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Lesson Twelve
The Third Knight's Speech
第三个骑士的发言
T. S. Eliot T.
S.
艾略特
New words
recur to, persist, repeat, return
under dog, one at a
disadvantage
fair play,
play that follows the rules, fairness, treatment
that is fair and just
Archbishop, chief bishop
大主教
hard-headed, realistic
clap-trap, pretentious or empty speech
Analysis of the
text
1 I should like first
to recur to a point that was very well put by our
leader, Reginald [`redVidnEld]
Fitz
Urse [E:z]: that you are Englishmen and therefore
your sympathies are always with the under
dog.
It
is
the
English
spirit
of
fair
play.
[He
flatters]
Now
the
worthy
Archbishop, whose
good
qualities
I
very
much
admired,
[disarms
the
reader,
and
sets
the
tone
of
his
argument]
has
throughout been
presented as the under dog. But is this really the
case? I am going to appeal not to
your
emotions but to your reason. You are hard-headed
sensible people [flatters] , as I can see, and
not to be taken in by emotional clap-
trap. I therefore ask you to consider soberly:
what were the
Archbishop's
aims?
to the problem. [establishes the
lines along which he will proceed]
Skills:
When you speak or write,
always try to flatter and disarm the audience or
reader. These two skills
are useless in
argument, but they are very powerful in motivation
and persuasion.
译文
1
首先，
我想再讲一下我们的领导，吴哲讲的，你们是英国人，所以你们总是同情失败
者。
这就是英国人公平竞争的精神。
我非常敬佩我们可敬的大主教。
人家一直把他当成彻底
的失败者。
但这是真的
吗？我不打算煽动你们，只和你们讲讲道理。我知道，你们都是务实
而精明的人。不会掉
进感情的圈子。
所以我请你们冷静地考虑一下，主教的目的是什么，亨
< br>利国王的目的又是什么。全部事件的关键，就在对这两个问题的回答之中。
New words
the late, the dead
Queen Matilda, Queen of
England (1102-67)
irruption, breaking or bursting in
usurper, one who seizes,
especially illegally
curb,
check, restrain
Stephen,
Matilda's cousin Stephen who seized the throne in
1135 on the death of Henry I. In 1139,
Matilda, aided by her half brother
Robert, captured Stephen and recovered the throne.
seditious, causing to rebel
systemise, formulate to
system
judiciary, of the
administration or justice
baronage,
男爵辈
;
男爵勋位
substantiate, support with proof or
evidence
grudge, to be
reluctant to give or admit
concur, have the same idea
temporal, secular, worldly
ostentatiously, pretentious or
excessive
ascetic, play
restrict self-denial, esp. in religion
incompatible, not in harmony or
agreement
Text
2 The King's aim has been
perfectly consistent. During the reign of the late
Queen Matilda and the
irruption of the
unhappy usurper Stephen, the kingdom was very much
divided. Our King saw that
the
one
thing
needful
was
to
restore
order:
to
curb
the
excessive
powers
of
local
government,
which
were
usually
exercised
for
selfish
and
often
for
seditious
ends,
and
to
systematise
the
judiciary. There was utter chaos: there
were three kinds of justice and three kinds of
court: that of
the King, that of the
Bishops, and that of the baronage. I must repeat
one point that the last speaker
has
made.
While
the
late
Archbishop
was
Chancellor,
he
whole-heartedly
supported
the
King's
designs: this is an
important point, which, if necessary, I can
substantiate. Now the King intended
that Becket, who had heretofore himself
an extremely able administrator -- no one denies
that --
should unite the offices of
Chancellor and Archbishop. No one would have
grudged him that no
one
than
he
was
better
qualified
to
fill
at
once
these
two
most
important
posts.
Had
Becket
concurred with the King's wishes, we
should have had an almost ideal State: a union of
spiritual
and temporal administration,
under the central government. I knew Becket well,
in various official
relations; and I
may say that I have never known a man so well
qualified for the highest rank of
the
Civil Service. And what happened? The moment that
Becket, at the King's instance, had been
made Archbishop, he resigned the office
of Chancellor, he became more priestly than the
priests,
he ostentatiously and
offensively adopted an ascetic manner of life, he
openly abandoned every
policy
that
he
had
heretofore
supported;
he
affirmed
immediately
that
there
was
a
higher
order
than
that which our King, and he as the King's servant,
had for so many years striven to establish;
and that -- God knows why -- the two
orders were incompatible.
Analysis
Because the kingdom was in a divided
state of chaos, the king was to restore order
—
to curb the
excessive power of local government, to
systematise judiciary, and to have a union of
spiritual and
temporal
administration
under
the
central
government.
Because
Becket
had
whole-
heartedly
supported
the
King's
designs,
and
in
various
official
relations
showed
that
he
was
very
well
qualified to fill the posts of
Chancellor and Archbishop. However, when the King
appointed him
Archbishop,
he
resigned
the
office
of
Chancellor,
and
affirmed
immediately
that
there
was
a
higher
order
than
that
of
the
King's.
The
logic
seems
perfectly
right.
But
we
don't
know
why
Becket
did this. Was he at his free will or was he
reluctant to do, for example was ordered to do?
译文
2
国王的目标一直没有变。在已故的马蒂答女王的统治和愁眉苦脸的斯蒂芬篡夺朝纲的时
候，
王国已经四分五裂。
我们国王看出要做的
事是恢复秩序，
结束地方政府为了自私的目的
和煽动性的结果而
造成的权力过大，
把司法关系理顺。
那时都乱套了：
有三种法制和三个法
庭，这就属于国王的，属于大主教的，和属于贵族们的
。这里，我必须重复一下上一发言人
所讲的观点。
当已故的大主
教任首相的时候，
他全心全意地支持国王的设计。
这是一个非常
重要的问题。
如果需要，
我可以证明。
后来国王打算要白克特把首相和大主教的办公室合而
为一。
没人否认，白克特是极其有能力的行政大臣。没有人嫉妒那一点。没有谁比他更适合
马上兼任这两个职务。
要是白克特和国王的意愿一致，
< br>我们早就有一个十全十美的国家，
一
个中央政府领导下的
政教合一的国家了。
在处理官方各种关系中，
我认识了白克特
（我都
深知
白克特的能力）
；而且可以说我所认识的人中，没有谁比他更适合文职上的这个最高职<
/p>
务。但后来怎么样？国王一提名他为大主教，
他就辞去了首相。他
比牧师还牧师。
他故意显
示，带着挑衅味道地接受了苦行僧式的
生活方式。
（让人感到有冒犯的味道）他公开地放
弃了他此前一直支持的政策。
他立即宣称说，
尽管
他是国王的臣仆，
他认为有一个比我们的
国王多年来一直着力创
建的秩序还高的秩序。
我不知道为什么这两个秩序（统治、
领导
、体
制）不能相容，不能合二而一。
New words
interference,
n.
inhibition,
self-
consciousness,
restraint,
constraint,
impediment,
hindrance,
bar,
barrier, defence, defence mechanism,
blockage, interference, check, curb, stricture
instinct, inner feeling
take issue, disagree
execute, put to death
traitor, one who betrays
his country
pretensions,
outward show, immodest claim
instrumental,
of
service,
of
tools
注意演讲人的双关：
instrumental
还有
important,
helpful
之
义。
Text
3 You will agree with me
that such interference by an Archbishop offends
the instincts of a people
like ours.
[Here he appeals to feelings of the audience which
is fallacious in argumentation but
effective in persuasion.]So far, I know
that I have your approval: I read it in your
faces. It is only
with the measures we
have had to adopt, in order to set matters to
rights, that you take issue. No
one
regrets the necessity for violence more than we
do. [He sheds off the blame.] Unhappily, there
are times when violence is the only way
in which social justice can be secured. At another
time,
you should condemn an Archbishop
[
注意是
an
而不是
the,
< br>意味一旦宗教凌驾国家之上，就
谁也管不了啦
] by
vote of
Parliament and
execute him formally as a traitor, and no one
would
have to bear the burden of being
called murderer. And at a later time still, even
such temperate