-
2019
届二轮复习阅读理解中长难句结构及
词汇分析
一、
The more
exposed
young people are to
financial issues, and the younger they
become
aware
of
them,
the
more
likely
they
are
to
become
responsible,
forward-
planning adults who
manage
their finances confidently and
effectively.
【句式翻译】
年轻人越接触经济问题
,
他们就能越早地了解这些问题,
他们就更有可能成为有
责任感的、早作打算的成年人,能够有信心地、有效地管理自己的经济问题。
< br>
【句式分析】
本句含有“<
/p>
the+
比较级,
the+
比较级”的句式,同时又含有一个
who
引导的限制
性定语从句,修饰先行词
adults
。
【词语点拨】
1) expose
vt.
揭露;使暴露;
be
exposed to
暴露于;接触
We must
expose
this shameful activity to the newspapers.
我们一定要向报社揭露这一无耻行径。
We should allow children to
be exposed to
new ideas.
我们应当让孩子们接触新思想。
2
)
manage
< br>v.
应付,设法对付;管理;能解决;
manage
to do
设法做成
We need
people who are good at
managing
.
我们需要擅长管理的人。
He
managed to
send the tourists to the airport in
time.
他设法把游客及时送到机场。
Small sailboats can easily turn over in
the water if they are not
managed
carefully.
如果掌控小帆船不够小心,它们在水中就容易翻。
【语法点拨】
“
the+
比较级,
the+
比较级
”
,表示
“
越
……
越
……”
。如:
< br>
The more
we get
together,
the happier
we
’
ll be.
我们越是多聚会
,
我们越快乐。
The
longer
she worked at it,
the
more enthusiastic
she became.
她越干越来劲。
二、
In
today
’
s world, winners are
celebrated
and treated as
heroes, but if doping and
gene-therapy
continue
to
affect
the
outcomes
of
major
sporting
events,
the
word
“
hero
”
will have lost all meaning.
【句式翻译】
在当今世界,
人们祝贺获胜者,
并把他们看作英雄,
但如果服
用兴奋剂和基因治
疗继续影响着主要体育项目的成绩的话,
“英
雄”就失去了它的全部意义。
【句式分析】
本句是由并列连词
p>
but
连接的复合句,第二个分句运用了将来完成时,同时,包
p>
含有一个
if
引导的条件状语从句。
【词语点拨】
1) celebrate
vt.
庆祝
The whole city
celebrated
the New Year with
fireworks.
全城放焰火来庆祝新年。
2)
affect
vt.
影响,感动
I told him firmly that his
opinion will not
affect
my
decision.
我坚定的告诉他,他的观点不会影响我的决定。
The audience present was deeply
affected
by his speech.
在场的听众都被他的演讲深深地打动了。
三、
One of the
earliest epidemics on record happened about
500-550 AD when the
Roman emperor at
the time was
attempting
to
rebuild the Roman Empire.
【句式翻译】
历史上有记载的最早的
传染病之一发生在公元
500-550
年,
当时的罗马皇帝正在
试图重建罗马帝国。
【句式分析】
本句包含一个
when
引导的限制性定语从句,从句中运用了过去进行时。
【词语点拨】
attempt
v.&
n.
尝试,试图
William
attempted
to find the
solution to the problem.
威廉试图找到问题的解决办法。
He
was nearly drowned in the
attempt
to swim across.
他在试图游到对岸去时差一点被淹死。
【语法点拨】
过去进行时的构成:
was/were doing
,表示“过去某个时间正在进行的动作”
。常
用的
时间状语有
this
morning,
the
whole
morning,
from
nine
to
ten
last
evening,
when, while
等。如:
What
was he
writing
all day last Sunday?
上周日他一整天都在写什么?
My brother fell while he
was
riding
his bicycle and hurt himself.
我哥哥骑自行车的时候从车上摔下来受伤了。
四、
Adverts
are
not
only
made
and
paid
for
by
business,
but
also
by
individuals,
organizations
and associations that wish to
inform
or educate the
public.
广告不仅
【句式翻译】
五、广告可由商家付费制作,
也可以由想给公众传达某种信息或教育公众的个
人、
组织或协会来出资制作。
【句式分析】
本句是由并列连词
not
only
…
but also
连接的复
合句,
第一个分句运用了一般现在
时的被动语态。
【词语点拨】
inform
vt.
通知,告知;构
成短语:
inform sb of
sth
通知某人某事
I shall
inform you
soon
of
the date of my arrival.
我将把我到达的日期通知你。
I regret to
inform you
that
I am unable to help you.
我遗憾地告诉你我没法帮助你。
【语法点拨】
一般现在时的被动语态的构成:
is/are done
。
表示
“现在经常性、
习惯性的动作,
并且主语与谓语动词之间为被动关系”
。
p>
A lot of food
is
wasted
every year.
每年浪费掉很多食物。
Millions of tons of waste and poisonous
gases
are sent into
the air
with the smoke.
数百万吨的废气和毒气随着烟尘散发到空中。
五、
Ever
since
they
were
first
put
on
the
market
in
the
early
1990s,
genetically
modified
(GM
转基因
)
foods
have
been
increasingly
developed
and
marketed
in
many
countries
in
the
world,
mainly
on
the
basis
of
their
promise
to
end
the
worldwide
food crisis.
【句式翻译】
自从二十世纪九十年代
早期首次投入市场以来,
转基因食物就不断地在很多国家
开发和
销售,主要是基于想要结束世界粮食危机。
【句式分析】
本句是一个含有
since
引导的时间状语从句的复合句,
h
ave
been
developed
and
marketed
…
是现在完成时的被动语态形式。
【词语点拨】
basis
n.
基础;构成短语:
on the basis of
以……为基础
Don
’
t evaluate a
person
on the basis of
appearance.
不要以相貌取人。
Mr.
Smith goes to the gym
on a regular
basis
.
史密斯先生定期去健身房。
六、
The
Olympic
spirit
--
the
spirit
of
competition
which
emphasizes
taking
part
rather than
winning -- has been violated by the desire to
succeed at all costs.
【句式翻译】
奥林匹克精神
—
强调参与而不是取胜的竞技精神
—
已经被为成功而不惜一切代
价的愿望所亵渎。
【句式分析】
本句是复合句
,
which
引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词
spirit
,
to
succeed
修饰
desire
,作定语。
【词语点拨】
rather than
与其;不愿;
而不是。用于连接两个并列成分,
连接两个名词或代词
作主语
时,谓语动词应与
rather than
前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致
Tom
rather than
his friends has been chosen.
是汤姆而不是他的朋友们被选中。
The sweater she bought was beautiful
rather than
cheap.
与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不如说它漂亮。
I decided to send an e-mail
rather than
telephone.
我决定发邮件而不是打电话。
【语法点拨】
有些名词后常跟不定式作定语,如:
time,
way,
right,
reason,
effort,
chance,
movement, ability,
desire, tendency
等。如:
Thank you for giving me
a
chance to make
a speech.
谢谢你给我发言的机会。
Mr.
Green has
the ability to bring out
the best in others.
格林先生能做到扬人之长。
七、
When you set out to do
something different, there
’
s
no end in sight, so to find
myself in a
position where I now have my own name on a
contract of the publisher --
to be a
published writer -- is unbelievably
rewarding
.
【句式翻译】
当着手去做不同的事情
,
看不到结果,
所以,
发现自己的名字
写在出版商的合同
上
—
要成为一个出版
作家
—
是令人难以置信的回报。
【句式分析】
本句是复合句,包含有
三个从句,
when
引导时间状语从句,
so
引导结果状语从
句,
where
引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词
position
,
t
o find
…
在句中作主语。
【词语点拨】
rewarding
adj.
值得的;有报酬的
So far my time with these children has
been very
rewarding
.
到目前为止
,
我和这些孩子们度过的时光非常有价值。
Government service can be a
rewarding
and secure career.
政府部门的工作可以很有回报,很有保障。
【语法点拨】
动词不定式可以作主语
,
位于句首。
如果动词不定式短语过长,
为了避免句子头
重脚轻,可用
it
作形式主语,而将真正的主语动词不定式短语后置,具体用法
参
见第
17
句。如:
To obey the law
is the duty
of everybody.
遵守法律人人有责。
To love
and to be loved
is the greatest
happiness in the world.
爱人和被人爱是这个世界上最大的幸福。
八、
Proudly
reading my words, I
glanced
around the room, only to find my classmates
bearing big smiles on their faces and
tears in their eyes.
【句式翻译】
自豪地阅读我写的内容
时,
我环顾整个房间,
却发现我的同学笑得眼泪都要流出
来了。
【句式分析】
本句是简单句,包含有三个非谓语短语,
reading my
words
和
only to find
…
分别
作时间状语和结果状语,
b
earing
…
作宾补。
【词语点拨】
glance
vi
瞥;浏览;后面常跟
at,
through, over
等介词
I picked up the phone book and
glanced through
it.
我拿起电话簿,匆匆扫了一遍。
He
glanced at
his
watch and left the room.
他匆匆看了一下手表,离开了房间。
【语法点拨】
动词不定式作结果状语
时,通常表示出乎意料的结果,常被
just
或
only
修饰,
置于句末,用逗号和句子分开。如:<
/p>
I went to the classroom,
only to find
nobody there.
我去了教室,却没有见到一个人。
He rushed to the door,
only
to discover
that it was locked and
barred.
他冲到门边
,
却发现门已被锁死了。
九、
At
12
years
old
she
won
a
Guinness
Record
when
she
became
the
youngest
female
to
win
the
women
’
s
world
title
for
platform
diving
at
the
World
Championships
in Australia
in 1991.
【句式翻译】
1991
年,
12
岁的伏明霞就获得了一项吉尼斯纪录,当时她参加了在澳大利亚举
行的跳台跳水世界
锦标赛,成为最年轻的女子世界冠军。
【句式分析】
本句是复合句,
when
在句中引导状语从句,
to win
the women's world title
…
作定
p>
语,修饰
the youngest
female
。
【词语点拨】
championship
n.
冠军称号;锦标赛
We are proud for you to win
the
championship
.
我们为你赢得冠军而骄傲。
All the gold medals for the
championship
fell to the
team.
本届锦标赛的所有金牌都被这个队夺得。
十、
Having killed up to 50
million people in 18 months, with a tendency to
strike
the
young
and fit rather than the old, the Spanish Flu is
believed to have been the most
acute
epidemic in history.
【句式翻译】
西班牙流感在十八个月
内夺去了五千万人的生命,
该病似乎专门袭击年轻力壮的
人,而
不是老迈长者,被认为是历史上最严重的一次传染病。
【句式分析】
本句是简单句,
包含有一个句式:
be
believed to do/be
被认为做
……/
是
……
,
Havin
g
killed
…
在句中作状语,<
/p>
to strike
…
作定语,修饰
p>
tendency
。
【词语点拨】
strike
vt.
攻(袭)击;打,打动;
(
钟
)
敲响报
(
时
);
使突然想起
n.
打击;罢工
Snowstorms often
strike
that area in winter.
冬天暴风雪常常袭击那个地区。
Strike
while the iron is
hot.
趁热打铁。
The clock
struck
twelve
.
钟敲十二点。
I
was struck by
the beauty of
the West Lake.
我被西湖的美景给迷住了。
It suddenly struck me
that I
ought to make a new plan.
我突然想到
,
我应该制订一个新的方案。
The
bus drivers have been
on
strike
for several days.
公共汽车司机罢工好几天了。
【语法点拨】
1
)
(sth/sb)be
believed to do/be
被认为做
……/
是
……= It is/ was believed that…<
/p>
,在
这个句式中,
不定式作主语补足语,
可以代替
believe
用于这个句式
的动词还有:
say, suppose, think, know,
report
等。如:
Do you
know why Friday
is believed to
be
an unlucky day?
你知道为什么星期五被认为是不吉利的日子吗?
The old castle
was believed
to have
ghosts living in it for many
years.
多年来人们一直相信这座古堡里面居住着幽灵。
The great pyramid
is
believed to have been built
over a
20-year period.
人们认为建造这座大金字
塔花去了
20
多年的时间。
Yao Ming
is thought to
be
one of the best basketball players
in the world.
姚明被认为是世界上最棒的篮球运动员之一。
十一、
The best way
to get rid of a negative serf-image is to realize
that your image is
far from
objective, and to actively
convince
yourself of your positive qualities.
【句式翻译】
摆脱负面的自我形象的最好办法是意识到你的形象远远不是客观的,
同时主动地
p>
使你相信自己的积极的品质。
【句式分析】
本句是复合句,
that your image
is
…
是宾语从句,
to get
rid of
…
在句中作定语,
to
realize
…
和
to actively convince
…
是并列成分,作表语。
【词语点拨】
far from
远离;远非,远远不是
The
work he did yesterday is
far from
perfect
.
他昨天做的的工作远非十全十美。
Far from relieving
my cough,
the medicine made it worse.
这药非但不镇咳,反而使我咳嗽得更厉害。
2
)
convince
vt.
使信服;常用于以下结构:
①
convince sb of sth
使某人相信某事。如:
You
need to
convince your boss of
your ability to do the job.
你需要让你的老板相信你有做这份工作的能力。
②
convince sb to do
说服某人做某事
It took
me a long time to
convince him
to
go with me.
我用了很长时间才说服他和我一起去。
③
convince
sb+that
从句
使某人相信
I managed
to
convince my friend that
I
didn
’
t mean to hurt him.
我设法使朋友相信我不想伤害他。
【语法点拨】
1
)不定式
to do
作定语:具体用法参见第
19
句。
2
)不定式
to
do
作表语:
①
说明主语的具体内容。如:
My
only wish
is to do
something
for the public.
我唯一的愿望是为公众做些事。
②
表示不可避免将要发生的事。如:
The discovery
is to
have
a great effect on our life.
这个发现将对我们的生活产生重大影响。
③不定式作表语,且主语部分有
all,
what,
only
或是最高级形容
词修饰的名词和
实义动词
do
时,作表
语的不定式可省去
to
。如:
All you need to do now
is
have
a good rest.
现在你所需要的是好好休息。
十二、
Noticing
that
the driver was struggling to see through the snow
covering the
windshield, she found
herself wondering why there
couldn
’
t be a built-in
device for
cleaning the window.
【句式翻译】
注意到司机要很费力的
透过覆盖在挡风玻璃上的雪向外看,
她不禁想为什么不能
有一个
内置的设备来清除雪呢。
【句式分析】
本句是复合句,
that
和
why
在
句中引导宾语从句,
Noticing , covering
和
wondering
分别作状语、定语和宾补。
【词语点拨】
notice
①
vt.
注意到;
看到。
常用于
no
tice sb do sth; notice sb doing
sth
和
notice sth
done
结构中。
I didn
’
t
notice you wearing
a new
hat. =I didn
’
t
notice
you were wearing a
new hat.
我没有注意到你戴了一顶新帽子。
We
noticed
Jack leave
the house an hour
ago.
我们注意到杰克一小时前离开了这所房子。
No one but Miss Zhou
noticed
the flowers
on the table
changed
.
除周小姐外,没有人注意到桌子上的花被换过。
②
n.
注意;通知
The
notice
was
set above the door, and I
didn
’
t see it.
通知贴在门的上方,我没看见。
He
is too proud to
take notice
of
others.
他很骄傲,不理睬别人。
【语法点拨】
1
)现在分词
doing
作定语:在逻辑上与所修饰的名词之
间为主谓关系,也可改
成定语从句。
单个分词作定语一般放在被
修饰词之前,
分词短语作定语一般放在
被修饰词之后。如:
p>