英文实验报告的格式和写法.

英文实验报告的格式和写法【转】

2010-10-04 06:03

一份最标准的实验报告的格式：

1. Abstract

2. Introduction

3. Method

4. Results

5. Discussion

6. Conclusion

7. Reference

分别来分享下近来学到的。。

Abstract

摘要摘要，就是整篇文章摘出来的要。

强烈建议整篇文章写完后再写摘要。

把文章每个部分选一些句子出来就可以拼凑成一个

abstract

了。

一个

abstract

的模板：

1

一两句话说明这个实验的主要理论依据，或者实验需要证明的假说。

2

一两句话说一下这个理论或者假说的相关的研究。

3

两三句话描述一下实验

4

两三句话概括一下实验结果

5

一句话说一个结论，解释一下这个实验的意义或结果的重要性

转一个别人的

example:

Does

a

child’s

focus

correlate

with

barometric

pressure?

if

so,

does

it

correlate

positively

or

negatively?

Tucker

(1999)

hypothesized

a

negative

correlation,

but

this

assertion

has

never

been

tested.

Our

team

used

the

MISHA CPT to measure the focus of a group of 150 third- grade students.

we divided the students

into three groups of

50 students. one

group took

the

MISHA

CPT

when

barometric

pressure

was

low,

another

group

took

it

when

barometric pressure was neutral, and the final group took it when

barometric pressure was high. the results found that children focused

significantly better when barometric pressure was low than when

barometric pressure was neutral or high. the results suggest that when

diagnosing ADHD, practitioners should give the CPT when barometric

pressure is neutral.

Introduction

Introduction

以实验目的为开头，解释一下这个实验需要证明的东西。具体实

验目的 视全篇实验报告长度而定，几段到几页都有的。

实验目的写完后介绍实验基本理论。

介绍一下前人或者文献里的相近相关的实

验，

写一下他们的成果 以及不到位的地方。

（

well,

如 果是学校安排的每年都要

做的实验就写写类似相关实验的优劣吧），这部分注意写

reference

。

然后介绍一下实验过程。

如果实验用 了一些非常见的仪器，也可以在这个部分

做一个简要介绍。

再转一篇我认为写得很好的

Introduction example

Introduction

In this lab, we explore the theory of optimal foraging and the theory of

central

place

foraging

using

beavers

as

the

model

animal.

Foraging

refers

to

the

mammalian

behavior

associated

with

searching

for

food.

The

optimal

foraging theory assumes that animals feed in a way that maximizes their

net

rate

of

energy

intake

per

unit

time

(Pyke

et

al.

1977).

An

animal

may

either maximize its daily energy intake (energy maximizer) or minimize

the time spent feeding (time minimizer) in order to meet minimum

requirements.

Herbivores

commonly

behave as

energy

maximizers (Belovsky

1986) and accomplish this maximizing behavior by choosing food that is

of high quality and has low-search and low-handling time (Pyke et al.

1977).

The central place theory is used to describe animals that collect food

and store it in a fixed location in their home range, the central place

(Jenkins 1980). The factors associated with the optimal foraging theory

also

apply

to

the

central

place

theory.

The

central

place

theory

predicts

that

retrieval

costs

increase

linearly

with

distance

of

the

resource

from

the

central

place

(Rockwood

and

Hubbell

1987).

Central

place

feeders

are

very

selective

when

choosing

food

that

is

far

from

the

central

place

since

they have to spend time and energy hauling it back to the storage site

(Schoener 1979).

The

main

objective

of

this

lab

was

to

determine

beaver

(Castor

canadensis)

food selection based on tree species, size, and distance. Since beavers

are energy maximizers (Jenkins 1980, Belovsky 1984) and central place

feeders (McGinley and Whitam 1985), they make an excellent test animal

for

the

optimal

foraging

theory.

Beavers

eat

several

kinds

of

herbaceous

plants as well as the leaves, twigs, and bark of most species of woody

plants that grow near water (Jenkins and Busher 1979). By examining the

trees that are chewed or not-

chewed in the beavers’ home range, an

accurate

assessment

of

food

preferences

among

tree

species

may

be

gained

(Jenkins 1975). The purpose of this lab was to learn about the optimal

foraging theory. We wanted to know if beavers put the optimal foraging

theory into action when selecting food.

We

hypothesized

that

the

beavers

in

this

study

will

choose

trees

that

are

small in circumference and closest to the water. Since the energy yield

of

tree

species

may

vary

significantly,

we

also

hypothesized

that

beavers

will show a preference for some species of trees over others regardless

of circumference size or distance from the central area. The optimal

foraging

theory

and

central

place

theory

lead

us

to

predict

that

beavers,

like most herbivores, will maximize their net rate of energy intake per

unit time. In order to maximize energy, beavers will choose trees that

are closest to their central place (the water) and require the least

retrieval cost. Since beavers are trying to maximize energy, we

hypothesized that they will tend to select some species of trees over

others on the basis of nutritional value.

Methods

这部分通常包括

Material

和

Procedure

两个部分。

Material

：

详细的写出实验用到的材料，设备，器材。像下面这样是不够详尽的：

Chromatography

Light bulbs

Computer

比较一下下面的：

LC-10AVP Plus High-performance liquid chromatography

24

incandescent

60W

light

bulbs

arranged

in

a

6*4

rectangular

matrix

(See

Figure 2)

Dell Precision T7500 (Xeon X5550 2.66GHz, 6GB RAM, 64 bit Windows 7

Professional)

另外，如果实验对象中有人 的话，介绍人数，群体背景。用

Subjects

来称呼。

比如

Subjects

We tested 150 third-grade students chosen at random from a pool of 346

applicants from eight London public and private elementary schools. the

students represented a fairly wide range of economic backgrounds. all

agreed to participate in our study in exchange for a 25 pounds gift

certificate from a local toy store.

Procedure

详细写出每一步步骤。

不要虚构理想化实验，

不要夸大某个过程

如实叙述即可。如果步骤比较多就用数字标出每一步。

example:

The test performed on the potentiometer was accomplished by winding a

string around the potentiometer shaft, attaching a mass to the string,

and

letting

the

mass fall.

The

change

in

resistance

of

the

potentiometer

with time indicated the acceleration of the mass. In this experiment it

was assumed that the constant Coulomb friction torque was the only

friction affecting the potentiometer. If this assumption were true, the

friction force from the torque would be Ff = T/r (where T is the torque

and

r

is

the

radius

of

the

potentiometer’s

shaft).

Likewise,

the

gravity

force would be Fg = mg (where m is the mass tied to the string and g is

the gravitational acceleration). A force balance then gives