常用金融英语词汇的翻译

）

城市合作银行

urban cooperative banks;municipal united banks

城市商业银行

municipal commercial banks

城乡居民收入增长超过物价涨幅

real growth in household income

持续升温

persistent overheating

重复布点

duplicate projects

重置成本

replacement cost

重组计划

restructuring plan

筹资渠道

funding sources;financing channels

初见成效

initial success

出口统一管理、归口经营

canalization of exports

出口退税

export tax rebate

储蓄存款

household

deposits

（不完全等同于西方的

savingsdeposits

，前 者包括活期

存款，后者不包括。）

储蓄分流

diversion of household deposits

储源萎缩

decline in the availability of household savings

传导机制

transmission mechanism

从价税

ad valorem tax

从紧控制

tight control

存贷款比例

loan/deposit ratio

存款保险体系

deposit insurance system

存款货币银行

deposit money banks

存款准备金

required reserves

D

打白条

issue IOU

大额存单

certificate of deposit (CD)

大额提现

withdraw deposits in large amounts

大面积滑坡

wide-spread decline

大一统的银行体制

(all-in-one) mono-bank system

呆账（请见

“

坏账

”

）

bad loans

呆账准备金

loan loss reserves (provisions)

呆滞贷款

idle loans

贷款沉淀

non-performing loans

贷款分类

loan classification

贷款限额管理

credit control;to impose credit ceiling

贷款约束机制

credit disciplinary (constraint) mechanism

代理国库

to act as fiscal agent

代理金融机构贷款

make loans on behalf of other institutions

戴帽贷款

ear-marked loans

倒逼机制

reversed transmission of the pressure for easing monetary condition

道德风险

moral hazard

地区差别

regional disparity

第一产业

the primary industry

第二产业

the secondary industry

第三产业

the service industry;the tertiary industry

递延资产

deferrable assets

订货不足

insufficient orders

定期存款

time deposits

定向募集

raising funds from targeted sources

东道国（请见

“

母国

”

）

host country

独立核算

independent accounting

短期国债

treasury bills

对冲操作

sterilization operation;hedging

对非金融部门债权

claims on non-financial sector

多种所有制形式

diversified ownership

E

恶性通货膨胀

hyperinflation

二级市场

secondary market

F

发行货币

to issue currency

发行总股本

total stock issue

法定准备金

required reserves;reserve requirement

法人股

institutional shares

法人股东

institutional shareholders

法治

rule of law

房地产投资

real estate investment

放松银根

to ease monetary policy

非现场稽核

off-site surveillance (or monitoring)

非银行金融机构

non-bank financial institutions

非赢利性机构

non-profit organizations

分税制

assignment of central and local taxes;tax assignment system

分业经营

segregation of financial business (services); division of business scope

based on the type of financial institutions

风险暴露（风险敞口）

risk exposure

风险管理

risk management

风险意识

risk awareness

风险资本比例

risk-weighted capital ratios

风险资本标准

risk-based capital standard

服务事业收入

public service charges;user's charges

扶贫

poverty alleviation

负增长

negative growth

复式预算制

double- entry budgeting;capital and current budgetary account

G

改革试点

reform experimentation

杠杆率

leverage ratio

杠杆收购

leveraged buyout

高息集资

to raise funds by offering high interest

个人股

non- institutional shares

根本扭转

fundamental turnaround (or reversal)

公开市场操作

open market operations

公款私存

deposit public funds in personal accounts

公用事业

public utilities

公有经济

the state-owned sector;the public sector

公有制

public ownership

工业成本利润率

profit- to-cost ratio

工业增加值

industrial value added

供大于求

supply exceeding demand;excessive supply

鼓励措施

incentives

股份合作企业

joint- equity cooperative enterprises

股份制企业

joint- equity enterprises

股份制银行

joint- equity banks

固定资产贷款

fixed asset loans

关税减免

tariff reduction and exemption

关税减让

tariff concessions

关税优惠

tariff incentives;preferential tariff treatment

规范行为

to regularize (or standardize) …behavior

规模效益

economies of scale

国计民生

national interest and people's livelihood

国家对个人其他支出

other government outlays to individuals

国家风险

country risk

国际分工

international division of labor

国际收支

balance of payments

国有独资商业银行

wholly state-owned commercial banks

国有经济（部门）

the state-owned (or public) sector

国有企业

state-owned enterprises (SOEs)

国有制

state- ownership

国有资产流失

erosion of state assets

国债回购

government securities repurchase

国债一级自营商

primary underwriters of government securities

过度竞争

excessive competition

过度膨胀

excessive expansion

过热迹象

signs of overheating

H

合理预期

rational expectation

核心资本

core capital

合资企业

joint- venture enterprises

红利

dividend

宏观经济运营良好

sound macroeconomic performance

宏观经济基本状况

macroeconomic fundamentals

宏观调控

macroeconomic management (or adjustment)

宏观调控目标

macroeconomic objectives (or targets)

坏账

bad debt

还本付息

debt service

换汇成本

unit export cost;local currency cost of export earnings

汇兑在途

funds in float

汇兑支出

advance payment of remittance by the beneficiary's bank

汇率并轨

unification of exchange rates

活期存款

demand deposits

汇率失调

exchange rate misalignment

混合所有制

diversified (mixed) ownership

货币政策态势

monetary policy stance

货款拖欠

overdue obligations to suppliers

J

基本建设投资

investment in infrastructure

基本经济要素

economic fundamentals

基本适度

broadly appropriate

基准利率

benchmark interest rate

机关团体存款

deposits of non-profit institutions

机会成本

opportunity cost

激励机制

incentive mechanism

积压严重

heavy stockpile;excessive inventory

挤提存款

run on banks

挤占挪用

unwarranted diversion of (financial) resources (from designated uses)

技改投资

investment in technological upgrading

技术密集型产品

technology-intensive product

计划单列市

municipalities with independent planning status

计划经济

planned economy

集体经济

the collective sector

加大结构调整力度

to intensify structural adjustment

加工贸易

processing trade

加快态势

accelerating trend

加强税收征管稽查

to enhance tax administration

加权价

weighted average price

价格放开

price liberalization

价格形成机制

pricing mechanism

减亏

to reduce losses

简化手续

to cut red tape;to simplify (streamline) procedures

交投活跃

brisk trading

缴存准备金

to deposit required reserves

结构扭曲

structural distortion

结构失调

structural imbalance

结构性矛盾突出

acute structural imbalance

结构优化

structural improvement (optimization)

结汇、售汇

sale and purchase of foreign exchange

金融脆弱

financial fragility

金融动荡

financial turbulence

金融风波

financial disturbance

金融恐慌

financial panic

金融危机

financial crisis

金融压抑

financial repression

金融衍生物

financial derivatives

金融诈骗

financial fraud

紧缩银根

to tighten monetary policy

紧缩政策

austerity policies;tight financial policies

经常账户可兑换

current account convertibility

经济特区

special economic zones (SEZs)

经济体制改革

economic reform

经济增长方式的转变

change in the main source of economic growth (from investment

expansion to efficiency gains)

经济增长减速

economic slowdown;moderation in economic growth

经济制裁

economic sanction

经营自主权

autonomy in management

景气回升

recovery in business activity

境外投资

overseas investment

竞争加剧

intensifying competition

局部性金融风波

localized (isolated) financial disturbance

开办人民币业务

to engage in RMB business

可维持（可持续）经济增长

sustainable economic growth

可变成本

variable cost

可自由兑换货币

freely convertible currency

控制现金投放

control currency issuance

扣除物价因素

in real terms;on inflation-adjusted basis

库存产品

inventory

跨国银行业务

cross-border banking

跨年度采购

cross-year procurement

来料加工

processing of imported materials for export )

离岸银行业务

off-shore banking

（

business

）

理顺外贸体制

to rationalize foreign trade regime

利率杠杆的调节作用

the role of interest rates in resource allocation

利润驱动

profit-driven

利息回收率

interest collection ratio

联行清算

inter-bank settlement

连锁企业

franchise

（

busines ses

）

;chain businesses

良性循环

virtuous cycle

两极分化

growing income disparity;polarization in income distribution

零售物价指数

retail price index

（

RPI

）

流动性比例

liquidity ratio

流动资产周转率

/

流通速 度

velocity of liquid assets

流动资金贷款

working capital loans

流通体制

distribution system

流通网络

distribution network

留购（租赁期满时承租人可购买租赁物）

hire purchase

垄断行业

monopolized industry

（

sector

）< /p>

乱集资

ir regular

（

illegal

）< /p>

fund raising )

乱收费

irregular

（

illegal

）

charges

乱摊派

unjustified

（

arbitrary

）

< br>levies

Ｍ

买方市场

buyer's market

卖方市场

seller's market

卖出回购证券

matched sale of repo

贸易差额

trade balance

民间信用

non- institutionalized credit

免二减三

exemption of income tax for the first two years of

making profit and 50% tax reduction for the

following three years

明补

explicit subsidy

明亏

explicit loss

名牌产品

brand products

母国（请见

“

东道 国

”

）

home country

Ｎ

内部控制

internal control

内部审计

internal audit

内地与香港

the mainland and Hong Kong

内债

domestic debt

扭亏为盈

to turn a loss-making enterprise into a profitable

one

扭曲金融分配

distorted allocation of financial resources

农副产品采购支出

outlays for agricultural procurement

农村信用社

rural credit cooperatives (RCCs)

Ｐ

泡沫效应

bubble effect

泡沫经济

bubble economy

培育新的经济增长点

to tap new sources of economic growth

片面追求发展速度

excessive pursuit of growth

平衡发展

balanced development

瓶颈制约

bottleneck (constraints)

平稳回升

steady recovery

铺底流动资金

initial (start-up) working capital

普遍回升

broad-based recovery

配套改革

concomitant (supporting) reforms

配套人民币资金

local currency funding of…

Ｑ

企业办社会

enterprises burdened with social responsibilities

企业集团战略

corporate group strategy

企业兼并重组

company merger and restructuring

企业领导班子

enterprise management

企业所得税

enterprise (corporate) income tax

企业效益

corporate profitability

企业资金违规流入股市

irregular flow of enterprise funds into the stock market

欠税

tax arrears

欠息

overdue interest

强化税收征管

to strengthen tax administration

强制措施

enforcement action

翘尾因素

carryover effect

切一刀

partial application

清理收回贷款

clean up and recover loans

（破产）清算

liquidation

倾斜政策

preferential policy

区别对待

differential treatment

趋势加强

intensifying trend

全球化

globalization

权益回报率

returns on equity (ROE)

缺乏后劲

unsustainable momentum

Ｒ

绕规模贷款

to circumvent credit ceiling