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高考英语重点长难句及词汇分析

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2021-02-02 17:35
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2021年2月2日发(作者:ange)


高考英语重点长难句及词汇分析




高考英语重点长难句及词汇分析




一、


The more


exposed


young people are to financial issues, and the younger they


become


aware


of


them,


the


more


likely


they


are


to


become


responsible,


forward- planning adults who


manage


their finances confidently and effectively.



【句式翻译】



年轻人越接触经济问题 ,


他们就能越早地了解这些问题,


他们就更有可能成为有


责任感的、早作打算的成年人,能够有信心地、有效地管理自己的经济问题。

< br>


【句式分析】



本句含有“< /p>


the+


比较级,


the+


比较级”的句式,同时又含有一个


who


引导的限制


性定语从句,修饰先行词


adults




【词语点拨】



1) expose


vt.


揭露;使暴露;


be exposed to


暴露于;接触



We must


expose


this shameful activity to the newspapers.



我们一定要向报社揭露这一无耻行径。




We should allow children to


be exposed to


new ideas.



我们应当让孩子们接触新思想。



2



manage

< br>v.


应付,设法对付;管理;能解决;


manage to do


设法做成



We need people who are good at


managing


.



我们需要擅长管理的人。




He


managed to


send the tourists to the airport in time.



他设法把游客及时送到机场。




Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water if they are not


managed


carefully.



如果掌控小帆船不够小心,它们在水中就容易翻。



【语法点拨】



the+


比较级,


the+


比较级 ”


,表示




……



……”


。如:

< br>


The more


we get together,


the happier


we



ll be.



我们越是多聚会


,


我们越快乐。



The longer


she worked at it,


the more enthusiastic


she became.



她越干越来劲。




二、


In today



s world, winners are


celebrated


and treated as heroes, but if doping and


gene-therapy


continue


to


affect



the


outcomes


of


major


sporting


events,


the


word



hero



will have lost all meaning.



【句式翻译】



在当今世界,


人们祝贺获胜者,


并把他们看作英雄,


但如果服 用兴奋剂和基因治


1


/


15


高考英语重点长难句及词汇分析



疗继 续影响着主要体育项目的成绩的话,


“英雄”就失去了它的全部意义。

< br>


【句式分析】



本句是由并列 连词


but


连接的复合句,第二个分句运用了将来完成时,同时 ,包


含有一个


if


引导的条件状语从句 。



【词语点拨】



1) celebrate


vt.


庆祝



The whole city


celebrated


the New Year with fireworks.



全城放焰火来庆祝新年。



2) affect


vt.


影响,感动




I told him firmly that his opinion will not


affect


my decision.


我坚定的告诉他,他的观点不会影响我的决定。



The audience present was deeply


affected


by his speech.


在场的听众都被他的演讲深深地打动了。




三、


One of the earliest epidemics on record happened about 500-550 AD when the


Roman emperor at the time was


attempting


to rebuild the Roman Empire.



【句式翻译】



历史上有记载的最早的 传染病之一发生在公元


500-550


年,

当时的罗马皇帝正在


试图重建罗马帝国。



【句式分析】



本句包含一个


when


引导的限制性定语从句,从句中运用了过去进行时。

< p>


【词语点拨】



attempt


v.& n.


尝试,试图



William


attempted


to find the solution to the problem.



威廉试图找到问题的解决办法。



He was nearly drowned in the


attempt


to swim across.



他在试图游到对岸去时差一点被淹死。



【语法点拨】



过去进行时的构成:


was/were doing

< p>
,表示“过去某个时间正在进行的动作”


。常


用的 时间状语有


this


morning,


the


whole


morning,


from


nine


to


ten


last


evening,


when, while


等。如:



What


was he writing


all day last Sunday?



上周日他一整天都在写什么?



My brother fell while he


was riding


his bicycle and hurt himself.



我哥哥骑自行车的时候从车上摔下来受伤了。




四、


Adverts


are


not


only


made


and


paid


for


by


business,


but


also


by


individuals,


organizations and associations that wish to


inform


or educate the public.


广告不仅


2


/


15


高考英语重点长难句及词汇分析



【句式翻译】



五、广告可由商家付费 制作,


也可以由想给公众传达某种信息或教育公众的个人、


组织 或协会来出资制作。



【句式分析】



本句是由并列连词


not only



but also


连接的复 合句,


第一个分句运用了一般现在


时的被动语态。



【词语点拨】



inform


vt.


通知,告知;构 成短语:


inform sb of sth


通知某人某事



I shall


inform you


soon


of


the date of my arrival.



我将把我到达的日期通知你。



I regret to


inform you that


I am unable to help you.



我遗憾地告诉你我没法帮助你。



【语法点拨】



一般现在时的被动语态的构成:


is/are done



表示


“现在经常性、


习惯性的动作,


并且主语与谓语动词之间为被动关系”




A lot of food


is wasted


every year.



每年浪费掉很多食物。



Millions of tons of waste and poisonous gases


are sent into


the air with the smoke.


数百万吨的废气和毒气随着烟尘散发到空中。




五、


Ever


since


they


were


first


put


on


the


market


in


the


early


1990s,


genetically


modified


(GM


转基因


)


foods


have


been


increasingly


developed


and


marketed


in


many


countries


in


the


world,


mainly


on


the


basis



of


their


promise


to


end


the


worldwide food crisis.



【句式翻译】



自从二十世纪九十年代 早期首次投入市场以来,


转基因食物就不断地在很多国家


开发和 销售,主要是基于想要结束世界粮食危机。



【句式分析】



本句是一个含有


since


引导的时间状语从句的复合句,


h ave


been


developed


and


marketed



是现在完成时的被动语态形式。



【词语点拨】



basis


n.



基础;构成短语:


on the basis of


以……为基础



Don



t evaluate a person


on the basis of


appearance.



不要以相貌取人。



Mr. Smith goes to the gym


on a regular basis


.



史密斯先生定期去健身房。





3


/


15


高考英语重点长难句及词汇分析




六、


The


Olympic


spirit


--


the


spirit


of


competition


which


emphasizes


taking


part


rather than


winning -- has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.



【句式翻译】



奥林匹克精神



强调参与而不是取胜的竞技精神


< p>
已经被为成功而不惜一切代


价的愿望所亵渎。



【句式分析】



本句是复合句


,


which


引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词


spirit



to


succeed


修饰


desire

,作定语。



【词语点拨】



rather than


与其;不愿;


而不是。用于连接两个并列成分,


连接两个名词或代词


作主语 时,谓语动词应与


rather than


前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致



Tom


rather than


his friends has been chosen.



是汤姆而不是他的朋友们被选中。



The sweater she bought was beautiful


rather than


cheap.



与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不如说它漂亮。



I decided to send an e-mail


rather than


telephone.



我决定发邮件而不是打电话。



【语法点拨】



有些名词后常跟不定式作定语,如:


time,


way,


right,


reason,


effort,


chance,


movement, ability, desire, tendency


等。如:



Thank you for giving me


a chance to make


a speech.



谢谢你给我发言的机会。



Mr. Green has


the ability to bring out


the best in others.



格林先生能做到扬人之长。




七、


When you set out to do something different, there



s no end in sight, so to find


myself in a position where I now have my own name on a contract of the publisher --


to be a published writer -- is unbelievably


rewarding


.



【句式翻译】



当着手去做不同的事情 ,


看不到结果,


所以,


发现自己的名字 写在出版商的合同




要成为一个出版 作家



是令人难以置信的回报。



【句式分析】



本句是复合句,包含有 三个从句,


when


引导时间状语从句,


so


引导结果状语从


句,


where


引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词


position

< p>


t


o find …


在句中作主语。



【词语点拨】



rewarding


adj.


值得的;有报酬的



So far my time with these children has been very


rewarding


.



4


/


15


高考英语重点长难句及词汇分析



到目前为止


,


我和这些孩子们度过的时 光非常有价值。



Government service can be a


rewarding


and secure career.



政府部门的工作可以很有回报,很有保障。



【语法点拨】



动词不定式可以作主语 ,


位于句首。


如果动词不定式短语过长,


为了避免句子头


重脚轻,可用



it


作形式主语,而将真正的主语动词不定式短语后置,具体用法


参 见第


17


句。如:



To obey the law


is the duty of everybody.



遵守法律人人有责。



To love and to be loved


is the greatest happiness in the world.


爱人和被人爱是这个世界上最大的幸福。




八、


Proudly reading my words, I


glanced


around the room, only to find my classmates


bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes.



【句式翻译】



自豪地阅读我写的内容 时,


我环顾整个房间,


却发现我的同学笑得眼泪都要流出


来了。



【句式分析】



本句是简单句,包含有三个非谓语短语,


reading my words



only to find


分别


作时间状语和结果状语,


b earing



作宾补。



【词语点拨】



glance


vi


瞥;浏览;后面常跟


at, through, over


等介词



I picked up the phone book and


glanced through


it.



我拿起电话簿,匆匆扫了一遍。



He


glanced at


his watch and left the room.



他匆匆看了一下手表,离开了房间。



【语法点拨】



动词不定式作结果状语 时,通常表示出乎意料的结果,常被


just



only


修饰,


置于句末,用逗号和句子分开。如:< /p>



I went to the classroom,


only to find


nobody there.



我去了教室,却没有见到一个人。



He rushed to the door,


only to discover


that it was locked and barred.



他冲到门边


,


却发现门已被锁死了。




九、


At


12


years


old


she


won


a


Guinness


Record


when


she


became


the


youngest


female


to


win


the


women



s


world


title


for


platform


diving


at


the


World


Championships


in Australia in 1991.



【句式翻译】



5


/


15


高考英语重点长难句及词汇分析



19 91


年,


12


岁的伏明霞就获得了一项 吉尼斯纪录,当时她参加了在澳大利亚举


行的跳台跳水世界锦标赛,成为最年轻的女子世 界冠军。



【句式分析】


< p>
本句是复合句,


when


在句中引导状语从句,< /p>


to win the women's world title



作定


语,修饰


the youngest female




【词语点拨】



championship


n.


冠军称号;锦标赛



We are proud for you to win the


championship


.



我们为你赢得冠军而骄傲。



All the gold medals for the


championship


fell to the team.



本届锦标赛的所有金牌都被这个队夺得。





十、


Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months, with a tendency to


strike


the


young and fit rather than the old, the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most


acute epidemic in history.




【句式翻译】



西班牙流感在十八个月 内夺去了五千万人的生命,


该病似乎专门袭击年轻力壮的


人,而 不是老迈长者,被认为是历史上最严重的一次传染病。



【句式分析】



本句是简单句,


包含有一个句式:


be believed to do/be


被认为做


……/



……



Havin g


killed



在句中作状语,< /p>


to strike



作定语,修饰


tendency




【词语点拨】



strike


vt.



攻(袭)击;打,打动;



(



)


敲响报


(



);


使突然想起




n.


打击;罢工



Snowstorms often


strike


that area in winter.



冬天暴风雪常常袭击那个地区。



Strike


while the iron is hot.



趁热打铁。



The clock


struck twelve


.



钟敲十二点。



I


was struck by


the beauty of the West Lake.


我被西湖的美景给迷住了。



It suddenly struck me


that I ought to make a new plan.


我突然想到


,


我应该制订一个新的方案。



The bus drivers have been


on strike


for several days.



公共汽车司机罢工好几天了。



【语法点拨】



1



(sth/sb)be believed to do/be


被认为做


……/



……= It is/ was believed that…


,在


6


/


15


高考英语重点长难句及词汇分析



这个句式中,


不定式作主语补足语,


可 以代替


believe


用于这个句式的动词还有:


say, suppose, think, know, report


等。如:



Do you know why Friday


is believed to be


an unlucky day?



你知道为什么星期五被认为是不吉利的日子吗?



The old castle


was believed to have


ghosts living in it for many years.



多年来人们一直相信这座古堡里面居住着幽灵。



The great pyramid


is believed to have been built


over a 20-year period.



人们认为建造这座大金字 塔花去了


20


多年的时间。



Yao Ming


is thought to be


one of the best basketball players in the world.



姚明被认为是世界上最棒的篮球运动员之一。




十一、


The best way to get rid of a negative serf-image is to realize that your image is


far from


objective, and to actively


convince


yourself of your positive qualities.



【句式翻译】


摆脱负面的自我形象的最好办法是意识到你的形象远远不是客观的,


同时主动地


使你相信自己的积极的品质。



【句式分析】



本句是复合句,


that your image is



是宾语从句,


to get rid of



在句中作定语,


to


realize





to actively convince



是并列成分,作表语。



【词语点拨】



far from


远离;远非,远远不是



The work he did yesterday is


far from perfect


.



他昨天做的的工作远非十全十美。



Far from relieving


my cough, the medicine made it worse.



这药非但不镇咳,反而使我咳嗽得更厉害。



2



convince


vt.



使信服;常用于以下结构:




convince sb of sth


使某人相信某事。如:



You need to


convince your boss of


your ability to do the job.



你需要让你的老板相信你有做这份工作的能力。




convince sb to do


说服某人做某事



It took me a long time to


convince him to


go with me.



我用了很长时间才说服他和我一起去。




convince sb+that


从句



使某人相信



I managed to


convince my friend that


I didn



t mean to hurt him.



我设法使朋友相信我不想伤害他。



【语法点拨】



1


)不定式


to do


作定语:具体用法参见第


19


句。


2


)不定式


to do


作表语:



7


/


15

-


-


-


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