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Unit 10 The Jeaning of America
Key to the Exercises
Text comprehension
I.
B
II.
1. F
2. T
3. T
4. T
5. T
III.
1. Because they symbolize “a manly and
legitimate passion for equality …”; They draw no
distinctions and recognize no classes
and they are favored by all the American people.
2.
Levi
Strauss
went
West,
taking
with
him
canvas
to
sell
for
tenting.
Since
the
canvas
wasn’t
suitable for tenting, he had them tailored into
stiff but rugged pants which were
badly
demanded by miners. So Strauss was in business.
3.
The word “jeans” derives
from Genes, the French word for Genoa, where a
similar cloth
as that used by Strauss
was produced; and “blue” refers to indigo, the
color Strauss had
his cloth dyed, hence
the pants got their name “blue jeans”.
4. At first blue jeans were largely
confined to the working people of the West. During
the
dude ranch craze of the 1930s, they
were first introduced to the East. Another boost
for
them came in World War II, when
blue jeans were declared an essential commodity
and
were sold only to people engaged in
defense work.
5.
Blue
jeans
can
be
purchased
for
the
suitably
proletarian
look,
and
they
adapt
themselves to any sort
of idiosyncratic use, and are suitable for various
decorations and
ornamentations.
6. The stru
cture of the
title is “the + + of + noun”, which indicates
passive voice, like
“the making of
history”, while the noun “jean” is used as a verb.
So the title means that
America is
“jeaned” or America became jeaned, i.e. America is
made a country unde
r the
fashion of jeans or jeans became an
overwhelming fashion in America.
IV.
1. They do not show
differences in the wearer’s professions and social
status; they only
show that the wearer
is as American as most Americans in jeans.
2.
For
two
years,
he
worked
as
a
peddler
of
low
social
status,
dragging
heavy
bags
of
various
articles from door to door and trying to sell
them, but he could barely manage to
support himself.
Structural analysis of the text
1. The incidents that led to the birth
of blue jeans:
1) Levi’s accidental discovery of the
need of the miners in the West for sturdy pants
that would stand up to the rigors of
the digging.
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2)
Levi’s brothers sent him brown cotton cloth made
in Nimes, instead of the previous
canvas.
3) Davis fixed copper
rivets on blue jeans as a kind of joke.
2. The incidents that made them popular
throughout the country:
1)
Blue
jeans
were
first
introduced
to
the
East,
apparently,
during
the
dude
ranch
craze of the 1930s,
when vacationing Easterners returned and spread
the word about the
wonderful pants with
rivets.
2) Another boost came in World War II,
when blue jeans were declared an essential
commodity and were sold only to people
engaged in defense work.
Vocabulary
I. Phrase
1. get around: spread
传播，流传，各处走动
2.
draw no distinctions: do not indicate differences
/ do not distinguish people according
to their social status
3.
eke out a living: make just enough money to
survive
艰难度日
4. jump at the opportunity: eagerly
seize the opportunity
迫不及待地接受机会
5. and
the like: and people or something of the same kind
诸如此类，类似的人或物
II.
1. favor;
2. sought after;
3. break up;
4. stand up to;
5. had run out of;
6. converts into;
7. adapted to;
8. word of mouth.
III. Word derivation
Fill in
the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given
words.
1. emigration
2. exaggerated
3. adaptable
4. conversion
5.
prosperity
6.
demanding
7. symbolized
8. profits
IV.
1. A;
2. D;
3. B;
4. D;
5. C;
6. D;
7. B;
8. D.
V. Synonym / Antonym
Give a synonym or an antonym of the
word underlined in each sentence in the sense it
is
used.
1. Antonym:
unequally
2. Synonym: simply, just
3. Synonym: pulling, dragging
4. Synonym: significance, importance
5. Synonym: following, subsequent
6. Synonym: dependability, durability
7. Antonym: soft, flexible
8. Synonym: only
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VI. Suffix
Write in each space one
word that has the same suffix as underlined in
each given word.
1. widen
quicken
2. symbolize
hospitalize
3. productive
explosive
4.
washable
drinkable
5. education
foundation
6. foolish
childish
7. careless
restless
8. atomic
heroic
Grammar Exercises
I. Put the
verbs into the simple past or past perfect.
1. had waited; turned up
2.
differed
3. felt; had been settled
4. had been read; were
5. refused; had seen / saw
6. had known
7. had spoken
8. had been built; was converted;
dissolved
II.
A: lost; it’s / has been; I’ve / have
spent; had always spent; have
B: haven’t ever had; don’t
have
A: found; had just quit
B: sounds; I’ll / shall do; did; I’d /
had considered
A: I’ve /
have just taken
III.
1.
√
2. had
been
—
was
3.
surprising
—
surprised
4. other
—
another
5. has
—
had
6. come
—
had come
7. have
bought
—
buy
8.
never bought
—
had never
bought
9.
assuring
—
assured
10. is
—
was
IV. Fill in the blanks with
the proper forms of the verbs given.
1.
repaired
2. educated
3. driving
4. picked
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5. talking
6.
disobeyed
7.
walking
8. come
V.
Give
a
negative
adjective
ending
with
-able
or
-ible
related
to
the
following
words.
(Negative prefixes
include -in, -im, -il, -ir, -un, -um, etc.)
1. inconceivable;
2. imperturbable;
3. innumerable;
4. irreparable;
5. unendurable;
6. unobjectionable;
7. uncontrollable;
8. unimaginable;
9.
ineradicable;
10.
unsaleable / unsalable;
11. irreconcilable;
12. inexplicable.
1.
agreement
2.
eligibility
3.
endure
4.
vision
5. resist
6.
move
7.
convert
8.
number
9.
access
10.
repair
Key:
1. disagreeable
2. ineligible
3.
unendurable
4. invisible
5. irresistible
6.
immovable
7. inconvertible
8. innumerable
9. inaccessible
1
0. irreparable
Translation
I.
1.
它们不辨身份，不分阶级：唯一的标签就是美国（制造的）
。<
/p>
2.
一到美国，
Levi
就发现，他的两个兄弟所说的那里
“
遍地机会，生计容易
”
言过其实。
3. Levi
的牛仔裤被引入东部显然是在
20
世纪
30
年代去西部
牧场度假的热潮中开始的。当
时许多度假回来的东部人口口相传，宣传了这种打了铆钉的
神奇裤子。
4.
这些裤子演变成了一
种传统，同时还获得了自己独特的历史
——
以至于后来公司在旧
金山
设了一座博物馆。
II.
1. He can’t
even draw a distinction between French
a
nd Spanish, let alone speak them.
2. In a craze for cultural relics in
the 1990s, old chinaware, such as those handed
down
from the Ming and Qing Dynasties,
were much sought after by collectors.
3. Despite the opposition of most of
his advisors, the general decided to take his
chances
on the battle and suffered a
total defeat in the end.
4. The Chinese
nation has stood up to the vicissitudes of
thousands of years and is now in
the
process of rejuvenation.
5.
I
wish
you
would
confine
your
talk
to
the
facts
rather
than
spread
word
about
the
biased
report in that newspaper.
6. The first thing he did after his
arrival in Paris was to convert all his money into
euros.
7. That Shakespearean play was
tailored to the taste of the Chinese audience when
it was
put on the Chinese stage, so
much so that it was more like a Chinese play than
an English
one.
8. You must abandon your native
language for some time, if you really want to
acquire a
good competence in English.
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