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2018
年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业硕士学位联考
英语试卷二
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read
the
following
text.
Choose
the
best
word(s)
for
each
numbered
blank
and mark, A.B.C or D
on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Why
do
people
read
negative
Internet
comments
and
do
other
things
that
will
obviously
be
painful?
Because
humans
have
an
inherent
need
to
___1___
uncertainty,
according to a recent study in Psychological
Science. The
new research reveals that
the need to know is so strong that people will
___2___ to satisfy their curiosity even
when it is clear the answer
will___3___.
In
a
series
of
four
experiments,
behavioral
scientists
at
the
University of Chicago Booth School Of
Business and the Wisconsin School
of
Business
tested
students'
willingness
to
___4___
themselves
to
unpleasant stimuli in an effort to
satisfy curiosity. For one ___5___,
each
participant
was
shown
a
pile
of
pens
that
the
researcher
claimed
were
from a previous
experiment.
The twist? Half of
the pens would
___6___ an
electric shock when clicked.
Twenty-seven
students were told which pens were rigged; another
twenty-seven
were
told
only
that
some
were
electrified.
___7___
left
alone
in the
room, the students who did not know which ones
would shock them
clicked
more
pens
and
incurred
more
jolts
than
the
students
who
knew
what
would ___8___.
Subsequent experiments replicated this effect with
other
stimuli,
___9___
the
sound
of
fingernails
on
a
chalkboard
and
photographs
of disgusting
insects.
The
drive to ___10___ is deeply ingrained in humans,
much the same
as
the
basic
drives
for
___11___
or
shelter,
says
Christopher
Hsee
of
the
University
of Chicago, a co-author of the paper. Curiosity is
often
considered
a
good
instinct
—
it
can
___12___
new
scientific
advances,
for
instance
—
but
sometimes such ___13___ can backfire. The insight
that
curiosity can drive you to do
___14___ things is a profound one.
Unhealthy curiosity is
possible to ___15___, however. In a final
experiment, participants who were
encouraged to ___16___ how they would
feel
after
viewing
an
unpleasant
picture
were
less
likely
to
___17___
to
see such an image. These results
suggest that imagining the ___18___ of
following through on one's curiosity
ahead of time can help determine
___19___ it is worth the endeavor.
“Thinking about long
-term ___20___
is
key
to
mitigating
the
possible
negative
effects
of
curiosity,”
H
e
says.
In other words, don't
read online comments.
学习资料
.
.
.
.
1.
A resolve
B. protect
C. discuss
D. ignore
2. A refuse
B.
wait
C. seek
D
.regret
3. A .rise
B. last
C. mislead
D. hurt
4. A. alert
B. tie
C.
expose
D. treat
5. A.
message
B. trial
C. review
D. concept
6. A. remove
B. weaken
C. deliver
D. interrupt
7. A. Unless
B. If
C.
Though
D. When
8. A.
happen
B. continue C.
disappear
D. change
9. A
rather than
B. such as
C. regardless
D .owing to
10. A. disagree
B. forgive
C. forget
D. discover
11. A. pay
B. marriage
C
. food
D.
school
12. A. begin with
B. rest on
C. learn from
D. lead to
13. A. withdrawal
B. inquiry
C.
persistence
D. diligence
14.
A. self-destructive
B. self-reliant
C.
self-evident
D. self-deceptive
15. A.
resist
B. define C. replace
D. trace
16. A. predict
B. overlook C. design
D. conceal
17. A. remember
B. choose
C. promise
D. pretend
18. A. relief
B. plan
C. outcome
D. duty
19. A. whether
B. why
C. where
D. how
20 .A. limitations
B. Investments
C
.
strategies
D. consequences
【答案】
1. A resolve
8. A happen
self-destructive
2. C seek
9. B such as
15. A resist
3. D hurt
10. D discover
16. A predict
4. C expose
11. C food
17.B choose
5. B trial
12. D lead to
18. C outcome
6. C deliver
13. B inquiry
19. A whether
7. D when
14.
A
20. D consequences
Section II Reading
Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read
the
following
four
passages.
Answer
the
questions
below
each
passage
by
choosing
A,
B,
C
or
D.
Mark
your
answers
on
ANSWER
SHEET.
(40 points)
Text
1
It
is curious
that Stephen
Koziatek feels
almost as though
he has to
justify his efforts to give his
students a better future.
Mr. Koziatek is part of something
pioneering. He is a teacher at a
学习资料
.
.
.
.
New Hampshire high school where
learning is not something of books and
tests and rote memorization, but
practical, reports staff writer Stacy
Teicher
Khadaroo
in
this
week’s
cover
story.
When
did
it
become
accepted
wisdom that
students should be able to name the 13th president
of the
United States but be utterly
bamboozled by a busted bike chain?
As
Koziatek
knows,
there
is
learning
in
just
about
everything.
Nothing
is
necessarily
gained
by
forcing
students
to
learn
geometry
at
a
graffiti
desk
stuck
with
generations
of
discarded
chewing
gum.
They
can
also
learn
geometry by assembling a bicycle.
But
he’s
also
found
a
kind
of
insidious
prejudice.
Working
with
your
hands is seen as almost a mark of
inferiority. Schools in the family of
vocational education “have that
stereotype ... that it’s for kids who
can’t make it academically,” he
says.
On
one
hand,
that
viewpoint
is
a
logical
product
of
America’s
evolution.
Manufacturing
is
not
the
economic
engine
that
it
once
was.
The
job
security that the US economy once offered to high
school graduates
has largely
evaporated. More education is the new mantra. We
want more
for our kids, and rightfully
so.
But the
headlong push into bachelor’s deg
rees
for all
–
and the
subtle devaluing of anything less
–
misses an
important point: That’s
not
the
only
thing
the
American
economy
needs.
Yes,
a
bachelor’s
degree
opens
more
doors.
But
even
now,
54
percent
of
the
jobs
in
the
country
are
middle-skill jobs, such
as construction and high-skill manufacturing,
according to the National Skills
Coalition, a nonprofit advocacy group.
But only 44 percent of workers are
adequately trained.
In
other
words,
at
a
time
when
the
working
class
has
turned
the
country
on
its
political
head,
frustrated
that
the
opportunity
that
once
defined
America
is
vanishing,
one
obvious
solution
is
staring
us
in
the
face.
There
is a gap in working-
class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs
most
aren’t
equipped
to
do
them.
Koziatek’s
Manchester
School
of
Technology
High School is
trying to fill that gap.
Koziatek’s
school
is
a
wake
-up
call.
When
education
becomes
one-size-
fits-
all, it risks overlooking a
nation’s diversity of gifts.
21.
A
brokan bike chain is mentioned to show
students
’ lack of ___
A.
mechanical
memorization
B.
academic training
C.
practical
ability
D.
pioneering spirit
22.
There exists
the prejudice
that vocational
education is for kids who
___
A.
are financially disadvantaged
B.
are not
academically successful
C.
have a stereotyped mind
学习资料
.
.
.
.
D.
have no career
motivation
23.
We
can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school
graduates ___
A.
are entitled to more
“
educational
privileges”
B.
are reluctant
to work in manufacturing
C.
used to have more job opportunities
D.
used to have
big financial concerns
24.
The headlong push
into
bachelor’s degrees for all ___
A.
helps create a
lot of middle-skill jobs
B.
may narrow the gap in working-class
jobs
C.
is
expected to yield a better-trained workforce
D.
indicates the
overvaluing of higher education
25.
The author’s
attitude toward Koziate’s schoo
l can be
described as
___
A.
supportive
B.
disappointed
C.
tolerant
D.
cautious
Test 2
While fossil fuels
–
coal, oil, gas
–
still generate roughly 85
percent of the world’s energy supply,
it’s clearer than ever that the
future
belongs to renewable sources such as wind and
solar. The move to
renewable is picking
up momentum around the world: They now account for
more than half of new power sources
going on line.
Some growth stems from a
commitment by governments and farsighted
businesses
to
fund
cleaner
energy
sources.
But
increasingly
the
story
is
about
the
plummeting
prices
of
renewable,
especially
wind
and
solar.
The
cost
of
solar
panels
has
dropped
by
80
percent
and
the
cost
of
wind
turbines
by close to one-
third in the past eight years.
In many
parts of the world renewable energy is already a
principal
energy source. In Scotland,
for example, wind turbines provide enough
electricity
to
power
95
percent
of
homes.
While
the
rest
of
the
world
takes
the lead, notably China and Europe, the
United States is also seeing a
remarkable shift. In March, for the
first time, wind and solar power
accounted for more than 10 percent of
the power generated in the US,
reported
the US Energy Information Administration.
President Trump has underlined fossil
fuels
–
especially coal
–
as
the path to
economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa, a
state he won
easily in 2016, he
dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy
source.
But
that
message
did
not
play
well
with
many
in
Iowa,
where
wind
turbines
dot
the
fields
and
provide
36
perce
nt
of
the
state’s
electricity
generation
–
and where tech giants such
as Facebook, Microsoft, and
Google are
being attracted by the availability of clean
energy to power
学习资料
.
.
.
.
their data centers.
The
question “what ha
ppens
when
the wind doesn’t blow or the sun
d
oesn’t
shine?”
has
provided
a
quick
put
-down
for
skeptics.
But
a
boost
in the
storage capacity
of batteries, and a
dramatic drop in
their cost,
is
making
their
ability
to
keep
power
flowing
around
the
clock
more
likely.
The
advance
is
driven
in
part
by
vehicle
manufacturers,
who
are
placing
big
bets
on
battery-powered
electric
vehicles.
Although
electric
cars
are
still
a
rarity
on
roads
in
2017,
this
massive
investment
could
change
the
picture rapidly in coming years.
While there’s a long way to
go, the tr
end lines for renewable are
spiking. The pace of change in energy
sources appears to be speeding up
–
perhaps just in time to
have a meaningful effect in slowing climate
change.
What
Washington
does
–
or
doesn’t
do
–
to
promote alternative
energy
may mean less and less at a time of a global shift
in thought.
26.
T
he
word
“plummeting”
(2)
is
closest
in
meaning
to
______.
A. rising
B. falling
C. changing
D. stabilizing
27.
According
to
Paragraph
use
of
renewable
energy
in
America_______.
A. is
progressing notably
B. is as extensive
as in Europe
C. faces many challenges
D. has proved to be impractical
28. It can be learned that in
Iowa_____.
A .wind is a widely used
energy source
B. wind energy has
replaced fossil fuels
C. tech giants
are investing in clean energy
D. there
is a shortage of clean energy supply
29.
Which
of
following
in
true
about
clean
energy
according
to
paragraphs
5&6?
A. Its application has
boosted battery storage
B. It is
commonly used in can manufacturing.
C.
Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.
D .Its sustainable exploitation will
remain difficult.
30.
It
can
be
inferred
from
the
last
paragraph
that
renewable
energy____.
A. will bring the US closer to other
countries
B. will accelerate global
environment change
C. is not really
encouraged by the US government
D is
not competitive enough with regard to its cost
Text 3
学习资料
.
.
.
.
The power and ambition of these
companies is astonishing
–
Amazon
has
just
announced
the
purchase
of
the
upmarket
grocery
chain
Whole
Foods
for
$$13.5bn,
but
two
years
ago
Facebook
paid
even
more
than
that
to
acquire
the
WhatsApp
messaging
service,
which
doesn’t
have
any
physical
product
at
all.
What
WhatsApp
offered
Facebook
was
an
intricate
and
finely
detailed tracery of its users’
friendships an
d social lives. Facebook
promised
the
European
commission
then
that
it
would
not
link
phone
numbers
to
Facebook identities, but it broke the promise
almost as soon as the
deal went
through. Even without knowing what was in the
messages, the
knowledge of who
sent them
and
to
who
was enormously
revealing
and still
could be. What political
journalist, what party whip, would not want to
know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups
in which Theresa May’s enemies
are
currently
plotting?
It
may
be
that
the
value
to
Amazon
of
Whole
Foods
is
not so much the 460 shops it owns, or the
distribution network, but
the records
of which customers have purchased what.
Competition
law
appears
to
be
the
only
way
to
address
these
imbalances
of power. But it
is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared
to
the pace of change within the
digital economy. By the time a problem has
been addressed and remedied it may have
vanished in the marketplace, to
be
replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a
deeper conceptual
problem,
too.
Competition
law
as
presently
interpreted
deals
with
financial
disadvantage
to
consumers
and
this
is
not
obvious
when
the
users
of these services
don’t pay for them. The users of their services
are
not their customers. That would be
the people who buy advertising from
them
–
and
Facebook and Google operate a virtual duopoly in
digital
advertising
to
the
detriment
of
all
other
media
and
entertainment
companies.
The
product
they’re
selling
is
data,
and we,
the
users,
convert
our
lives to data for the
benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants
farm
aphids
for
the
honeydew
that
oozes
from
them
when
they
feed,
so
Google
farms
us for the data that our digital lives exude. Ants
keep predatory
insects away from where
their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out
of
our
inboxes.
It
doesn’t
feel
like
a
human
or
democratic
relationship,
even if both
sides benefit.
This
article
was
amended
on
19
June
2017
to
remove
a
reference
to
Apple
which was not apt.
31. According to Paragraph
1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its_____.
A. digital products
B
．
user
information
B.
physical assets
C.
quality
service
32. Linking phone numbers to
Facebook identities may _____.
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