-
非谓语：
（不能单独做谓语，但同时仍保留动词某些特征的动词形式。非
谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的
任何成分。
）
一、
不定式与动名词做主语
1.
动名词做主语往往表示普通的、
一般习惯的行为，不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为。
例句：
Reading
English
is
really
a
great
fun.<
这里不强调看一次，看两次
……
表示的是一般性的
行为
>
To
read
english
this
morning
will
take
most
of
my
t
ime.<
这里用不定式表示一次具体的行为
>
2.
形式主语
it
的运用
:
1).
不定式做主语
,
谓语用单数。往往用
it
做形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。
例句：
To
finish
the
job
took
us
two
hours.
It
took
us
two
hours
to
finish
the
job.
（注：在不定式做主语的被动语态句子中，必须用形式主语
it.
）
例句
:it
was
decided
to
go
for
a
picnic
tomorrow.
2).It is+/for do
sth.
当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词构成系表结构时，用
of,
否则用
for.
例句：
It’s
very
nice
of
you to
help
us.<
此时，
不定时的逻辑主语是
you
，
adj.
是
nice,
二者构成系表结构，
即可以说
you
are
nice.
此时应该用
of>
It’s
impossible
for
us
to
defeat
the
boss.<
此时就不能说
we
are
impossible.
因此应该用
for >
3).
用动名词做主语的句型：
It
is/was no good(use, useless, fun)+doing sth. It’s
worth while doing
例句：
It’s
no
use
cry
over
spilt
milk.
覆水难收
(it
用法远不止这几个后面会有补充
)
3
.
成分对称：主语和表语都是非谓语动词时，应保持形式上一致。
例句：
To
see
is
to
believe.
Seeing
is
believing.
眼见为实
be no +ving
例句：
There
is
no
parking
around
here.
No
smoking,please.
练习题
It
is
hard_________
his
mind.(to
change )
It
is
fun__________
with
a
foreign
man.(talking)
There
is
no
________what
will
happen.(telling)
I
like_________
this
novel
this
morning.(to
read)
二：做表语
1.
不定式做表语表具体个别的动作或有将来的含义。
例句：
My
wish
is
to
become
a
famous
writer.
2
、
现在分词做表语表示主语的性质与特征
,
表主动
（
interesting, amusing,
disappointing, puzzling, exciting
等）
；进行时表示
正在进行的动作。
例句：
i
am
teaching
the
child
to
swim
when
you
passed
by.
The
story
is
amusing. (
令人
....
的
)
3.
过去分词作表语表示主语所处的被动状态或完成某动作的状态。
例句：
The
shop
is
closed.<
表状态
>
The
door
was
closed
by
the
wind.<
表被动
>
4.
注意如下动词的现在分词与过去分词用法不同：其实这些
都是使役动词。
interest
，
surprise
，
frighten
，
excite
，
tire<
/p>
，
please
，
puzzle
，
satisfy
，<
/p>
amuse
，
disappoint
，
inspire
，
worry.
The
book
is
interesting.
The
news
is
surprising.
The
story
is
fritenting.
He
is
fritented.
After
hearing the exciting news, he gave a speech in an
excited voice.
练习题
The
problem
is
_
____
（
puzzling
）
The
village
is_______by
mountains. (surrounded)
She
is________ at
the
news.(surprised)
三：做宾语
1
只能用动名词做宾语的动词
<
口诀
>
a
考虑建议盼原谅
…cosider
suggest/advise
look
forward
to doing
excuse/parden
b
承认推辞没得想
…admit
delay/put
off
fancy
c
避免错过继续练
…avoid
miss
keep/keep
on
practice
e
否认完成就欣赏
…deny
finish
enjoy/appreciate
f
禁止想象才冒险
…forbid
imagine
risk
g
不禁介意准逃亡
…can’t
help
mind
allow/permit
escape
此外：
be
used
to/lead
to
/devote
to
/go
back
to
/object
to
/get
done
to
/pay
attention
to
/can’t
stand
/give
up
/feel
like
/insist
on
/thank
you
for
/apologize
for
/be
busy
(in)have
difficulty
、
trouble
in//have
a
good/wonderful/hard
time
in
//spend
time
in
等动词词组后面也加
doing
。
2.
跟动名词
或不定式做宾语，有区别的。
1).like,love,p
refer
后接动名词，表经常性的行为；接不定式，表具体的某次行为。如前有
would/should
，则后接不定式。但
feel like
只接动名词做宾语。
例句：
I
like
swimming
,but
I
don’t
like
to
swim
this
afternoon.
2).
在
allow,
advise, forbid, permit
后，如后有名词或代词做宾语，则用不
定式做宾补。
即
allow,
advise, forbid, permit +doing sth. / do sth.
例句：
We don’t
allow smoking in
the hall.
We allow
you
to
smoke
here.
3).
当
need,
require, want
做
“
需要
”
讲时，其后必接
to be done(
被动态
)
或
ving
（此
时
ving
也表被动意义）
，表事情需
要被做。
want/need/
require
＋动名词主动式
=w
ant/need/require
＋不定式被动式
即
nee
d/want/require(
需要
)+to be
done/doing/ do sth
例句：
The window
needs/want/requires to be cleaned/cleaning.
4).worth
后必须接动名词主动形式表被动。
即
be worth
+
名词
/doing
be
worthy to be done
be
worthy
of
+
名词
/being done
例句：
The place is
worth visiting.
The
place
is worthy
to be visited
The
place
is
worthy
of + a visit/being visited.
5).
在介词
but, other
than
之后的不定式。如介词前有
“do”,
则不定式省略
“to”,
否则就带
“to”.
<
前有
do
，后无
to>
例句：
We could do nothing but/other than
wait.
He had no choice but to wait.
另接不定式省略
< br>to
的有：
can’t
choose but, can’t help
but(
只好
), can’t
but
，
had better, would
rather.
Eg:He
cannot choose but stay on.
You
had better come here on time.
I would rather stay than otherwise.
6).
当不定式做动词
tell,show,
understand,teach,discuss,wonder,find out,
等词宾语时，
前常带引导词
how,
what,whether
，
why
，
who
等
+
to do,
但
why+
不带
to
的不定式。
例句：
I don’t know
what to do.
Can you tell me
why do it?
练习题：
1. I can hardly imagine Peter _____
(sail) across the Atlantic.
2. I would
appreciate your _____ (call) back this afternoon.
3. The discovery of the new evidence
led to the thief ______(catch).
4.
She didn’t remember ______(meet) him
before.
5. We have always
deeply regretted _____(sell) the house.
6.
The dictionary can’t help
______(learn) the language.
7. When do you plan to leave?
I mean ______
(leave) tomorrow.
8. He would like
_____ (sing) this song now.
9. Do you
feel like ______(have) a cup of tea?
10. The extra money allow us _______
(buy) a car.
11. This book is worth
_______(read).
12. This book is worthy
of _______ (read).
13. All cars require
_______ (service) regularly.
14. I
wonder how _____ (solve) this problem.
15. What we can do but _____ (sit) and
______ (wait).
16.
If
you
are
planning
to
spend
your
money
having
fun
this week,
better
______
(forget) it----
you
have
got
some
big
bills
coming.
四：做宾补
1..
感官动词
see,
watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to,notice
等和使役动词
have
后情况：
< br>1).
主动时，
do
原型表完成
；现在分词
doing
表正在进行。
例句：
I heard her
sing an English song just now.
I heard
her singing an English song when I passed by her
room.
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