关键词不能为空

当前您在: 主页 > 英语 >

高考英语一轮复习全套资料(含有答案解析)

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-02-06 09:19
tags:

-

2021年2月6日发(作者:由上而下)




代词的辨析


(


重点掌握四组比较


)


一、替代词


that(those)



one(ones)



it


的区别




1


.(2013·四川高考


)The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal


than ________ on the small ones.


A



one










B



this


C



that D



it


解析:



C


考查代词。句意:大街上的绿灯比小街上的绿灯亮得时间更长。


that


在此


处替代前面提到的


traffic


,以避免重复。


one


泛指可数名词单数;

< p>
this


通常指代下文要提


到的事情;

< p>
it


指代上文出现的同一事物。



2


.(2013·天津高考


)At


our


factory


there


are


a


few


machines


similar


to


________


described in this maga


zine.


A



them B



these


C



those D



ones


解析:选


C


考查代词。句意:我们工 厂里的一些机器与这本杂志里描述的那些机器很


相似。空格处应用


those


表特指,替代前面出现的复数可数名词


machi nes


。注意题干中


machines


后有限制语


described in this magazine

< br>,故不能用表泛指的


ones


,若选

ones



则应在其前加上


the




3


.(2012·辽宁高考


)If


you're


buying


today's


paper


from


the


stand,


could


you


get


________ for me?


A



one B



such


C



this D



that


解析:



A


考查代词。


句意:


如果你去报摊上买今天的报纸,


给我捎回一份好吗?


one


用来代替上文提到过的< /p>


paper


,相当于


a copy of paper




4


(2011·北京高考


)The


employment


rate


has


continued


to


rise


in


big


cities


thanks


to the efforts of the local governments to increase________.


A



them B



those


C



it D



that


解析:



C


考查代词。


根据句意“由于地方政府的努力,


大城市的就业率在 上升” 可


知应用


it


指代


the employment rate






it


that


(those)


one


(ones)


特指前面提到过的同一个人或者物



可 以指代前面出现过的不可数名词或单数可数名词,指代单数


可数名词相当于


the


one



其复数形 式为


those



相当于


the


ones


指代前面出现过的那类事物中的 “一个”,其复数形式为


ones


①To her joy, Della earned first the trust of her students and then that of


her colleagues.(2013·辽宁高考


)


令黛拉高兴 的是,她首先赢得了她的学生的信任,然后又赢得了同事的信任。



②Studying


Wendy's menu, I found that many of the items are similar to those


of McDonald's.(2012·浙江高考


)


研究了温迪的菜单,我发现其中很多东西和麦当劳的相似。



③We have various summer camps for your holidays, you can choose one based on


your own interests.(2011·福建高考


)


我们为你们的 假期准备了各种各样的夏令营,你们可以根据自己的兴趣选择一个。



④I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I don't have enough


money to buy it.(2009·四川高考


)


我喜欢这座前面有漂亮花园的房子,但是没有足够的钱来买它。




二、不定代词


all, both, either, any, neither, none


的区别




1


.(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)It's


an


either?or


situation



we


can


buy


a


new


car


this


year or we can go on holiday but we can't do ________.


A



others


C



another








B



either



D



both


解析:选


D


考查代词。句意:这是一 种二选一的情况,我们今年要么买一辆新车,要


么去度假,但两者不可兼得。空格处表示 部分否定,应用


not ... both


,故选


D




2


.(2013·山东高考


)I've


lived


in


New


York


and


Chicago,


but


don't


like


________


of them very much.


A



either B



any


C



each


D



another


解析:选


A


考查不定代词。句意:我 在纽约和芝加哥住过,但是我不喜欢它们中的任


何一个。


题干中 提到“芝加哥”和“纽约”两个城市,


根据转折词


but


可知,


后面的意思应


为“两个都不喜欢”,所 以选


A


。any“任一”,each“每个”,another “另一”,都不符


合语境。



3


.(2013·陕西高考


)Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for


years, she lost ________ of her enthusiasm for life.


A



some B



neither


C



none D



all


解析:选


C


考查代词。句意:虽然罗 斯玛丽多年身患重病,但是她没有失去对生活的


热情。根据句意可知,此处表示“一点儿 也不,一点儿也没有”,所以应用


none


< br>






两者



三者或



三者以上





任何一个



都不


(


全部否定


)


neither



not


either


none



not any


部分否定



both


either


both


< p>
not


连用



all


any


all


not


连用





①Larry


asks


Bill


and


Peter


to


go


on


a


picnic


with


him,


but


neither


of


them


wants to


, because they have work to


do.(2012·全国卷Ⅰ)



< /p>


拉里让比尔和皮特跟他一起去野餐,但他们两个都不想去,因为他们都有工作要做。



②My brother would like to buy a good watch but none was available from that


sho


p.(2012·江西高考


)


我哥哥想买一块好表,但是在那家店里没有一块合适的。



③All that's important is that you are doing your best and moving in the right


dire


ction.(2010·浙江高考


)


重要的是你正在尽最大努力并且朝正确的方向前进。



④Jane


was


asked


a


lot


of


questions,


but


she


didn't


answer


any


of


them.


(2009·陕


西高考


)


简被问及了很多问题,但她一个都没答出来。




三、不定代词


the other, other, another, others


的区别




(2013·重庆高考


)Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is


________.


A



another B



the other


C



one another D



one


解析:选


A


考查代词。句意:回收是 保护环境的一种方法;而重复使用是另一种。


another


表 示“(三者及三者以上的


)


另一个”;


the


other


表示“(两者中的


)


另一个”;


one


another“相互”;one“一”。




the other


other


the other


可单独使用,特指两个人或物中的“另一个 ”;也可修饰


名词表示“另外的……”



other


不能单独使用,只能修饰名词,表示泛指意义


< /p>


可单独使用,


也可修饰


名词,

< p>
泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另


another

< br>一个”,代替或修饰单数可数名词。另外


another


后可接“基数词


/few


+复数名词”形式,表示“另外的…… (多少)”



others


单独使用 ,表示泛指意义,意为“其他的人或事物”,常与


some


一< /p>


起出现;特指“其他的全部人或事物”时用


the others


①To stay awake, he finished a cup of coffee and ordered another.(2011·上海


高考


)


为了保持清醒,他喝完了一杯咖啡,然后又点了一杯。



②You


are


the


team


star!


Working


with


others


is


really


your


cup


of


tea.(2010·安


徽高考


)


你是队里的明星!与别人一起工作确实是你的特长。



③Neither


side


is


prepared


to


talk


to


the


other


unless


we


can


smooth


things


over


between them.(2010·全国卷Ⅱ)



除非我们能够消除他们之 间的矛盾,否则他们双方都不打算与对方讲话。




四、复合不定代词的区别




1


.(2013·江西高考


)________


can


be


good


at


something


for


40


years


if


he


doesn't


love it.


A



Anybody


B



Everybody


C



Nobody D



Somebody


解析:选


C


考查不定代词。句意:没 有人能持续四十年把某件事做得很好,除非他热


爱它。根据句意可知,空处应用


nobody




2


.(2013·安徽高考


)This project requires close teamwork. ________ will be


achieved unless we work well together.


A



Nothing B



Anything


C



Something D



Everything


解析:选


A


考查不定代词。句意:这 个项目需要密切的


合作,除非我们通力合作,否


则将一事无成。 根据句意可知此处应用表示否定意义的词语,故选


A












someone/somebody


something


任何



anyone/anybody


Anything


每个,所有



everyone/everybody


everything


没有



no one/nobody


nothing


[


点津


]


注 意


something


的特殊含义:大致,……左右;有价值或 重要的人或事物;


anything but“根本不”。



①—


What do you think of the lecture?


—Anything but interesting but I've managed to survive it.(2013·厦门三校高


三联考


)


——你认为讲座怎么样?



——一点意思都没有,但是我还是坚持着听完了。



②There is something in his should have a try. (2011·四川高考


)


他的话有些道理,我们应该试一试。



③ I got this bicycle for


nothing: My friend gave it to me when she bought a


new one.(2011·全国卷Ⅱ)



这辆自行车我没花钱,我朋友买了新的,就把这辆车送给我了。





1


.(2012·全国卷Ⅱ)Sarah


made


________


to


the


airport


just


in


time


to


catch


her


plane this morning.


A



herself B



this


C



that D



it


解析:选


D


考查代词用法。句意:< /p>


Sarah


赶到了机场,正好及时赶上了今天早上的飞

< p>
机。此处


make it to


表示“及时到达,赶上”,是固定搭配。



2


.(2012·陕西高考


)No matter where he is, he makes ________ a rule to


go for


a walk before breakfast.


A



him B



this


C



that D



it


解析:选


D


考查代词。句意:不管他 在哪里,早饭前出去散步是他的一贯做法。


make


sth. a rule“把……作为常例


/


定为常规”,句中

< p>
it


是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的不


定式短语


to go for a walk before breakfast




3


.(2011·江西高考


)Why don't you bring ______to his attention that you're too


ill to work on?


it


的用法



A



that B



it


C



this D



him


解析:选


B


考查代词。句意:你为何 不让他注意到你病得无法继续工作的事实?此处



it


的特殊用法,其本身无实义。



4


.(2010·全国卷Ⅱ)The doctor thought ________ would be good for you to have


a holiday.


A



this B



that


C



one D



it


解析:



D


考查代词用法。在


thought


后的宾语从句中,

< p>
it


是形式主语,真正的主语


是“to have a holiday”。




1



it


用作形式主语或形式宾语,替代后面的 不定式、动词?ing


形式或从句。



① New technologies have made it possible to turn out new products faster and


at a lower cost.(2012·四川高考


)


新的技术已经使更快、更低成本地生产新产品成为可能。



②The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult to tell one from


the other.(2011·山东高考


)



这两个小女孩如此相像,以至于陌生人很难辨别出彼此。



③It is a pity that you missed such a good lecture.



你错过了一场这么好的报告真是可惜。



[


点津


]


i t


在高考中经常考查其作形式主语或形式宾语的用法,


其他代词 如


that



this


等不能作形式主语或形式宾语。



2

< br>.


it


的一些高频搭配,如


ma ke it“成功;确定时间为……”;get it“明白了”;


when it comes to ...“当提到……”等。



①—


When shall we meet again?



Make it any day you like; it's all the same to me.


——我们下一次什么时候见面?



——你喜欢哪天就哪天,对我来说都一样。



②When it comes to saving energy, big chan


ges start with small steps, like


turning off the lights.


当提到节能的时候,大变化从细微的行动开始,比如随手关灯。



3



表示“喜欢、

恨”等心理方面的动词后面接


it



构成一些固定结构,


这类动词有


like,


love, hate, dislike, appreciate


等。



I'd appreciate it if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.


如果你愿意教我如何使用电脑,我将不胜感激。




反身代词、物主代词、疑问代词、人称代词、指示代词的用法



1


.(2013·浙江高考


)Half


of


________


surveyed


in


16


countries


say


they


go


first


to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears.


A



these B



some


C



ones D



those


解析:选


D


考查代词。句意:来自< /p>


16


个国家的受访人中有一半人说,在他们有最强


烈的愿望和最恐惧的时候,


他们首先想到他们最亲近的朋友。

< br>所以这里用


those


来指代前面


提到的那些被调查的人。



2


.(2012·山东高考


)When


you


are


done


with


the


book,


just


give


it


to


Lucy


or


Helen


or ________.


A



whoever B



wherever


C



whatever


D



however


解析:



A


考查代词。


句意:


你看完书后,


把书给


Lucy



Helen



或谁都行。


whoever


在这里作代词,意为“不管什么人;无论是谁”,符合题意。



3



(2011·安徽高考


)Surp risingly,


Susan's


beautiful


hair


reached


below


her


knees


and made ________ almost an overcoat for her.


A



them B



her


C



itself


D



herself


解析:选


C


考查代词。句意:令人惊 奇的是,苏珊漂亮的头发垂到了膝盖以下,几乎


成为了她的外套。此处

< br>itself


指的是“头发本身”。




1


.反身代词的常见搭配:



by oneself









be oneself






亲自,独自



处于正常状态



enjoy oneself


玩得愉快




独自思考



think for oneself


Don't let him take away your


freedom to think for yourself.


别让他夺去你独立思考的自由。



2


.指示代词的常见用法:



(1)


打电话时,一般用


that


提问,


this


应答。


< /p>


(2)


指代上文提到的一般用


that/ those


,下文要说的用


this/these




Those are the facts; what do you conclude from them?


那些都是事实,



你能从中得出什么结论?





1.(2013·临沂市一模


)Usually


there


might


be


a


lot


of


accidents


in


the


heavy


fog.I happened to witness ________ this morning.


A



it







B



those


D



one


C



each



解析:选


D


考查代词。句意:通常在雾中会发生很多事故,我今天早上就碰巧看到了


一起。此处表 示“一起事故”应用


one (accident)




2


.(2013·开封市高三二模


) The power failure made ________ difficult for us to


complete the task on time.


A



that






B



it


C



one


D



this


解析:选


B


考查代词。句意:停电使 得我们按时完成任务变得相当困难。此处空格内


为形式宾语,替代后面的不定式短语,故 用


it




3


.(2013·成都市高三二模


)


—< /p>


Which of these resorts do you like best?



________.They are both hot and crowded.


A



Either B



Nothing


C



Neither


D



None


解析:选


D


考查代词。句意:“这些 旅游胜地你最喜欢哪个?”“一个都不喜欢,他


们都太热而且太拥挤。”表示“三者或三 者以上都不”用


none




4


.(2013·青岛二模


)She


wanted


a


job,


________


she


had


never


experienced


before.


A



that B



one


C



it








D



what


解析:选


B


考查代词。句意:她想得 到一份工作,一份她以前从未经历过的工作。此


处空格处代表


a job


,应用


one


代替。

< p>


5


.(2013·青岛二模

)



What major will you


choose when you are at university?



________ but English, which


has brought terrible dreams to me for the past


12 years.


A



Anything B



Nothing


C



Something







D



Everything


解析:选


A


考查代词。句意:“你上 了大学打算选择什么专业?”“除英语外什么都


行,英语在这过去的

12


年中给我带来很多噩梦。”anything


but


意为“根本不”,符合题


意。



6


.(2013·长春市高三二模


)I know you want to borrow money but I don't have


________ at hand myself.


A



any B



either


C



anything




D



nothing


解析:



A


考查代词。


句意:


我知道你想借钱,


但 我手头上一点也没有。


此处


not


any


(money)


表示“没有一 点钱”,符合题意。



7


< p>
(2013·



西


西









)



What


about


the


price


of


these


washing


machines?



They


are equal


in price to, if


not cheaper than



________ at the other shops


in the street.


A



others B



it


C



that








D



those


解析:选


D


考查代词。句意:“这些 洗衣机的价格怎样?”“他们与街上其他的商店


相比,如果说不便宜,至少和他们的价格 一样。”此处空格内的代词代替


the washing


ma chines


,应用


those


代替。



8


.(2013·吉林市高三二模< /p>


)



May I ask for leave tomorrow?



No, you can't. ________ applying for the scholarship must be present.


A



Someone B



Anyone


C



One



D



No one


解析:选


B


考查代词。句意:“我明 天可以请假吗?”“不,你不能,任何申请奖学


金的人都必须到场。”anyone


表示“任何人”,符合题意。


















动词和动词短语






1


.(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)The watch was very good, and he ________ 20 percent


down for it.


A



paid











B



cost


C



bought D



spent


动词词义辨析



解析:选


A


考查动词辨析。句意:那 块表很不错,他以


20%


的折扣价买下了它。

< br>A



表示“支付”,后跟具体的钱数,与


for


搭配,故选


A



B


项的主语一般是物;


C

项后面一


般用“商品”作宾语,可排除;


D


项与后面的介词不搭配,其后应用介词


on




2


.(2013·福建高考

< br>)Michelle


found


a


job


as


a


high


school


teacher


which


________


spending quite a lot of time with students.


A



enjoys B



involves


C



practices D



suggests


解析:选


B


考查动词辨析。句意:米 歇尔找到了一份高中教师的工作,


(


这份工作

< br>)



要和学生待在一起的时间比较长。involve“ 包含,需要”,符合句意。enjoy“喜欢”;


practice“练习”;sugg est“建议”。



3


.(2013· 湖北高考


)According


to


the


law,


a


ll


foreigners


have


to


________


with


the local police within two weeks of arrival.


A



associate B



dispute


C



negotiate D



register


解析:选


D


考查动词辨析。句意:按 照该法律,所有的外国人在到来的两周内必须在


当地警方登记。


这里说的是在警方登记,


故用


register



表示“登记,


注册”。


as sociate“使


联合,联想”;dispute“争论”;negotiate“协 商,谈判”。



4


.(2013·江苏 高考


)



The town is so beautiful! I just love it.



Me character of the tow


n is well ________.


A



qualified B



preserved


C



decorated D



simplified


解析:选


B


考查动词辨析。根据题意 可知,这个城镇的特色保留得很好,因此选


preserved


表示“保存,保护”。qualify“使合格,使具备资格”;decorate“装饰”;

< br>simplify“使简化”。



动词词义辨析一直都是高考考查的重点,


这类题绝大多数情况下所给的四个选项的含 义


各不相同,


没有关联性,


此时考查的 是对题干和语境的理解。


偶尔也考查近义词的辨析。近


三年考查 到的还有:



①sacrifice (牺牲


); substitute (


代替


); simplify (


简化


); survive


②conclude; lead; avoid (避免


); hold


③persuade(说服


); promise; invite; support


④open; narrow; widen; leave



⑤make; turn; take; have



⑥differ; shrink (收缩


); fail; decline (


下降


)


⑦sponsor (赞助


); launch (


发射


); organize; plan


⑧tell; remind (提醒


); warn; advise






(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)Try


not


to


cough


more


than


you


can


________


since


it


may


cause problems to your


lungs.


A



check B



allow


C



stop D



help


解析:选


D


考查动词辨析。句意:尽 量不要过多咳嗽,因为咳嗽过多可能引发你的肺


部问题。


not more than one can help


意为“能少尽量少”,符合句意。




动词的一词多义或熟词新义是考查的难点,例如上文提到的< /p>


help


,大家都熟悉的意思


为“帮助” ,但高考考查的是“忍住”。动词的熟词新义请参见本书附录。





1


.(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)At the


last moment, Tom decided to ________ a new


character to make the story seem more likely.


A



put up









B



put in


C



put on D



put off


解析:选


B


考查动词短语辨析。句意 :在最后的时刻,汤姆决定添加一个新人物,以


使故事显得更真实。

put


up“建造”;


put


in“添上”;


put


on“穿上”;


put


off“推迟 ”。


根据句意可知,应选


B


项。



2


.(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)Would


you


like


to


________


with



us


to


the


film


tonight?


A



come along B



come off


C



come across D



come through


解析:选


A


考查动词短语辨析。根据 句意“你今晚愿意和我们一起去看电影吗?”可


知,


此处意为“ 跟随”。


come


along“跟着来,

跟随”,


符合句意。


come


o ff“举行,


发生,


成功”;come across“偶然遇见”;come through“(重病后


)


康复”。



3


.(2013·湖北高考


)In


much


of


the


animal


world,


night


is


the


time


________


for


sleep



pure and simple.


A



set aside B



set down


动词的一词多义和熟词新义



C



set off D



set up


解析:选


A


考查动词短语辨析。句意 :在很多动物世界里,夜晚完全是用来睡觉的时


间。pure


and


simple“完全是,不折不扣是”。


s


et


aside“留出,拨出

< br>(


时间等)”,符合


句意。set down“写下”;set off“出发,引起”;set up“建立”。



4


.(2013·江苏高考


)Team leaders must ensure that all members ________ their


natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes.


A



get over B



look over


C



take over D



come over


解析:选


A


考查动词短语辨析。句意 :团队领导必须确保所有的成员克服他们自然想


要避免因犯错而带来的尴尬。get over“克服”,符合句意。look over“检查”;


take


over“接管”;come over“顺便来访”。




动词短语的辨析是动词考查的重中之重,

甚至有些形式上单个动词的辨析也是考查所构


成短语的辨析。


总的来说,动词短语的辨析可分为三种:


一是以动词为主体词的辨析;


二是


以副词或介词为主体词的辨析;


三是无关联的动词 短语的辨析。


下面就常见的动词短语做如


下总结:



一、以动词为主体词的短语



1



break


break away from





脱离



break down


break out


break in


break into





坏掉;分解;垮下来











爆发



打断;闯入




闯入



break through


break up




突破



打碎;分解;分手



Old?fashioned


phones


matter


when


wireless


network


s


break


down


in


disasters.(2013·福建高考


)


无线网络在灾难中瘫痪的时候,老式电话起到重要作用。



2



bring


bring about



bring down


bring in



bring up



bring out








引起,导致



使降低,使下降



引进;赚进



抚养;养育;呕吐



取出;出版;生产;阐明



Born


into


a


family


with


three


brothers,


David


was


brought


up


to


value


the


sense


of sharing.(2011·福建高考


)


因为大卫出生于有三兄弟的家庭,因此养成了分享意识。



3



come


come along


come out



come about






跟随



出现;出版;结果是





发生



偶遇



come across



come to



come up





共计



出现;被提出



提出



come up with



She came across an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the


department store.(2011·天津高考


)


昨天她在百货商店购物时遇到了一位老朋友。



4



cut


cut in


cut off


cut up



插嘴



切断



切碎







cut down



砍倒,削减



M


y


uncle


hasn't


been


able


to


quit


smoking,


but


at


least


he


has


cut


down.(2013·陕


西高考


)


我叔叔一直没能戒烟,但至少减少了吸烟的量。



5



get


get away



get in



外出度假




收割



get into



进入;养成



完成;通过;解决;接通电话



get through



ge


t over



get across


get off



克服





被理解;使通过



< br>车


/



/



/


飞机等



着手做



起床;起身



get down to



get up




Jenny was looking for a seat when, luckily, a man got up and


left.(2010·四


川高考


)


珍妮正在找座位,幸运的是,这时一个人起身离开了。



6



go


go against


go over



go out




违背



预习;复习





外出;熄灭



没有……也行;没有……也可以勉强对付



go without


To


get


a


better


grade,


you


should


go


over


the


notes


again


before


the


test.(2011·四川高考


)


要想取得更好的成绩,你应该在考试前再复习一下笔记。



7. look


look through



look into


look up



look up to





浏览;透过……看



调查



向上看;查找




尊敬;敬仰



look round/around


环顾



I


often


look


up


the


words


I


don't


know


in


the


dictionary


or


on


the


Internet.(2011·四川高考


)


我经常在词典或网上查阅不认识的单词。



8. make


make out



make up





辨认出




组成;编造



弥补



充分利用



make up with



make the best of



The


school


isn't


the


one


I


really


wanted


to


go


to,


but


I


suppose


I'll


just


have


to make the best of it.(2011·浙江高考


)


这所学校并不是我真正想去的 学校,但既然来了,我还是想充分利用它。



9. put


put in







放进,写进



put away



put out



put down



put off


put on


put up


收起,储存




扑灭;出版;生产




写下,镇压




推迟









穿上;上演




张贴;举起;建造



put forward




提出



Mary


is


really


good


at


taking


notes


in


class.


She


can


put


down


almost


every


word


her teacher says.(2012·全国卷Ⅰ)



玛丽确实很擅长课堂上做笔记,她几乎能把老师讲的每一个单词都记下来。



10



set


set aside


set up








拨出;置于一旁





建立;竖立



着手


(


做……);出发



set out



set about


set off


着手


(


做……)




出发,引爆



Traditionally,


college


students


hold


a


graduation


ceremony


to


encourage


themselves before they set off on their life journey.(2013·安徽高考


)


传统上 ,大学生在开始他们的人生旅途之前会举行毕业典礼来鼓励自己。



11



take


take up



take apart


take in



take off



take on



take over











开始从事;占据;拿起



拆卸



欺骗,吸收



起飞;腾飞;脱掉




呈现;雇用



接管



Rod loves taking apart clocks. However, he never manages to put them together


again.(2012·辽宁高考


)


罗德喜欢拆卸钟表,可是他从未能再组装上过。



12



turn


turn out



turn to



turn in











结果证明





求助于;转向



上交



turn down


turn on



拒绝,把音量开小




打开



turn off



turn up



turn over


关掉




出现;把音量开高



翻开




You look upset. What's the matter?


—I had my proposal turned down again.(2011·江苏高考


)


——你看上去不高兴,怎么了?



——我的建议又被拒绝了。



二、以副词或介词为主体词的短语



13



out


wear out



work out



let out



leave out


figure out


burst out


rule out



point out


carry out











穿烂;用坏



解出;进展顺利




放出;发出;泄露



遗漏




弄清



爆发



排除



指出



贯彻



You


can't


predict


everything.


Often


things


don't


work


out


as


you


expect.(2011·江西高考


)


你不可能预知一切,往往事情并不如你所愿。



14



up


build up



keep up



speed up



pick up



send up



use up



增强



保持;鼓起



加速




拾起 ;收听


/


看;用车接送


/


装运;无意学会



发射




用完



hang up



end up



split up



stay up



挂断



结束





分裂;分手



熬夜



①Walking


alone


in


the


dark,


the


boy


whistled


to


keep


up



his


courage.(2012·湖


北高考


)


这个男孩独自在黑暗中走着,吹着口哨为自己鼓气。



②It's surprising that your brother picked up Russian so quickly —


he hasn't


lived there very long.(2012·四川高考


)


你弟弟学会俄语那么快真 令人惊讶——他并没在那里住多长时间。



15



off


pay off



show off



give off




还清;回报



炫耀



放出



The athlete's years of hard training paid off


when she finally won the


Olympic


gold medal.(2012·安徽高考


)


当这名运动员最后获得 奥运金牌时,她多年的刻苦训练得到了回报。



三、无关联的动词短语



see to




处理;解决



fight for


agree with


do without


fit in



为……而战







同意;适合



没有……也勉强对付



适合



达到;不辜负



live up to


run away from


逃走;避开



①I'm so glad you've come here to see to this matter in person.(2012·湖北高



)


我很高兴你亲自来这里处理此事。



②You look well. The air and the sea foods in Sanya must agree with you, I


suppose.(2010·陕西高考


)


你气色很好,我想三亚的空气和海鲜肯定适合你。




1


.(2013·济南市一模


)



I will have to think about it again.



If you ________



you may lose the opportunity to compete altogether.


A



hesitate


B



wonder


C



continue


D



fail


解析:选


A


句意:“我必须再次好好 考虑一下。”“如果你犹豫不决,你可能会失去


这个比赛的好机会。

”hesitate“犹豫;


迟疑


”;

wonder“想知道”;


continue“继续”;


f ail“失败”。



2


.(2013· 杭州外国语高中模拟


)It


has


been


re


ported


that


some


government


leaders


________ their authority and position to get illegal profits for themselves.


A



overlook B



employ


C



abandon D



abuse


解析:



D


句意:


据报道,


一些政府官员滥用职权非法为自己谋取利益。< /p>


overlook“俯


瞰”;employ“雇用”;aband on“遗弃;抛弃”;abuse“滥用;辱骂”。



3



(2013·山东日照高三检测


)Look


before


you


leap!


Why


not


________


the


advantages


against the risks before you start?


A



weigh B



match


C



defend D



fight


解析:选


A


考查动词词义辨析。句意 :三思而后行,为何不在开始以前权衡一下利弊


呢?


weigh


此处意为“权衡,认真考虑”之意。



4


.(2013·山东实验中学高三二模


)


What's the matter with John? He has been


sitting there for hours.


—A postcard from his father ________ an attack of home?sickness in him.



A



took up B



set off


C



brought in D



built up


解析:选


B


句意:“约翰怎么了?他 一直在那儿坐了好几个小时了。”“父亲寄来的


明信片使他想家。


”take


up“拿起;


占据;


从 事”;


set


off“出发;


引起;


使爆炸”;


bring


in“带来;引进”;build up“逐渐建立”。



5


.(2013·无锡市高三二模


)All


her


hard


work


________


in


the


end,


and


she


finally


passed the exam.


A



paid back B



paid off


C



brought out D



brought off


解析:选


B


句意:所有的努力最终得到了回报,她通过了考试。pay back“归还”;


pay off“还清;有回报”;bring out“拿出”;bring off“取消”。



6


.(2013·潍坊市高三二模


)Robert has rich work


experience,


so


it will ________


for his lack of academic knowledge.


A



pick up B



take up


C



bring up D



make up


解析


:选


D



意:罗伯特有丰富的工作经验,因此会弥补他学术知识的缺乏。


pick


up“捡起;接受;偶然学会;情况好转”;take up“拿起;从事;占据”;bring up“抚


养;提出;呕吐”;make up for“弥补”。



7



(20


13·石家庄高三二模


)


Jack,


this


is


the


third


time


that


you


have


been


late


this week.



Sorry, sir, but I was ________ for 15 minutes on the way here in the traffic


jam.


A



given up B



put up


C



taken up D



held up


解析:选


D


句意:“杰克,这是你本 周第三次迟到了。”“很抱歉,先生,但我在来


这里的路上遇到了长达

< br>15


分钟的堵车。


”be


held


up“受阻”,


符合题意。


give


up“放弃”;


put up“举起;张贴;留宿”;take up“拿起;从事;占据”。



8


.( 2013·山东潍坊高三模拟


)The sale of the company's new product is good. It


has ________ two million dollars so far.


A



carried on B



kept up


C



brought in D



consisted of


解析:选


C


考查动词短语辨析。


carry on


表示“经营,进行,继续开展”;


keep up


表示“保持,维持,继续,坚持”;


bri


ng


in


表示“带来,引进,挣,赚入”;


consist


of


表示“由……组成,由……构成”。根据 题干语境可知,


brought in


为最佳答案。


















非谓语动词




2011



2013


课标区高考考点 统计



年份



数量



考点



作状语



作定语



作补足语



作宾语



作主语



作表语





原则一:


作目的状语只能用不定式的一般式,

< br>一般位于句首,


有时也可位于句中或句末



1


.(2013·湖南高考


)________


warm


at


night,


I


would


fill


the


woodstove,


then


set


my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it.


A



Staying









B



Stayed


11


8


2


1


2


1


16


8


3


6


1


0


14


9


4


1


2


1


41


25


9


8


5


2


2013


2012


2011


合计



考情解读












看,在对非 谓语动词的


考查中非谓语动词作状


语依然为考查的重点,


并已从作状语的一枝独


秀向作定语或其他成分






试< /p>






“情景化”和“设问角


度多样化”的趋势。



C



To stay D



Stay


解析:选


C


考查非谓语动词。句意: 为了晚上保暖,我往火炉中添了木柴,又设置了


午夜的闹钟以便再次添加。


此处“保暖”是“添加木柴”的目的,


所以用动词不定式作目的


状语。



2



(2013


·山东高考


)I stopped t


he car ________ a short break as I was feeling


tired.


A



take B



taking


C



to take D



taken


解析:选


C


考查非谓语动词。分析句 子结构可知,停下车是为了休息,所以应用不定


式作目的状语。




原则二:作伴随状语一般用


v.?i ng


形式的一般式



1


.(2013·重庆高考


)When


I


was


little,


my


mother


used


to


sit


by


my


bed,


________


me stories till I fell asleep.


A



having told B



telling


C



told D



to tell


解析:选


B


考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,


my

< br>mother



tell


之间为 逻辑上的


主动关系,


故用动词?ing


形式。


having


done


表示这 个动作先于主句动作发生,


与句意不符,


可排除,故选


B




2


.(2013·湖南高考


)The sun began to rise in the sky, ________ the mountain in


golden light.


A



bathed








B



bathing


D



having bathed


C



to have bathed


解析:选


B


考查非谓语动词。句意: 太阳在天空中升起,这座山沐浴在金色的阳光之


中。


bathe


是及物动词,意为“使沐浴


(


在光线里 )”,与


the sun


构成逻辑上的主动关系,


故用现在分词作状语。




原则三:作原因状语一般用现在分词或过去分词


(


二者的选择取 决于其与逻辑主语的关



)


,而在某些 表示情感的形容词后作原因状语常用不定式



1


.(2013·北京高考


)________ the course very difficult, she decided to move to


a lower level.


A



Find


B



Finding


C



To find




D



Found


解析:选


B


考查非谓语动词。句意: 她发现这门课程非常难,决定转学一门较低水平



(

< p>
课程


)



she



find


之间是逻辑上的主动关系,故用现在 分词短语作状语。



2


.(2012·全国卷Ⅱ)The old man sat in front of the television every evening,


happy ________ anything that happened to be on.


A



to watch B



watching


C



watched D



to have watched


解析:选


A


考查非谓语动词。句意: 老人每天晚上坐在电视机前,看电视上播放的任


何电视节目都很高兴。后半句是形容词短 语作伴随状语。



3


.(2011· 四川高考


)______an


important


role


in


a


new


movie,


Andy


has


got


a


chance


to become famous.


A



Offer


B



Offering


C



Offered D



To offer


解析:选


C


考查非谓语动词作状语。 句子主语


Andy



offer


之间是动宾关系,所以


用过去分词作状语。故选


C





原 则四:


在“be+性质形容词+不定式”结构中,


形容词修饰说 明不定式时,


常用不定


式的主动形式表示被动含义



1


.(2012·辽宁高考


)This


machine


is


very


easy


________.


Anybody


can


learn


to


use


it in a few minutes.


A



operating B



to be operating


C



operated D



to operate


解析:选


D


考查非谓语动词。在句型 “主语+


be



adj


.


+to do”中,常用不定式的


主动形式表示被动 含义,故选


D




2


.(2011·安徽高考


)Tom


asked


the


candy


makers


if


they


could


make


the


chocolate


easier ______ into small pieces.


A



break B



breaking


C



broken D



to break


解析:选


D


考查非谓语动词。句意: 汤姆问糖果制造商是否可以把巧克力制作得更容


易弄碎些。“be+easy/diff icult


...”后常跟不定式的主动形式表示被动意义,故答案为


D


项。




原则五:一些抽象名词如


chance, warning, ability, ambition, attempt, offer,


decision, anxiety, way


等词后常用不定式的一般式作定语


1


.(2013·北京高考


)Volunteering gives you a chance ________ lives, including


your own.


A



change









B



changing


C



changed D



to change


解析:选


D


考查非谓语动词。句意: 志愿者活动给了你一个改变人生的机会,包括你


自己的。


a


chance


to


do


sth.“做某事的机会”。


英语中有些抽象名词,


chance,


ability,


way


等,常用不定式作定语。



2


.(2011·湖南高考


)The ability ________ an idea is as important as the idea


itself.


A



expressing B



expressed


C



to express D



to be expressed


解析:选


C


考查非谓语动词。


ability


后 常接不定式的一般式的主动形式作定语,意


为“做……的能力”。句意:



表达思想的能力和思想本身一样重要。


< p>
原则六:作介词的宾语一般用


v.?ing


形式的 一般式,但在介词


but, except


后需跟不

< p>
定式作宾语


(


是否带


to


可参照“前


do


后不

< br>to”的原则


)


1


.(201 3·江苏高考


)Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and


________ to ruins, the city took on a new look.


A



reducing B



reduced


C



being reduced D



having reduced


解析:选


C


考查非谓语动词。分析句 子结构可知,空格处与


suffering from



and


连接的两个并列成分,在形式上应保持一致,又因


reduce



the


c ity


之间是逻辑上的动宾


关系,因此选


being reduced




2


.(2012·陕西高考


)If


he


takes


on


this


work,


he


will


have


no


choice


but


________


an even greater challenge.


A



meets B



meeting


C



meet D



to meet


解析:选


D


考查不定式固定搭配。句 意:如果他承担这项工作,他将别无选择,只有


面对更大的挑战。have no choice but to do sth.“别无选择,只有做某事”。




原则七:


作主语表示一般行为常用< /p>


v.?ing


形式的一般式。



it


作形式主语时,


常用不

定式作真正主语,


it's no use/no good/useless doing


结构除外



1


.(2013·福建高考)________basic first?aid techniques will help you respond


quickly to emergencies.


A



Known







B



Having known


C



Knowing D



Being known


解析:选


C


考查非谓语动词。句意: 了解基本的急救技巧能够帮助你快速应对紧急情


况。


分析句子结 构可知,


空处在句中充当主语,


应用动词?ing


形式。


having


known

< br>强调“完


成”,不符合句意,可排除。故选


C

< p>



2


.(2012·浙江高考


)No


matter


how


bright


a


talker


you


are,


there


are


times


when


it's better ________ silent.


A



remain



B



be remaining


C



having remained D



to remain


解析:选


D


考查非谓语动词。句意: 不管你多么能言善辩,但有时候还是保持沉默更


好。该题考查“it is+形容词+to do sth.”这一句型,句中


to remain sile nt“保持沉


默”是真正的主语,


it


是形式主语。



3


.(2011·上海高考


)It's no use ________ without taking any action.


A



complain









B



complaining


D



to be complained


C



being complained



解析:选


B


句意:只抱怨而不采取行动是没用的。在“it's


no


use


doing”结构中,


v


.?ing


形式作真正主语。


< p>
原则八:在


seem


后作表语一般用不定式。


remain


作“尚待”讲,后常加


to be done


作表语,作“仍然”讲,后可加现在分词或过去分词



1


.(2013·重庆高考


)The


engine


just


won't


ing


seems


________


wrong


with it.


A



to go B



to have gone


C



going D



having gone


解析:选


B


考查非谓语动词。句意: 发动机启动不了了,它好像出问题了。动词


seem


后常接动词 不定式,因此


C



D

< br>两项不正确。由句意可知,


go


这一动作在


start


之前发生,


故选


B




2


.( 2011·上海高考


)Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing ... but


we seem ________ the art of communicating face?to?face.



A



losing B



to be losing


C



to be lost D



having lost


解析:选


B


考查非

< br>谓语动词作表语。句意:现在我们有聊天室,能传递文本信息,还


可以发电子邮件 ……但是我们似乎正在失去面对面交流的技能。


seem


后通常 用动词不定式,


排除


A



D


两项;此处非谓语动词后有名词短语


the art of communicating


face?to?face


作其宾语,所以排除


C



(


被动形式


)


,故选

B




3


.(2010·福建高考


)In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained ________


abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.


A



sticking B



stuck


C



to be stuck D



to have stuck


解析:选


B


考查非谓语动词。句意: 四月份,成千上万的度假者由于火山灰的影响而


被滞留在国外。此处

remain


为系动词,后接过去分词作表语,表示被动。




1


.(2013·河南省普通高中适 应性检测卷一


)People


spend


many


years


learning


about


favorite sports and ________ how to do them well.


A



practice B



practiced


C



practicing





D



to practice


解析:选


C


考查非谓语动词。


spend


...


(in)


doing


sth.


表示“花费……做某事”,


根据


and


可知,空处应与


learning


并列,作 省略了的介词


in


的宾语,故选


C




2


.(201 3·威海两校模拟


)________


the


earth


to


be


flat,


many


feared


that


Columbus


would fall off the edge of the earth.


A



Having believed B



Believing


C



Believed



D



To believe


解析:选


B


考查非谓语动词。句意: 许多人认为地球是平的,担心哥伦布会从地球的


边缘掉下去。


b elieve


与句子主语为逻辑上的主谓关系,且


feared



believe


无时间上的


前后之分,故选


B


项。



3


.(2013·四川省泸州市


4


月模拟


)There


was


no


signal


in


that


faraway


village


and


all my attempts ________ you failed.


A



to contact B



contacting


C



contacted D



having contacted


解析:选


A


考查非谓语动词。句意: 在那个遥远的村庄没有信号,因此我怎么也联系


不上你。


att empt


后面应用不定式作定语。



4


.(2013·河南豫西五校质量检测


)The text is too difficult. The explanation of


our teacher will help make it easy ________.


A



to understand B



to be understood


C



understood D



understanding


解析:选


A


考查非谓语动词。句意: 这篇文章太难了,我们老师的解释会使它易于理


解。


此处用动词 不定式的主动表示被动。


此种用法常用于“be+性质形容词+不定式”结构

< p>
中,此类形容词有


easy, hard, interesting


等。



5


.(2011·湖南高考


)Do you wake up every morning ________ energetic and ready


to start a new day?


A



feel


B



to feel


C



feeling D



felt


解析:选


C


考查非谓语动词。句意: 你每天早晨起来感到精力充沛并准备开始新的一


天吗?现在分词


feeling energetic


作伴随状语。



6


.(2013·济南市三模


)The fresh air in the morning is pleasant ________. You'd


better get up early to do some exercise.


A



to be breathed B



to breathe


C



breathing D



being breathed


解析:选


B


考查非谓语动词作状语。 句意:早上的新鲜空气呼吸起来很舒服,你最好


早起活动活动。在形容词


pleasant


后用不定式作方式状语,且主动形式表示被动含义。



7



(


2013·合肥


168


中学最后一卷


)



What on earth made Susan weep?



________ of cheating in the exam.


A



Be accused


B



She was accused


C



Because she was accused


D



Being accused


解析:选


D


考查非 谓语动词作主语。句意:“苏珊究竟为什么哭?”“她被指责在考


试中作弊。”题线处在 答句中作主语回答问句,


A



C


两项不能作主语,若选


B


项则应在前


面加


that


,此处为动词?ing

< p>
形式作主语。



8


.(2013·德州市二模


)I


made every effort to get the car


out of the


mud, but it


remained ________ there.


A



sticking B



to be stuck


C



stuck D



to have stuck


解析:选


C


考查非谓语动词作表语。 句意:我尽力想把车从泥中弄出来,但车仍然陷


在那里。


it< /p>



stick


为被动关系,排除


A


项和


D


项;


B


项表示将来,


C


项表 示完成。






1


.(2012·天津高考


)He got up late and hurried to his office, ________ the


breakfast untouched.


A



left










B



to leave


C



leaving


D



having left


解析:选


C


考查非谓语动词。句意: 他起晚了,匆忙赶往办公室,没有吃早饭。主语


He



leave


之间是主谓关系,故用现在分词作结果状语,表示自然而然的 结果。不定式作


现在分词与不定式作结果状语的比较



结果状语时表示意想不到的结果,故排除


B


项;


leave


这一动作并未发生在谓语动词表示的


动作之前,排除


D


项。



2


.(2012·山东高考


)George returned after the war, only ________ that his wife


had left him.


A



to be told B



telling


C



being told






D



told


解析:选


A


考查非谓语动词。句意: 乔治战争后回到家,结果被告知妻子已经离开了


他。


此处是动词 不定式作结果状语,


表示意料之外的结果,


而且


George



tell


之间 是被动


关系,因此用


to be told

。如果用动词?ing


形式,则表示意料之中的结果。




现在分词表示自然而然的结果;


不定 式表示意想不到的结果,


其前常加


only


试比较:



①More highways have been built in China, making it m


uch easier for people to


travel from one place to another.


中国又建了更多的公路,这使得人们出行变得更加容易了。



②I arrived at the station in a hurry, only to find the train had left.



我匆忙到达车站,结果却发现火车已经开走了。





1


.(2 013·四川高考


)________ which university to attend, the girl asked her


teacher for advice.


A



Not knowing B



Knowing not


C



Not known D



Known not


解析:选


A


考查非谓语动词。句意: 由于不知道上哪所大学,那个女孩向她的老师征


求意见。分析句子成分可知,

< p>
the


girl



kn ow


之间是逻辑上的主动关系,所以用现在分词


作原因状语,且 分词的否定式是在分词前加


not


,所以答案为


A




2

.(2013·安徽高考


)________ in the early 20th century, the school keeps on


inspiring children's love of art.


A



To found B



Founding


C



Founded D



Having founded


解析:选


C


考查非谓语动词。句意: 这所学校创建于


20


世纪初期,它一直激励着孩


子们对于艺术的热爱。


found


< br>the school


之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词。故



C






现在分词与过去分词作状语的比较



现 在分词表示的动作与句子主语之间为逻辑上的主谓关系;


过去分词表示的动作与句子


主语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。试比较:



①Seeing from the top of the building, we can see the whole city.



②Seen from the top of the building, the whole city can be seen.





1


.(2013·陕西高考


)The witnesses ________ by the police just now gave very


different descriptions of the fight.


A



questioned B



being questioned


C



to be questioned D



having questioned


解析:选


A


考查非谓语动词。句意: 刚才警察询问的目击者对这次打架给出了完全不


同的描述。由于


the witnesses



question


是逻辑上的动宾关系,同时在句中有表示过去


的时间状语

just now


,故要用动词?ed


形式作后置定语表示 被动和完成。故选


A




2


.(2013·山东高考


)The room is empty except for a bookshelf ________ in one


corner.


A



standing B



to stand


C



stands D



stood


解析:



A


考查非谓语动词。


句意:


除了一个书橱在墙角外,


房间里空空荡荡。


except


for

< p>
是介词短语,其后不能接句子,所以排除


C



D


两项。分析句子结构可知,此处为非谓


语 ,且


a bookshelf


与动词


s tand


之间为逻辑上的主动关系,所以选


A

< br>。



3


.(2012·重庆高考


)We're


having


a


meeting


in


half


an



decision


________


at the meeting will influence the future of our company.


A



to be made B



being made


C



made D



having been made


解析:



A


考查非谓语动词。


根据前面的“We're


having


a


meeting


in


half


an


hour.”


可知会议还没开始,


The deci sion


后面的定语应用动词不定式,表示将要发生的动作,排



B



C


、< /p>


D


项。故选


A


项 。




表示被动、

完成用过去分词;


表示主动、


进行用现在分词;

< p>
表示被动、


进行用


being

< br>done



表示被动的动作尚未进行用

< br>to be done


。试比较:



①The bridge built in 2012 was designed by a local company.



②The bridge being built now was designed by a local company.



③The bridge to be built next year was designed by a local company.




Recently


a


survey


comparing


prices


of


the


same


goods


in


two


different


非谓语动词作后置定语的比较



supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.



2011

< br>·江苏高考)





1


.(2012·安徽高考


)I


remembered


________


the


door


before


I


left


the


office,


but


forgot to turn off the lights.


A



locking



B



to lock


不定式与


v


.?ing


形式作宾语的比较



C



having locked


D



to have locked


解析:选


B


考查非谓语动词。句意: 我离开办公室之前记得关门却忘记关灯了。


remember to do sth.


表示“记得要做某事”,与后半句中的“forgot to ...”相对应。



2


.(2011· 四川高考


)Lydia doesn't feel like______ parents are old.


A



study


B



studying


C



studied D



to study


解析:



B


考查非谓语动词。



feel


like


sth./doing


s th.“想要某物


/


想要做某事”。



句意:莉蒂亚不想出国学习,



因为她的父母都上年纪了。



3


.(2009·陕西高考


)I still remember________to the Famen Temple and what I saw


there.


A



to take B



to be taken


C



taking D



being taken


解析:



D


考查非谓语动词。


remember


to


do


sth.“记得要做某事


(


该动作未发生)”;


remembe r


doing


sth.“记得做过某事

(


该动作已经发生)”。依据后文的“what


I


saw


there”


可知这里说的是 记得已经发生的动作;再者


take


的宾语就是句子的主语,二 者之间是动宾


关系,应用被动形式,所以选


being taken




1


.下列动词只能用不定式作宾语,请牢记下面的口诀:



决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装。



主动答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮。



decide/determine,


learn,


want,


expect/hope/wish;


refuse,


manage,


care,


pretend;


offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/beg, help




此外,


afford, strive, happen, wait, threaten


等也要用不定式作宾语。



We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn't turned up yet.


我们约好在此地见面,但是她到现在还没有露面。


< p>
2


.下列动词或词组只能用动名词作宾语,请牢记下面的口诀:

< p>


考虑建议盼原谅,承认推迟没得想。



避免错过继续练,否认完成就欣赏。



禁止想象才冒险,不禁介意准逃亡。



consider,


suggest/advise,


look


forward


to,


excuse/pardon;


admit,


delay/put


off,


fancy;


avoid,


miss,


keep/keep


on,


practice;


deny,


finish,


enjoy/appreciate;


forbid,


imagine, risk; can't help (


禁不住


), mind, allow/permit, escape




此外,


be


used/accustomed


to


(


习惯于


),


lead


to,


devote


to,


go


back


to,


stick


to,


object to, get down to, pay attention to, can't stand, give up, feel like, insist


on,


thank


you


for,


apologize


for,


be


busy


(in),


have


difficulty/trouble


(in),


have


a good/wonderful/hard time (in), spend time (in)


等短语后也要用动名词作宾语。



He


got


well?prepared


for


the


job


interview,


fo


r


he


couldn't


risk


losing


the


good


opportunity.


他为这次工作面试做了充分准备, 因为他不能冒失去这次好机会的风险。



3


下列动词或短语既可以跟动名词作宾语,


也可以跟不定式 作宾语,


但意义上有区别,


要特别注意:



?


to do sth.


忘记要做 某事


?


forget


?


?


?


doing sth.


忘记已经做过某事


?


to do sth.


记住要做某事


?


rem ember


?


?


?

doing sth.


记得曾经做过某事


?


?


to do sth.


遗憾要去做某事


regret


?


?


?


doing sth.


后悔做过某事


?


?


to do sth.


打算做某事


mean


?


?


?


doing sth.


意味着做某事










?


不能帮助做某事


?


can't help


?


?


doing sth.


情不自禁地做某事


?




What a poor memory



I forgot borrowing money from him yesterday. But today I


forgot to return the money to him.


多么差的记忆力!昨天我忘了向他借过钱,但今天我又忘了把钱还给他。




非谓语动词作补足语的比较



(一)感官动词后接复合宾语的比较




1


.(2013·北京高考


)When


we


saw


the


road


________


with


snow,


we


decided


to


spend


the holiday at home.


A



block


B



to block


C



blocking D



blocked


解析:选


D


考查非谓语动词。句意: 当我们看到道路被雪封住后,我们决定在家过假


期。


分析句子结 构可知,


此处是“see+宾语+宾语补足语”结构。


宾语补足 语是


do


形式时,


表示“看见宾语做某 事的全过程”;


宾语补足语是


doing


形式时,


表示“看见宾语正在做某


事”;

若宾语补足语与宾语是动宾关系时,


则用过去分词形式作宾语补足语。


road



block


之间 是被动关系,故选


D




2


.(2012·四川高考


)I


looked


up


and


noticed


a


snake


________


its


way


up


the


tree


to catch its breakfast.


A



to wind B



wind


C



winding D



wound


解析:选


C


考查非谓语动词。此题考 查现在分词作宾语补足语,宾语


snake


< br>wind


之间为主动关系,且此动作正在进行,故选


C< /p>





感官动词


(


短语


)see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel



宾语补足语主要有三种形式,试比较


(



see


为例


)< /p>




see



doing sth.


看见……





?


?


正在做


……< /p>


?


...


?


do sth.


看见……


?


宾语与宾语补足语 之间为逻辑上的主动关系


?


?


做了


?


……


..


?


done


看见……被做


..


宾语与宾语补足语


?


之间为逻辑上的被动关系





①I heard her sing an English song just now.



刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。

(


主动,完成


)


②I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.



昨天经过她房间时 ,我听见她正在唱英文歌。


(


主动,正在进行

< br>)


③To learn


English well, we should find opportunities to hear English spoken


as much as possible.


为了学好英语,我们应该尽可能多地听英语。


(


被动,无时间性


)


(二)使役动词


make, have, get, keep, let


后加复合宾语的比较




1


.(2013·陕西高考


)Let those in need ________ that we wi


ll go all out to help


them.


A



to understand B



understand


C



understanding D



understood


解析:选


B


考查非谓语动词。句意: 让那些需要帮助的人们明白我们会全力以赴去帮


助他们。从整个句子结构来看,这是一个 主从复合句,


that


引导的是宾语从句。

let


sb.


do


sth.


意思是“让某人做某事”。故选


B


。< /p>



2


.(2012·四川高考

< p>
)Before driving into the city, you are required to get your


car ________.


A



washed B



wash


C



washing D



to wash


解析:选


A


考查非谓语动词。句意: 在驱车进城之前,你必须将你的车洗了。此题中


使役动词


get


后接的宾语


car


与作宾语补足语的动 词


wash


之间为被动关系,


构成短语 :


get


sth. done


。故选


A


项。



3< /p>


.(2011·重庆高考


)Michael


put


up


a


picture


of


Yao


Ming


beside


the


bed


to


keep


himself______of his own dreams.


A



reminding B



to remind


C



reminded


D



remind


解析:选


C


考查非谓语动词。句意: 迈克尔把姚明的照片张贴在床边是为了提醒自己


要实现自己的梦想。

remind sth.


表示“ 提醒某人某事”,


himself



remind



间是动宾关系,



故用动词的过去分词形式。




?


宾语与宾语补足语之间为


?


逻辑上的主动关系


(1)make


+宾语+


?


done


让……被做


?


宾语与宾语补足语之间为


?


逻辑上的 被动关系


他让他的工人们每天工作


12


个小时。



②He tried to make himself understood.



他尽量使自己被理解。



(2)hav e




do sth.


让……做某事




①He made his workers wor


k 12 hours a day.




?< /p>


?


某事


?


?


doing sth.


使……


?

< p>
宾语与宾语补足语之间为逻辑上的主动关系


?


持续 做某事


?


?


?


done


使……被做


/


遭受

< p>
宾语与宾语


?


补足语之间为逻辑上的被动关系


do sth.


使……做


式作定语。



I have something urgent to inform you.


我有


很紧急的事要通知


你们。




...


(3)ge t



to do sth.


使……做< /p>







注意:


have

还可用于


have sth. to do/done


结构 ,该结构中


have


作“有”讲,不定



?


?


某事


?


?


doing sth.


使……


?


宾语与宾语补足语之间为逻辑上的主动关系


?


?


开始做某事


?

?


done


使……被做


宾语与宾语 补足


?


语之间为逻辑上的被动关系


①H e got me to post the letter for him.



他让我替他寄信。






②Alexander tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles.(2010·辽


宁高考


)


亚历山大试图使他的工作被医学界认可。



③The captai


n got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.


休息了片刻之后,上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进。



④I'll get my bike repaired tomorrow.



我明天要


(


请人


)


修一下我的自行车。



sb./


使某人


/


物一直做某事


?


?


表示 被动且


(4)keep


?


sb./


使某人


/


物被


?< /p>


?






完成,或表示状态




I'm sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.


对不起让你久等了。



(三)


with


复合结构中补足语的比较




1


.(2012·辽宁高考


)The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park


with their pet dog ________ them.


A



to follow B



following


C



followed D



follows


解析:选


B


考查

with


的复合结构。


with


的 宾语后面可加形容词、副词、分词、不定


式或名词等作宾语补足语,

此处


pet


dog


< p>
follow


之间构成主动关系,


所以用


following



不定式表示动作尚未发生 ,不符合语境故排除


A



< p>
2



(2010·山东高考


)The


living


room


is


clean


and


tidy,


with


a


dining


table


already


________ for a meal to be cooked.


A



laid B



laying


C



to lay D



being laid


解析:



A


考查非谓语动词。


句意:


客厅既干净又整洁,

< br>已摆好了餐桌准备做饭



“with

+名词


/


代词+过去分词”为


wi th


的复合结构,


a dining table



lay


之间是被动关系,


故用过去分词形式。




?

< p>
?


with


?


?


?



表示主动且进行


表 示被动且完成


表示将来




①John


received


an


invitation


to


dinner,


and


with


his


work


finished,


he


gladly


accepted it.

< br>约翰收到一份宴请函而且他的工作也干完了,他就欣然接受了邀请。



②With a lot of difficult problems to settle the newly elected president is


having a hard time.


因为有很多难题要解决,这位新任总统的日子不好过。




题组一:


(


非谓语动词作结果状语


)


1


.(20 13·山东实验中学第四次诊断


)He


lost


his


computer


while


shopping,


________


away all his secret photos.


A



gave B



to give


C



giving D



having given


解析:选


C


考查非谓语动词作结果状 语。句意:他在购物时丢了电脑,结果泄露了所


有绝密照片。此处非谓语动词表示一种必 然的结果,故用现在分词作结果状语。



2


(2013·福州六模


)The


news


reporters


hurried


to


the


airport,


only


________


that


the film stars had left.


A



informing B



to be informed


C



to inform D



informed


解析:选


B


考查非谓语动词作结果状 语。句意:新闻记者匆忙赶到机场,结果却被告


知那位影星已经离开了。此处表示一种出 乎意料的结果,应用不定式作结果状语,


inform



the news reporter


之间为动宾关系,故选


B




题组二:


(


非谓语动词作伴随状语


)


1


.(2013·甘肃部分示范学校调研考试


)We often provide our children with toys,


footballs or basketballs, ________ that all children like these things.


A



thinking B



think


C



to think D



thought


解析:选


A


考查非谓语动词。句意: 我们经常给我们的孩子玩具、足球或者篮球,认


为所有的孩子都喜欢这些东西。“___ _____ that all children like these things”在句


中作原因状语,


We



th ink


之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,故用


think


的现在分词形式。



2


.( 2013·江西重点中学


3


月联考


)W ithout thinking, he ran out, ________ at a


stranger to call the fire police.


A



shouted B



having shouted


C



to shout D



shouting


解析:



D


考查非谓语动词。


句意:


他毫不迟疑地跑了出去,


大声冲着一个陌生人喊,


让他报火警。根据句意可知,“跑”与“喊”的动作 同时发生,故应用动词的?ing


形式作


伴随状语。

< p>


题组三:


(


非谓语动词 作后置定语


)


1


.(2013·陕西 西安名校第五次模拟


)TV programmes, ________ to combine learning


with fun together, are growing in popularity all over the world.


A



designing B



to be designed


C



designed D



having designed


解析:选


C


考查非谓语动词。分析题 干可知,


design



TV


programmes


构成逻辑上的


动宾关系 ,故用


design


的过去分词形式作定语,

< br>C


项正确。



2


.(2013·陕西宝鸡模拟


)After


Queen


Elizabeth


officially


opened


the


2012


Summer


Olympics, London became the first city ________ three Olympic Games in history.


A



to have hosted B



hosting


C



hosted


D



having hosted


解析:选


A


考查非谓语动词。句意: 在伊丽莎白女王正式宣布


2012


年夏季奥运会开


幕之后,


伦敦成为了历史上第一个举办了三届夏季奥运会的城市。

< p>
当名词前有序数词修饰时,


通常用动词不定式作后置定语。再结合句意可知 ,应用完成式。故答案为


A




题组四:


(


非谓语动词作宾语


)


1


.(2013·青岛高三统一质检


)



Robert is indeed a wise man.



Oh, yes. How I regretted ________ his advice.


A



to take



B



taking


C



not to take D



not taking


解析:



D


考查非谓语动词作宾语。


句意:


“罗伯特确实是一个聪明的人。


”“是的,


我多么后悔没听他的建议。”regret n


ot doing sth.


表示“对未做某事感到后悔”。


2


.(2009·上海高考


)David


threatened


________


his


neighbour


to


the


police


if


the


damages were not paid.


A



to be reported B



reporting


C



to report


D



having reported


解析:选


C


句意:大卫威胁说如果不 赔偿损失,他将向警署告发他的邻居。


threaten


to do sth.“威胁做某事”。



题组五:

< br>(


非谓语动词作补足语


)


1< /p>


.(2013·长沙二模


)Ji


m was about to stand up when he saw something ________


near his feet. It's a snake!


A



move B



moving


C



moved D



to move


解析:选


B


考查非谓语动词作宾补。 句意:吉姆正要站起来,这时发现脚边有东西在


动。是一条蛇!此处

moving


在句中作宾语补足语,且表示动作正在进行。



2


.(2013·太原五中模拟


)Th e traffic problems we are looking forward to seeing


________ should have attracted the government's attention.


A



solving B



solve


C



to solve D



solved


解析:选


D


考查非谓语动词作补语。 句意:我们期待解决的交通问题应该引起政府的


重视。


seei ng


的宾语为


the


traffic


problems


,空格内应填宾语补足语,由于


solve



the


traffic problems


之间为动宾关系,故用过去 分词作宾语补足语。






1


.(2013·山东高考


)________ at the cafeteria before, Tina didn't want to eat


there again.


非谓语动词的时态



A



Having eaten








B



To eat


C



Eat D



Eating


解析:选


A


考查非谓语动词。句意: 在那个餐厅吃过饭,蒂娜不想再在那里吃了。分


析句子结构和句意可知,


Tina



eat


之间是主动 关系,并且


eat


这一动作发生在谓语动词

“didn't want”所表示的动作之前,所以用动词?ing


形式的完成式 。



2


.(2007·辽宁高考


)The


crowd


cheered


wildly


at


the


sight


of


Liu


Xiang,


who


was


reported ________ the world record in the 110?meter hurdle race.



A



breaking


B



having broken


C



to have broken D



to break


解析:选


C


由句意看


break


the


world


record


这一动作发 生在谓语动词


was


reported


这一动作之前,且由


sb./sth. be reported to do


这一结构可知应选


C


项。



非谓语动词



形式



一般式:


to do


不定式



意义



与谓语动词同时发生或发生在谓语动词后



进行式:


to


be


doing


谓语发生时,不定式表示的动作正在进行



完成式:


to


have


done


发生在谓语动词之前



动词?ing


形式



一般式:


doing


与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生



完成式:


having


done


发生在谓语动词之前



Dina, having struggled for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a


position at a local advertising agency.(2010·湖南高考


)


迪娜努力了好几个月,


想找一份侍者的工作,


最终却在当地的一家广告公司找到了一个


职位。





1


.(2 012·福建高考


)China recently tightened its waters controls near the


Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from ________ in the South China


Sea.


A



attacking B



having attacked


C



being attacked D



having been attacked


解析:选


C


考查非谓语动词。句意: 最近中国加强对黄岩岛附近水域的控制以防止中


国渔船受到攻击。prevent ...from ...“阻止……做某事”。因渔船是被攻击,故用动名


词的被动语态 。


动名词的一般式表示动名词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生;



名词的完成式表示动名词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前,故< /p>


C


项正确。



2


.(2012·重庆高考


)________


to


work


overtime


that


evening,


I


missed


a


wonderful


非谓语动词的语态



film.


A



Having been asked


B



To ask


C



Having asked D



To be asked


解析:选


A


考查非谓语动词。分析题干并根据“I


missed


a


wonderful


film” 可知,


此处应用现在分词作原因状语;


ask

< br>和


I


之间是动宾关系,故用被动语态;

< br>ask


这一动作发


生在


miss ed


这一动作之前,故应用分词的完成式。故答案为


A


项。



3


.(2012 ·湖南高考


)Time, ________correctly, is money in the bank.


A



to use B



used


C



using D



use


解析:选


B


考查非谓语动词。句意: 被用得合理,时间就是银行里存的钱。由句意可


知,


use


与句子的主语


time


之间构成逻辑上的动 宾关系,所以选过去分词形式。




非谓语动词



不定式



形式



to be done


被动、将来



意义



to have been done


被动、发生在谓语动词之前



being done


被动、进行



被动、发生在谓语动词之前



被动、完成



动词?ing


形式



过去分词




[


点津


]


having been done


done


(1)having


been


do ne



done


作状语时没有明显区别 ,可以互换,但


having


been


done


不能作定语。



(2)


不及物动词的过去分词,只表示完成,不表示被动,如,


fallen leaves


落叶。



(3)


有时过去分词只表示被动而不强调时间性。



①The boy was running along the street, followed by a dog.



小男孩沿着街道跑,后面跟着一条狗。



②His first


book


to be


published next month is based on


a true story.(2010·陕


西高考


)


下月即将出版的他的第一本书是基于一个真实的故事写的。



③Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.



虽然被告诉过好多次了,但他仍然重复犯同样的错误。





(2012·新课标全国卷


)The party will be held in the garden, weather ________.


含有非谓语动词的独立主格结构



A



permitting B



to permit


C



permitted D



permit


解析:选


A


考查独立主格结构。句意 :如果天气允许的话,聚会将在花园里举行。


weather permitting(



if weather perm its)


为独立主格结构,因为


weather



permit


这个动作的发出者,故用现在分词形式 。




不定式


表示动作未发生


?


?


名词或代词+


?


v


.?ing形式


表示主动、进行


?


?


过去分词


表示被动、完成




[


点津


]


独 立主格结构从语法上来讲不是句子,在句中通常作状语。具有以下特点:



1


.独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,不指同一个人或同一事物;



2


.独立主格结构一般置于句首,有 时也置于句中或句末。




The guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.


向导领着路,我们毫不费劲地走出了森林。



②Jim was listening att


entively to the lecture, all his attention fixed upon


it.


吉姆专心致志地听着讲座,所有注意力都集中在上面了。





(2011·福建高考


)The


difference


in


thickness


and


weight


from


the


earlier


version


makes the iPad 2 more comfortable______.


A



held B



holding


C



be held D



to hold


解析:选


D


考查非谓语动词作状语。 句意:厚度和重量与先前版本的不同使得


iPad


2


拿着更舒服。


hold



the


iPad


2


之间是动宾关系,且有性质形容词


comfortable


,所以用


动词不定式的主动形式表达被 动含义。




在下列结构中非谓语动词常用主动形式表示被动含义。



1


.某些性质形容词后不定式作状语,用主动形式表示被动含义。



This book is difficult to understand.


这本书很难理解。



2


.不定式作定语时,若不定式表示的动作是主语发出的,用主动形式表示被动 含义。



I can't go with you; I have a meeting to attend.


我不能和你去,我有个会议要参加。



非谓语动词的主动表被动



3



worth


后跟


do ing


时主动形式表示被动含义;


need,


want,


require


后跟


doing


表示


被动,相当于跟

< p>
to be done




The young trees require watering/to be watered.


这些小树需要浇水了。




1


.(2013·江苏高考


)Lionel Messi ________ the record for the most goals in a


calendar year, is considered the most talented football player in Europe.


A



set B



setting


C



to set D



having set


解析:选


D


考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知,


Lionel


Messi



set


之 间为逻辑上


的主谓关系,应用动词?ing


形式;


Lionel Messi


创纪录这一动作在


is considered


之前已


经发生,因此用

< br>having set




2


.(2011·北京高考


)It's important for the figures______regularly.


A



to be updated B



to have been updated


C



to update


D



to have updated


解析:



A


考查非谓语动词。


句中的时间状语


regularly


表示经常发生,


因此排除


B

< br>、


D


两项;



又因为


figures


是被更新的, 故选


A


项。



3


.(2011·浙江高考)Bats are surprisingly long?lived creatures, some______ a


life span of around 20 years.


A



having B



had


C



have D



to have


解析:选


A


考查非谓语动词。句意: 真想不到,蝙蝠竟是长寿生物,有些蝙蝠的寿命


长达近


20


年。结合语意和句子结构可知,此处为独立主格结构,


having


的逻辑主语是前面



some




4



(2011·天津高考


)Passengers


are


permitted______


only


one


piece


of


hand


luggage


onto the plane.


A



to carry B



carrying


C



to be carried D



being carried


解析:选


A


考查非谓语动词。句意: 乘客只允许携带一个手提行李箱登机。本句用的


结构是


permitted to do sth.


,故选


A


项。



5


.(2013 ·山东济南二模


)The poem


A



Red, Red



Rose


written by Robert Burns is


popular with the Chinese young people, because the poem is easy ________.


A



to be understood B



to understand


C



understand D



understanding


解析:选


B


考查非谓语动词。在“b e+性质形容词


(


此类形容词有


eas y, hard,


difficult


)


+不定式”结构中,常用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。



6


.(2013·青岛一模


)All


flights


________


owing


to


the


heavy


fog,


many


passengers


could do nothing but take trains.


A



to be cancelled



B



were cancelled


C



have been cancelled D



having been cancelled


解析:选


D


考查独立主格结构。逗号前后两部分之间没有连词,因而前半部分不可能


是句子 ,排除


B



C


两项。此处只能用独立主格结构,动词不定式在此结构中表示将来,故


排除


A


项。现在分词的完成被动式表示被动、完成,故选


D


项。




第一步:利用“有无连词”原则确定谓语还是非谓语



分析句子结构,


判断出句子的主干——主语和谓语。

如果题线处作谓语,


则要用谓语动


词,如果题线处不作谓语 ,则要用非谓语动词。



1


.(201 3·湖南高考


)Every day ________ a proverb aloud several times until you


have it memorized.


A



read










B



reading


C



to read D



reads


解析:选


A


分析句子结构可知,题干 中有连词


until



until


引导时间状语从句,故


“________ a proverb



aloud several times” 为主句,此处应为祈


使句,故应用动词原


形。本题应选


A


项。



2

< p>
.(2012·北京高考


)________ with care, one tin will last for six weeks.


A



Use B



Using


C



Used D



To use


解析:选


C


分析句子结构可知,题干 中无连词,故题线处需用非谓语动词。


use


与逻


辑主语为被动关系,故选


C


项。


第二步:根据句意和作用确定句子成分



根据句意和题线处在句子中的位置和作用,


确定其所充当的句子成分,


从而确定空格内


所需填入的非谓语动词的形式。



(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)The


sunlight


is


white


and


blinding,


________


hard?edged


shadows on the ground.


A



throwing B



being thrown


C



to throw D



to be thrown


解析:



A


根据句意和句子结构可知,


题线处应作伴随状语,


< p>
the


sunlight


throw


之间为主动关系,故用现在分词。答案应为


A< /p>


项。



第三步:根据与逻辑主语的关系确定语态


如果非谓语动词表示的动作与其逻辑主语之间为主谓关系则用


v

.?ing


形式或不定式的


主动式;若为动宾关系则用


v


.?ing


形式的被动式、不定式的被动 式或过去分词。



1


.(2013·湖南高考


)You


cannot


accept


an


opinion


______


to


you


unless


it


is


based


on facts.


A



offering B



to offer


C



having offered D



offered


解析:



D


offer


与逻辑主语


an


opinion


之间为被动关系,


A

< p>


B



C


三项都表示主动,


D


项为过去分词表示被动,



故选


D


项。



2


.(2012·湖南高考


)The


lecture, ________ at


7



00 pm last night



was followed


by an observation of the moon with telescopes.


A



starting B



being started


C



to start D



to be started


解析:选


A


start


与逻辑主语


the


lecture


之间为主动关系,故排除


B< /p>



D


两项。不定


式作定语时,常表示动作尚未发生,故排除


C


项,此处用现在分 词作后置定语,表示主动。



第四步:根据与谓语动词的先后关系确定时态



非谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前用过去分词或


v


.?ing


形式


/


不< /p>


定式的完成式;如果同时进行用


v


.?i ng


形式或不定式的进行式;如果非谓语动词表示的动


作发生在 谓语动词表示的动作之后用不定式的一般式。



(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ


)I got to the office earlier that day, ________ the 7



30 train from Paddington.


A



caught B



to have caught


C



to catch D



having caught


解析:选


D


由句意可知


catch the 7



30 train


这一动作发生在谓语动词


got to the < /p>


office


之前,故用现在分词的完成时。



1


.(2013·济宁市一模


)________ early for his date, Mark spent time reading the


newspaper.


A



Arriving B



Having arrived


C



Arrived D



To arrive


解析:选


B


考查非谓语动词作状语。 句意:因为约会到的早了些,马克读报纸来打发


时间。


此处用动 词?ing


形式作原因状语,


arrive

表示的动作发生在


spend


表示的动作之前,

< p>
故用完成式。



2


.(2013·济南市三模


)One evening Harry phoned me, ________ me to come to his


flat as soon as possible.


A



asked B



having asked


C



asking D



being asked


解析:选


C


考查非谓语动词作状语。 句意:一天晚上哈里给我打电话,要求我尽快去


他家。此处空格内的词作伴随状语,故选


C




3


.(2013·泰安市三模


)Barbara


often


makes


a


schedule


to


get


herself


________


of


what she is to do in the day.


A



remind B



reminded


C



reminding D



to remind


解析:选


B


考查非谓语动词作宾补。 句意:芭芭拉经常制定一个时间表来提醒自己白


天应做什么。


r emind



herself


为动宾关 系,故用过去分词作宾语补足语。



4



(2013·成都七中考前模拟


)If


you


decided


to


study


in


America,


you


have


no


choice


but ________ your English greatly.


A



improves B



improving


C



to improve D



improve


解析:选


C


考查非谓语动词作介词< /p>


but


的宾语。句意:如果你打算去美国学习,除了


显著提高英语水平外别无选择。


but


后需跟不定式 作宾语,口诀为“前


do


后不


to”。



5


.(2013·北京市西城一模< /p>


)All the books ________ by the students are reported


to have been sent to the children in the cou


ntryside the other day.


A



having offered B



to be offered


C



offering D



offered


解析:选


D


考查非谓语动词作定语。 句意:据报道,同学们提供的所有书籍都在几天


前送给了乡下的孩子们。此处作定语的非 谓语动词表示被动、完成,故用过去分词。



6



It's no good ________ here this morning. Come again on Monday.


A



wait B



waiting


C



having waited D



to be waiting


解析:



B


考查动词?ing


形式作主语。


句意:


今天上午在这里等是没用的,


周一再来


吧。在固定结构


it's no good/use doing sth.


中,


it


为形式主语,


doing


为真正的主语。



7


.(2013·菏泽模拟


)The


building


project


________


next


year


is


not


easy


________


in time.


A



being carried out; to complete


B



carried out; to be completed


C



to be carried out; to complete


D



to be carried out; to be completed


解析:选


C < /p>


考查非谓语动词作定语和状语。句意:明年将要实施的大楼工程要想按时

< br>完成并不容易。


第一空为不定式的被动式作定语表示被动、


将来;


第二空为不定式作方式状


语,用主动表示被动。



8


.(2013·皖南八校联考


) ________ a


lady of her necklace, the young man was


arrested on the spot by a policeman.


A



Having caught robbing B



Caught robbing


C



Being caught robbing D



Catch robbing


解析:选


B


考查非谓语动词作状语。 句意:那个年轻人在抢一位女士的项链时被发现


了,警察当场逮捕了他。


catch


sb


doing

sth.


表示“发现某人正在做某事”,


catch



the


young man


为动宾关系且表示完成,故用过去分词。




















语境暗示法



在解答冠词类试题时,


要注意三大原则:


一是判断表示泛指还 是特指;


二是判断空格后


的名词是可数名词还是不可数名词;三 是判断空格后的名词是抽象名词还是具体名词。




1


.(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)India attained ________ independence in 1947, after


________ long struggle.


A


.不填;


a








B



the; a


C



an;


不填


D



an; the


解析:选


A


考查冠词。


independence


为抽象名词,因此其前不用冠词;


struggle




lon g


来修饰此处表示具体的事物,其前应用冠词


a


。故选


A




2


.(2013·重庆高考


)The parents were shocked by ________ news that their son


needed ________ operation on his knee.


A



a; / B



the; /


C



the; an D



a; an


解析:选


C


考查冠词。“________ news”特指他们的儿子需要手术的消息,故第一< /p>


空应用定冠词


the


< br>operation


是单数可数名词,此处表示“一个手术”,故第二

< p>
空应用不


定冠词


an


。故 选


C




3


.(2013·山东高考


)It was ________ cold winter night and the moon was shining


brightly across ________ night sky.


A


.不填;


a B



a; the


C



the; a D



the;


不填



解析:选


B


考查冠词。根据语意可知 ,第一空泛指“一个寒冷的冬夜”,所以用不定


冠词;第二空特指“那天晚上的天空”, 所以用定冠词


the





一、不定冠词


a/an


的用法



1


.单数可数名词 前用不定冠词


a/an


表示泛指。



The “Chinese Dream” is a dream


to improve people's well?being


and a


dream of


harmony, peace and development.(2013·福建高考


)


“中国梦”是一个改善民生的梦,是一个和谐、和平发展的梦。



2


.在某些抽象名词前加不定冠词可使抽象名词具体化。



Being


able


to


afford


a


drink


would


be


a


comfort


in


those


tough


times.


(2012·山


东高考


)


在困难时期能够买得起一杯饮料是一个莫大的安慰。



3


.不定冠词用在序数词前不表示排序,而表示“再一,又一”。



He missed the gold in the high jump, but will get a second chance in the long


jump.(2012·全国卷Ⅱ)



他没得到跳高的金牌,但在跳远项目上还有一次机会。



4



a/an


相当于


every


,表示“每一”。




It's said John will be in a job paying over D|S60,000 a year.



Right, he will also get paid by the week.(


2011·江西高考


)


——据说约翰将获得一个年薪超过六万美元的工作。



——是的,他的工资将按周支付。



[


点津


]


高中常见的纯不可数名词有:


baggage,


luggage,


furniture,


health,


weather,


fun,


space


(

< p>
太空


)



advice,


word


(



news),


progress,


information,


news,


luck,


wealth


(


财产


)


等。以上不可数名词永远不能与不定冠词连用。



Beyond the stars, the astronaut saw nothing but space.


除了星星,宇航员只能看见太空。



二 、定冠词


the


的用法



1



用在名词前表示特指。



We are said to be living in th


e Information Age, a time of new discoveries and


great changes.(2012·四川高考


)


据说我们正生活在 信息时代,一个充满了新发现和巨大变革的时代。



2


.用在世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、发明物之前;或序数词和形容词最高级


之前。



Marco Polo is said to have sailed on the Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in


the thirteenth century.(2013·陕西高考


)


据说在十三世纪马可·波罗去爪哇岛途中曾航行经过太平洋。



[


点津


]


有些物体也是独一无二,但习惯上却不用冠词。



Animals are obviously the lowe


r form of life than man.(2013·江西高考


)


动物显然是一种比人类低级的生命形式。



3


.用在序数词和最高级前。



As is known to all, the People's Republic of China is the biggest developing


country in the world.(2011·陕西高考


)


众所

< br>周知,中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。



4


.用在表示计量的名词前如


by the hour



by the


d ozen


等,但若名词为抽象名词则


不加冠词如


by weight



by


height


等。例如


2011


年江西 卷的


by the week




三、零冠词的用法



1


.在不可数名词或可数名词复数前表示泛指不用冠词。



①Carl


is


studying


food


science


at


college


and


hopes


to


open


up


a


meat


processing


factory of his own one day.(2012·安徽高考


)


卡尔正在大学里学食品科学 ,他希望将来有一天开一家自己的肉食品加工厂。



②The Smiths don't usually like staying at hotels, but last summer they spent


a few days


at a very nice hotel by sea.(2012·安徽高考


)


史密斯一家通常不喜欢住旅 馆,但去年夏天他们在海边一家不错的旅馆住了几天。



2


.称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作宾语或同位语时,不加冠词。



Spence, headmaster of the school, told us, a fifth of pupils here go


on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.(2011·四川高考


)


这所学校的校长


Peter Spence

博士告诉我们:“五分之一的学生将继续到牛津或剑桥


大学深造”。




固定搭配法


< p>
固定搭配中冠词的考查是一大难点,


平常的积累非常重要,


因此要多留意一些短语中冠


词的使用。




1


.(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)Four


and


________


half


hours


of


discussion


took


us


up


to midnight, and ________ break for cheese, chocolate and tea with sugar.


A



a; a B



the; the


C


.不填;


the D



a;


不填



解析:选


A


考查冠词。句意:四个半 小时的讨论一直持续到半夜,在中间休息时我们


吃了奶酪、巧克力以及喝了点加糖的茶。 “四个半小时”可以表示为


four


and


a


half


hours



four hours and a half



break


意 为“休息”,是可数名词,这里表示泛指,其前应用


不定冠词。故选

A




2


.(2013·浙江高考


)People develop ________ preference for a particular style


of learning at ________ early age and these preferences affect learning.


A



a; an B



a;


不填



C


.不填;


the


D



the; an


解析:



A


考查冠词。


a


preference


表示“一种偏好”,


develop


a


preference


for“ 养


成对……的偏爱”,故第一空用不定冠词


a

< br>;


at an early age


是固定词组,意为“ 在很小


的时候”,故选


A


< p>




一、与不定冠词连用的常考习语



have a gift for









有……的天赋



get a lift/ride



as a rule


in a hurry










搭便车



通常,照例



匆忙地








偶尔



……的浪费



有……人口



有……的历史



有……


的面积



once in a while


a waste of







have a population of



have a history o


f



have an area of



a knowledge of



go on a diet



in a sense


at a loss















知道





节食



在某种意义上



困惑,不知所措





突然



……的问题



all of a sudden



a matter of




二、与定冠词连用的常考习语



in the end








最后,终于



on the whole



总之



for the time being


on the radio/phone


on the spot










暂时



通过无线电广播


/


电话



在场,到场,立即,马上,当场




说实话,老实说



to tell (you) the truth



not in the least (



not at all)


一点也不



make the most/best of


in the way









充分利用



挡路



在右


/


左面



on the right/left


三、用零冠词的常考习语



ahead of time


under repair



by mistake


by law























提前






在修理之中



错误地



根据法律



on board



at war



在船


(


或火车等


)







在交战



负债



乘飞机


/


走陆路


/


走水路


in debt



by air/land/water


out of work/order/con trol/date/patience/reach/breath/danger/season


失业


/


不按次序


/


失控


/


过时


/


失去耐心


/


够不着


/


上气不接下气


/


脱离危险

< p>
/


不合时令或不


在旺季



in use/danger/public



come/rank first



catch fire











正被使 用


/


处于危险之中


/

< br>公开地,当众



名列第一



起火



come to light


暴露,真相大白



come to power (



take office)


上任,掌权



make room for




为……腾出空间



< br>1


.(2013·西安市西北工大模拟


)



Have


you


listened


to


________


weather


forecast,


Linda?



Yes. It says that there will be ________ heavy rain this weekend.


A



the; the B



a; the


C



the; a D



a; a


解析:选


C


考查冠词。句意:“琳达 ,你听了天气预报了吗?”“是的,预报说本周


末会有一场大雨。”第一空表示特指,用 定冠词


the


;第二空


a heavy rain


表示“一场大


雨”。



2


.(2013·烟台市一模


)



Have you seen ________Audi car? I parked it here this


morning.



Is it ________ white one? A young woman drove it away just now.


A


.不填;


the B



an; a


C



an;


不填


D



a; the


解析:



B


考查冠词。


句意:


“你见过一辆奥迪车吗?我今天上午停在这里 的。


”“是


一辆白色的吗?刚才一位年轻女士开走了。”第一空 表泛指,用不定冠词


an


;第二空也表


泛指,用不定冠词


a




3. (2013·西安市高三二模


)In order to find ________ better job, he decided to


study ________ second foreign language.


A



the; a B



a; a


C



the; the D



a; the


解析:选


B


考查冠词。句意:为了找 到更好的工作,他决定再学一门外语。第一空表


示泛指;第二空中不定冠词用在序数词前 不表示排序,而表示“再一,又一”。



4

.(2013·长春市高三二模


)He told me ________ news that he got a new job in


________ excited whisper.


A


.不填;


an B



a;


不填



C



the; an D



a; the


解析:



C


考查冠词。


news


是不可数名词,且其后有定语从句限定,第 一空应加表示


特指的定冠词


the


;< /p>


in a whisper


为固定短语,


whisper


前有不定冠词


a


,又因 其




excited


修饰,所以第二空前用


an


,故选

C




5


.(2013·成都市高三二模


)Many people have come to realize that they should go


on ________ balanced diet and make ________ room in their


day for exercise.


A



a;


不填


B



the; a


C



the; the D


.不填;


a


解析:



A


考查冠词。


句意:


很多人最终意识到他们应该均衡饮食,


抽时间进


行锻炼。


第一空考查短语

< p>
go on a diet“节食”;第二空考查短语


make room for“为……腾地方;


为……让步”。


6


.(2013·唐山一中高三二模


)The party


was ________


success. We sang and danced


until it came to ________ end at midnight.


A



a; an B



a; the


C



the; an D


.不填;


an



解析:选


A


考查冠词。句意:晚会非常成功,我们又唱又跳,直到半夜才结束。第一


< p>
a success


表示“一件成功的事”;第二空考查短语


come to an end“结束”。




















语境提示法



语境提示法是解答介词类 试题最常用的方法,


要注意熟记介词的一些基本用法,


更要注< /p>


意一词多义。




1


.(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)A


serious


study


of


physics


is


impossible


________


some


knowledge of mathematics.


A



against









B



before


C



beyond D



without


解析:选


D


考查介词辨析。句意:没 有一些数学知识,不可能有严谨的物理研究。


without


在 此表示条件。



2


.(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)It was a real race ________ time to get the project


y, we made it.


A



over B



by


C



for D



against


解析:选


D


考查介词辨析。句意:为 了完成这个项目,我们简直是在和时间赛跑啊。


幸运的是,我们做到了。


against


表示“与……比赛”,符合句意。



3


.(2012·北京高考


)Do


you


think


this


shirt


is


too


tight


________


the


shoulders?


A



at B



on


C



to D



across


解析:



D


考查介词。


句意:


你觉得这件衬衣的肩部是不是太紧了?


across


表示“从


一边到另一边”,符合 句意。




近几年常考的介词中,一词多义或较难的有:



1



against


(


表示方位


)


倚靠着……;< /p>


(


表示态度


)


反对;


(


表示对比


)

< br>以……为背景



An


agreement


seems


to


be


impossible


because


the


majority


of


the


committee


members


are against it.(2012·陕西高考


) < /p>


看来意见达成一致是不可能了,因为大多数委员会成员都表示反对。



2



off

(


表示位置


)


在……的外面,在… …的沿海;


(


表示方向


)

< p>
偏离;从……离开



The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place off the main road at the far end of the


lake.(2012·辽宁高考


)


Well Hotel


坐落于湖尽头的大路附近一个非常安静的地方。



3



over


(


表示位置


)


在……的正上方,在… …的上面;


(


表示方向


)

< p>
越过;


(


表示等级或数目


)



于,在……之上,超过;


(


表示时间或过程


)


在……期间



I'm sorry I didn't phone you, but I've been very busy over the past couple of


weeks.(2011·山东高考


)


很抱歉我没有给您打电话,但是在过去的两周里我一直很忙。



4



beyond

< br>(


表示位置


)


在……另一边,在 ……更远处;


(


表示程度


)


超出,非……所能及



Everybody


was


touched


beyond


word


s


after


they


heard


her


moving


story.(2009·全


国卷Ⅰ)



听了她感人的故事,大家都被感动的无以言表。



5



with


(


表示关系


)


和……在一起;


(


表示状态


)


具有,


带有;


(


表示方式

)


用……,


凭借……;


(



示对象


)


关于



……;


(


表示伴随


)


随着;


(


表 示原因


)


由于,因为



The dictionary is what I want, but I don't


have


enough


money with me.(2010·重


庆高考


)


这本词典是我想要的东西,但我身上没带那么多钱。



6



through


(


表示位置


)


穿过;


(


表示时间


)


整个…… ;


(


表示手段、媒介


)


依据,经由



Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you through the tough


years.(2010·重庆高考


)


毕业时是向那些在艰难岁月里帮助过你的人表示感谢的好机会。




固定搭配法



固定搭配


中介词


(


短语


)


的考查是重点,主要包括与动词、名词、形容词的搭配。因此


多留意一些短语中介词的使用非常重要。




1


.(2013·山东高考


)The


Smiths


are


praised


________


the


w


ay


they


bring


up


their


children.

-


-


-


-


-


-


-


-



本文更新与2021-02-06 09:19,由作者提供,不代表本网站立场,转载请注明出处:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao/607066.html

高考英语一轮复习全套资料(含有答案解析)的相关文章