I went to a group activity

I

went

to

a

group

activity,

“Sensitivity

Sunday”

which

was

to

make

us

more

36

the

problems faced by disabled people. We were asked

to “

37

a disability”

for several hours on

Sunday.

Some

members,

38

,

chose

to

use

wheelchairs.

Others

wore

sound-blocking

carplugs(

耳塞

)or bilndfolds(

眼罩

).

Just sitting in the wheelchair was a

39

experience. I had never considered before how

39

it would be to use one. As soon as I sat down, my

41

made the chair began to roll.

Its

wheels

were

not

42

.

Then

I

wondered

where

to

put

my

43

.

It

took

me

quite

a

while to get the metal footrest into

44

. I took my first uneasy look at what was to be my

only

means

of

45

for several

hours.

For

disabled

people,

“adoping

a

wheelchair”

is

not

a

temporary(

临时的

)

46

.

I tried to find a

47

position and thought it might be restful,

48

kind of nice to be

49

around for a while. Looking around, I

50

I would have to handle the thing myself!

My hands started to ache as I

51

the heavy metal wheels. I came to know that controlling

the

52

of the wheelchair was not going to be a(an)

53

task.

My wheelchair experment was soon

54

. It made a deep impression on me. A few hours

of

“disability”

gave

me

only

a

taste

of

the

55

,

both

physical

and

mental,

that

disabled

people must overcome.

36. s about

37.

B. interested in

t

ely

g

d

ed

C. aware of

usual

D. careful with

e

me

ng

ng

d

s

tion

ainment

D. comfortable

D. even

38. d

39. ng

ying

40. ient

41.

42.

43.

44.

d

45. ion

ication

ion

B. safe

B. just

ortation

ment

C. starting

C. still

46. ation

47. e

48. A. yet

49.

50. ed

51. A. lifted

52. A. path

53. A. easy

54. A. forgotten

55. A. weaknesses

B. pushed

B. suggested

B. turned

B. position

B. heavy

B. repeated

B. challenges

C. driven

C. agreed

C. pressed

C. direction

C. major

C. conducted

C. anxieties

D. guided

D. admitted

D. seized

D. way

D. extra

D. finished

D. illnesses

No one

knows

for

sure

when

advertising

first

started.

It

is

possible

that

it

grew

out

of

the

discovery that some people did certain kinds of work better than others did them. That led to the

concept

of

specialization,

which

means

that

people

would

specialize,

or

focus,

on

doing

one

specific job.

Let’s

take

a

man

we’ll

call

Mr.

Fielder,

for

example.

He

did

everything

co

nnected

with

farming. He planted seeds, tended her fields, and harvested and sold his crops. At the same time,

he did many other jobs on the farm. However, he didn’t make the bricks for his house, cut his trees

into boards, make the plows(

犁

), or any of the other hundreds of things a farm needs. Instead, he

got them from people who specialized in doing each of those things.

Suppose

there

was

another

man

we

shall

call

Mr.

Plowright.

Using

what

he

knew

about

farming

and

working

with

iron,

Mr.

Plowright

invented

a

plow

that

made

farming

easier.

Mr.

Plowright

did

not

really

like

farming

himself

and

wanted

to

specialize

in

making

really

good

plows. Perhaps, he thought, other farmers will trade what they grow for one of my plows.

How did Mr. Plowright let people knew what he was doing? Why, he advertising, of course.

First he opened a shop and then he put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers. That sign

may have been no more than a plow carved into a piece of wood and a simple arrow pointing to

the shop door. It was probably all the information people needed to find Mr. Plowright and his

really good plows.

Many historians believe that the first outdoor signs were used about five thousand years ago.

Even before most people could read, they understood such signs. Shopkeepers would carve into

stone, clay, or wood symbols for the products they had for sale.

A

medium

, in advertising talk, is the way you communicate your message. You might say

that the first medium used in advertising was

signs with symbols.

The second medium was

audio

,

or sound, although that term is not used exactly in the way we use it today. Originally, just the

human voice and may be

some kind of simple instrument, such as a bell, were used to get people’s

attention.

A crier, in the historical sense, is not someone who weeps easily. It is someone, probably a

man,

with

a

voice

loud

enough

to

be

heard

over

the

other

noises

of

a

city.

In

ancient

Egypt,

shopkeepers might hire such a person to spread the news about their products. Often this earliest

form of advertising involved a newly arrived ship loaded with goods. Perhaps the crier described