韩礼德语言功能总结

Chapter 12

Theorise and Schools of Modern Linguistics.

The Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure is

A. Sechehaye, collected lecture notes and put them together to produce the great work.

Saussure insists on the concept of Arbitrariness of language. And he saw human language as an

extremely complex and heterogeneous phenomenon. He believes that language is a system of signs,

which mean something and conventional. Moreover, his linguistic theorise on the nature of the linguistic

sign were also influenced by western economic theorise of the time.

The Prague School sees language in terms of function. And it would be meaningless if it's viewed in

isolation. It is best known for its contribution to phonology and the distinction between phonetics and

phonology. Trubetzkoy 's principles of phonology argued that phonetics belonged to parole whereas

phonology belonged to langue. A phonemes in so far as they can serve to distinguish meaning.

Function Sentence Perspective is a theory of linguistic analysis which refers to an analysis of

utterance in terms of the information they contain. Those Czech linguistics believe that a sentence

contains a point of departure and a goal of discourse. The point of departure is equally present to the

speaker and to the hearer

——

it is the ground on which they meet and is called the THEME, the goal of

discourse presents the very information that is to be imparted to the hearer, and is called the RHEME. J.

Firbas developed the notion of COMMUNICATIVE DYNAMISM, based on the fact that linguistic

communication is not a static phenomenon, but a dynamic one.

The London School is also known as systematic and functional linguistics. Malinowski said that

language is to be regarded as a mode of action rather than as a counterpart of thought which means the

meaning of a utterance does not come from the ideas of the words comprising it but from its relation to

the situational context in which the utterance occurs. He distinguished three types of context of

situation

: ①situations in which speech interrelate

s with bodily activity

；

②narrative situations

；

and

③situations in which speech is use

d to fill a speech vacuum -PHATIC COMMUNION.

Halliday and Systemic -Function Grammar.

SF Grammar has two components: systemic grammar and function grammar. Systemic grammar

aimes to explain the internal relations in language as a system network, or meanimg potential.

Functional grammar aimes to reveal that language is a means of social interaction. All systems have

3essential characteristics

: ①the term

s in a system are mutually exclusive

. ②a system is finite. ③the

meaning of each term in a system depends on the meaning of the other terms in the system. Halliday 's

systemic grammar contains a functional component.

The Ideational Function

It is to convey new information, to communicate a content that is unknown to the hearer.