词抽出后,
要求考生
根据短文的意
思,在每个空格中填上一个词,使短文意思完整正确。它是测试同学们理解
能力及对词汇、
语法和习惯用法等的掌握情况的一种形式。
这是
中考中一个比较难的项目。
其原因是考点不
明确:凡涉及英文的
理解、词汇、语法和习惯用法的都可以考。内容更是包罗万象:天文地
理、历史人文、科
技发展、旅游广告等。要求同学们在读通、读懂的基础上,填出符合内容
和语法的词或词
组。
凡是课文中学到的词汇和语法都是考试的范围,
各种介词、
副词和习惯
用法也会经常考到。
尤其对
于长句子,特别要注意其结构,要精确地分析句子成分。在做综
合填空时,
要养成快速阅读全文的习惯。
句子读得越快越长,
理
解的精度就越高。
根据其难
度的不同又分为选词填空题、限词填
空题和自由填空题。
二、短文填空解题思路
1.
跳过空格,通读短文,了解大意。解题时先跳过空格,通读完形填空的短文,了解全篇
的内容和要旨。
要重视首句,
善于以首句的时态
、
语气为立足点,
理清文脉,
推测全文
时态、
主题及大意。
2.
复读短文,确定语义,判断词形。把握短文大意后再认真复读短文,利用上下文的语境,
结合所学过的知识,
先确定空格处所需词语的意义,
再根据空格在句子中的位置,
判断其在
句中充当的成分,<
/p>
从而确定所填词的词性,
再依据词语搭配和语法规则,
判断所填的词的正
确形式。
3.
三读短文,上下参照,验证答案。在短文的空白处分别填
上一个词后,将完成的短文再
细读一遍,上下参照,连贯思考。可从上、下文内容是否协
调一致、顺理成章,语法结构是
否正确无误等进行综合验证,凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑
。
三、做短文填空题的注意之处
1.
语义完整、适用是做好填词的前提,要从全文的内容出发
,前后上下联系起来考虑,避
免“只见树木,不见森林”的错误。
2.
要善于从文中同样结构或类似结构中寻找线索,从中
得到提示和启发,帮助确定应填词
的词性和词形,这样可避免想当然地随意乱填。
3.
填词时应注意词形,不可简单地都填
原形词。若空格内填的是名词,要考虑其单复数形
式;若填的是形容词或副词,则要考虑
其是否属于比较等级;
如若填的是动词,则要特别注
意考虑其时
态和语态。如在句首,还要考虑其首字母的大写。
4.
p>
有些空格需要填入介词、连词等,除考虑上下文的内容外,还要考虑和其他词的固定搭
配及其习惯用法。
5.
< br>选词填空题和限词填空题一般只有一个答案,
自由填空题虽然可能允许有多个正确
答案,
但只能选择其中一个填入,因为完形填空题每个空格只准填写一个单词,多填反而
出错。
【答题要诀】
结构形态和语意,英语
答题三利器;结构入手觅逻辑,形态暗示更容易,最后
一点别忘记,语意通顺才可以。<
/p>
1
注释:
1.
抓住文章结构,抓首
+
跳身
+
扫尾,弄清文章大意及组织结构。
2.
理清句子结构,语义关系,包括词汇的搭配关系。
< br>3.
注意同现复现法则——词汇同现(复现)
+
结构同现(复现),近反义词复现
或上下义词复现。
4.
注意词的形态,
实词富于形
态变化,必须以合理的形态出现在句子中
。
★附录:《英语词尾变化的规律》
你发现了吗?英语词法的全部内容基本上都是在讲单词的
“
p>
词尾
”
变化。比如:
-s / -es
:加在名词的尾部表示名词的复数形式。
-ed
:
加在动词的尾部,构成动词的过去式或
V-ed
(过去分词)书写形式。
-ing
:
加在动词的尾部,构成动词的
V-ing
(现在分词或动名词
)书写形式。
-er
:
加在形容词、副词的尾部,构成它们的比较级形式。
-est
:
加在形容词、副词的尾部,构成它们的最高级形式。
只要你能记住这些词尾变化规则,
你就学会了英语词法。
然而英语单词有那么多的词尾,
怎
么记住它们那么多的
变化呢?尤其是怎么记住那么多
“
特殊情况
”
的处理办法呢?
快步英语的语
法大表里把这些特殊情况的处理办法归纳为
5
句口诀,
只要你记住了这
5
句口
诀,就可以处理各种词尾向题,它们是
:
1. e
元去
e
、
2.
y
、
i
直连、
3.
y
、
e
元音直连、
4.
y
、
e
辅音改
y
、
5.
元辅重读双写。
下面举例解释以上<
/p>
5
句口诀:
1. e
元去
e
:以不发音的
e
结尾的单词接元音字母开头的词尾
(-ed -ing -er -est)
时
,<
/p>
要去掉
e
后再加词尾。如:
live
加
-ing
变
living
love
加
-ing
变
loving
save
加
-ing
变
saving
give
加
-ing
变
giving
take
加
-ing
变
taking
unite
加
-ed
变
united
safe
加
-er
变
safer
write
加
-er
变
writer
bake
加
-er
变
baker
late
加
-est
变
latest
2. y
、
i
直连:以
y
结尾的单词连接以
i
开头的词尾(
-ing
)时,直接相连。如:
study
加
-ing
为
studying
play
加
-ing
为
playing
fly
加
-ing
为
flying
try
加
-ing
为
trying
stay
加
-ing
为
staying
delay
加
-ing
为
delaying
3. y
、
e
元音直连:
以
y
结尾的单词连接以
p>
e
开头的词尾时,
当
y
前为元音时
,
直接相连。
如:
play
加
-ed
为
played
play
加
-er
为
player
stay
加
-ed
为
stayed
delay
加
-ed
为
delayed
4. y
、
e
辅音改
y:
以
y
结尾的单词连接以
e
开头的词尾时,当
y
前为辅音时、
y
改
i
。如:
study
加
-es
为
studies
study
加
-ed
为
studied
happy
加
-er
为
happier
early
加
-est
为
earliest
hobby
加
-es
为
hobbies
fly
加
-ed
为
flied
carry
加
-ed
为
carried
dry
加
-ed
为
dried
5.
元辅重读双写:以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾的单
词,当结尾重读且后接元音字
母开头的词尾时,将单词尾辅音字母双写。比如:
begin
为一个元音字母
< br>i
和一个辅音字母
n
结尾的单词
,
而且单词的重音在结尾,
加词尾
-i
ng
时
,
就要把
n
双写,变成
beginning
。再比如:
2
put
加
-ing
成
putting
sad
加
-er
成
sadder
fit
加
-ed
成
fitted
fit
加
-er
成
fitter
sit
加
-ing
成
sitting
hit
加
-er
成
hitter
stop
加
-ed
成
stopped
regret
加
-ed
成
regretted
为什么会有这条规定呢?就是为了不产生太大的发音变形。比如当单词
put
需要连接词尾
-ing
时
,
若直接连成
putting,
其发音就变成了
pu-ting
,pu
发
[pju:]
的音
,
这与
put
的发音相差太大
,
容易造成听不懂
,
为此把
t
双写
,
这样单词就发
成了
put-ting
,
与
put
差别不大
,
就容易
听懂了。
再
比如当单词
big
需要连接词尾
-er
时
,
若直接将
-er
连接在
big
后
,
其发音就成了
bi-ger
,bi
发
[bai
]
的音
,
这与
big
的发音相差太大
,
不容易听懂
,
因此就将
g
双写
,
其发音就是
p>
big-ger
,
这样就与
big
的发音相差不大
,
就容
易听懂了。英语词尾变化的特殊情况均是为发音所考虑的
,
学习
者若能
细心发音体验
,
就可以明白其中
的道理
,
并从根本上记住这些繁多的
“
特殊处理
”
。
【实战练习】
1
Pass use open close
with
break help so other another
pleasant do
American people like to say “Thank you”
whenever others __________ them or say
something kind to them. People of many
countries do __________, too. It is a very good
habit(
习惯
).
You should
say “thank you” when someone __________ you the
salt on the table, when
someone walking
ahead of you keeps the door ________ for you, when
someone says you
have _________ your
work well, or you have bought a nice thing, or
your city is very
beautiful. “Thank
you” is _________ not only between friends, but
also between parents
and children,
brothers and sisters, husbands and wives. “Excuse
me” is _________ short
sentence they
use. When you hear someone say so behind you, you
know that somebody
wants to walk past
you _______ touching you.
It’s not polite to ________ others
while they are talking. If you want to speak to
one of
them, say “Excuse me” first, and
then begin talking. You should also do so when you
want
to cough or make any ________
noise before others.
Let’s
all learn to say “Thank you” and “Excuse
me”.
2
Snow rain
become get
from lose write put
in
care wet
dry
Once
Einstein(
爱因斯坦
) was waiting
for a friend on a bridge. While waiting, he became
___________ in thought
(
陷入沉思
). It began _________.
The rain kept on for some time.
When
Einstein _________ out a piece of paper ________
his pocket __________
something down,
the paper was __________ and then he knew that it
was raining. His
clothes _________wet
from the rain. But after he _________ the paper
into his pocket, he
again forgot he was
standing ________ the rain.
Many
scientists are careless about how they live. That
is because they are too ________ in
their studies.
3
Ask like for cut
soon
have
pass past why
meet
if
agree
3
A barber(
理发师
) was working when a tall
man came in with a boy of about ten after him.
The barber was _________ to give him a
shave(
刮脸
) and the child a
haircut(
理发
)
After the man had his shave, he told the barber
that he would ________ to go down the
street _______ a drink while the barber
_________ the boy’s hair. The man also promised
the boy that he would be back
_________.
It took the barber long to
give the boy a haircut. Another half an hour
_________ and the
boy was still kept
waiting. In the end the barber asked the boy
_________ his father was
away so long.
The small boy told the barber that
the man was not his father at all. He said he
____________him in the street and was
asked ________ he would like to have a haircut.
He ____________ and followed the man
here for a haircut.
4
Quick
food much when kitchen so
such
send bring still surprise many
Many years ago, an English family were living in
China. One evening an important Chinese
officer ca
me to visit them.
It got later and later, and he _______ didn’t go,
so the
hostess(
女主人
) invited him to have
dinner with them. But she had very little
_________
in the house, so she
________went to the kitchen and spoke to her
Chinese cook. He said,
“It
is
all right. You will have
a very good dinner.”
_________ they all sat down to eat, the
lady was very __________ because there was
________very good food on the table.
After the dinner, the hostess ran to
the ________ and said to the cook, “How do you
made
______ a good meal in half an
hour?”
“I didn’t make it,
madam,” he said, “I ________ one of the servants(
仆人
) to the Chinese
officer’s house, and he ________ back
the Chinese officer’s dinner.”
5
Third long arrive still
now to
pass begin
after
something hour other
Bob was tired of waiting for his
sister’s plane to _________. The plane should have
come at
half _______ three P.M. and
now, seven _________later, Bob was _________
waiting.
There had been ________times
for him to hear the
explanation(
解释
) why the
plane was
late from the loudspeaker.
_________ the first time, Bob had ________ to
eat. The second
time he _________ to
walk in the airport(
飞机场
)
from one end to ________. By the third
time hewas tired and hungry.
“How
________ will this g
o
on?” Bob said to himself.
6
Big call without more little in
house out come weather just
window
Before windows were used , old
________ in Europe(
欧洲
) and
Britain were very dark.
There great
rooms were high _________ only one hole on the
roof (
房顶
) to let the smoke
__________from cooking fire. Later,
people began to make the holes _________ to have
more light and air in their homes.
The first English window was _________
a small opening in the wall. It was cut long to
let
in as _______ light as possible,
and narrow(
狭窄
) to keep out
the bad _________. But
more wind than
light would _________ in if the window was cut
long. This is why it was
4
_________ “The wind’s eye”. And the
word “___________” comes from two
ancient(
古代
的
)
words for “wind” and “eye”.
7
While many know hear
in
each empty both care across
before safe
Every day some people are
killed while they are crossing the road. _________
of these
people are old people and
children. Old people are often killed because they
can’t see o
r
________ very
well.
Children are often killed because
they are not _________. They forget to look and
listen
before they ___________ the
road.
A car or a bus can’t stop if it
is going very fast, it will travel many metres
_________it stops.
Some people
d
on’t always understand this. They
think a car can stop _________ a few
metres. It is difficult to _________
how fast a car moving. The only way to cross the
roads
_________ is to look
________ways, right and left. Then if the roads
are ________, you
can cross them.
8
Good slow study must
strong play watch say return mean
need hard
What is best way to study?
This is a very important question. Some students
often study
very ________ for long
hours. This is a ______
habit(
习惯
), but itis not a
better way to
study. A good student
________ have enough sleep,
enough
food, enough rest. Every
day you
________ to take a walk or _________ basketball or
table tennis or sing
songs. When you
_________ to your studies, you will find yourself
________than before
and you’ll learn
more.
Perhaps we can
________ that learning English is like taking
Chinese medicine. We
_________that like
Chinese medicine, the
effects(
效果
) of your study
come _______ but
surely. Learn every
day and effects will come just like Chinese
medicine.
9
They, careful,
be, fact, take, would, other, stand, what , decide
I am eighteen years old this year. I
___1__ a pupil before and now I’m a university
student.
My mother was my first teacher
when I was very little. Then, I had three __2__
teachers in
different schools. Now Miss
Williams is one of my university teachers.
I have never expected that I will be a
teacher one day. I am a shy girl and I am afraid
of
__3__ before many people. I do not
know __4__ to say. But I will be a teacher
tomorrow!
Tomorrow morning!
I made this __5__ just two weeks ago.
Miss Williams, my English teacher, told me there
was
a teacher job, just for two weeks
in this summer. She asked if I __6__ be
interested. I
wanted to make some
money, so I said ”yes” to her . At on
ce
I regretted but it was too late
to
__7__ my word back.
There are about
twenty foreign boys and girls in the class. They
know very little English. I
have__8__
read the book that Williams gave me. Four of the
lessons are very simple, in
__9__ too
simple. I do not know what to do with these few
simple words and sentences. I
will read
the lesson to them, and ask them to read after me,
and then ask them to read
it___10__.
That will be about ten minutes. What shall I do
next?
5