-
Quiz of Linguistics
I. True or False
1. Dialectal synonyms can
often be found in different regional dialects such
as British
English
and
American
English
but
cannot
be
found
within
the
variety
itself,
for
example, within British
English or American English.
( F
)
2.
Sense
is
concerned
with
the
relationship
between
the
linguistic
element
and
the
non-
linguistic
world
of
experience,
while
the
reference
deals
with
the
inherent
meaning of the
linguistic form.
( F
)
3. Linguistic forms having the same
sense may have different references in different
situations.
( T
)
4.
In
semantics,
meaning
of
language
is
considered
as
the
intrinsic
and
inherent
relation to the
physical world of experience.
( T
)
5.
Contextualism
is
based on
the presumption that one can derive meaning from
or
reduce meaning to observable
contexts.
( T
)
6. Behaviourists attempted
to define the meaning of a language form as the
situation
in which the speaker utters
it and the response it calls forth in the hearer.
( T
)
7. The
meaning of a sentence is the sum total of the
meanings of all its components.
( F
)
8. Most languages have sets of lexical
items similar in meaning but ranked differently
according to their degree of formality.
( T
)
9. “It is hot.” is a
no
-place predication because it
contains no argument. ( T
)
10. In grammatical analysis, the
sentence is taken to be the basic unit, but in
semantic
analysis
of
a
sentence,
the
basic
unit
is
predication,
which
is
the
abstraction
of
the
meaning of a sentence.
( T
)
II. Gap Filling
1. Semantic can be defined as the study
of meaning.
2. The
conceptualist view holds that there is no direct
link between a linguistic form
and what
it refers to.
3. Reference
means what a linguistic form refers to in the
real, physical world; it deals
with
the relationship
between the
linguistic element
and the non-
linguistic world
of
experience.
4.
Words that are close in meaning are called
synonymy.
5. When two words
are identical in sound, but different in spelling
and meaning, they
are called homonymy
.
6.
Relational
opposites are
pairs of words that exhibit the reversal of a
relationship
between the two items.
7. Componential
analysis is based upon the belief that
the meaning of a word can be
divided
into meaning components.
8.
Whether
a
sentence
is
semantically
meaningful
is
governed
by
rules
called
selectional
restrictions,
which
are
constraints
on
what
lexical
items
can
go
with
what others.
9. An argument
is a logical participant in
a predication, largely identical with the
nominal element(s) in a sentence.
10. According to the name
theory of
meaning, the words in a language are
taken to be labels of the objects they
stand for.
III. Multiple Choice Items
1.
( D
)
A
、
is synonymous
with
B
、
is inconsistent with
C
、
entails
D
、
presupposes
2. The pair of
words “lend” and “borrow” are ___.
( B
)
A. gradable
opposites
B. relational opposites
C. co-hyponyms
D. synonyms
3. A word
with several meanings is called __word.
( A
)
A.a polysemous
B.a
synonymous
abnormal
D.a multiple
4.
The semantic components of the word “gentleman”
can be expressed as __.(
B
)
A.+animate,+male,+human,-adult
B.+animate,+male,+human,+adult
C.+animate,-male,+human,-adult
D.+animate,-male,+human,+adult
5.
The
phenomenon
that
words
having
different
meanings
have
the
same
form
is
called
______.
( D
)
my
my
my
my
6. One way
to analyze lexical meaning is ______.
( C
)
A. predication analysis
B.
stylistic analysis
C. componential analysis
D.
proposition analysis
7.
Synonyms
are
classified
into
several
kinds.
The
kind
to
which“girl”and“lass”
belong
is called ______ synonyms.
( B
)
A. stylistic
B. dialectal
C. emotive
D. collocational
8.
“Sweets” and “candy” are
used respectively in Britain in and
Am
erica, but refer to
the
same thing. The words are ______ synonyms.
( B
)
A. collocational
B. dialectal
C. complete
D. stylistic
9.
“How fast
did he drive when he ran the red light?”
_____
“He ran the red
light”.
( D
)
A. entails
B. contradicts
C. presupposes
D. includes
10.
Predication analysis is a way to analyze _______
meaning. (
D )
e
ce
11. The naming theory is advanced by
________.
( A
)
A. Plato
B.
Bloomfield
C. Geoffrey
Leech
D. Firth