-
1
.
常见的用料
?
鸡
chicken
鸭
duck
鹅
goose
?
鱼类
fish
肉类
meat
猪肉
pork
?
牛肉
beef
小牛肉
veal
羊肉
mutton
?
小羊肉
lamb
牛尾
oxtail
里脊
fillet
?
排骨
spareribs
腰子
kidney
肚子
tripe
?
肝
liver
舌
tongue
内脏
offal
?
蹄子
trotter
胗
gizzard
鸡什
giblets
?
鹿肉
venison
鸡脯
chicken breast
?
甲鱼
turtle
海味
seafood
?
虾
shrimp
干贝
scallop
?
螃蟹
crab
鱿鱼
squid
?
海蛰
jellyfish
黄鳝
finless eel
?
海螺
whelk
野味
game
?
兔
rabbit
鸽
pigeon
?
鹌鹑
quail
龙虾
lobster
?
牡蛎
oyster
田螺
snail
?
田鸡
frog
蛇
snake
腌肉
bacon
?
香肠
sausage
火腿
ham
?
熊掌
bear’s
paw
?
鱼翅
shark’s
fin
燕窝
bird’s nest
2
.
煮前的准备工作
?
去骨
boning
?
例如,
去骨鸭掌
?
打鳞
scaling
?
例如,去鳞鱼
scaled
fish
剥
/
去皮
skinning
?
例如,去皮田鸡
skinned
frogs
脱壳
shelling
?
例如,虾仁
shelled
shrimps
腌制
pickling
?
例如,咸酸菜
pickled
vegetables
3.
常用刀法及用料形状
?
(
1
)
常用刀法
?
切片
slice
切丝
shred
?
切丁
dice
切柳
fillet
切碎
mince
?
捣烂
mash
酿入
stuff
?
(2)
常用用料形状
?
肉
/
鱼片
sliced meat / fish
或
meat / fish
slices
?
肉丝
shredded meat
或
pork shreds
?
肉
/
鸡丁
diced pork / chicken
或
meat / chicken cubes
?
肉末
minced meat
?
肉丸
meat balls
?
肉馅
meat filling
4.
中餐菜单翻译法
(
1
)
p>
直译法。英译时把对应的制作方法译出来,再以该菜的主要原料为中心词。
< br>
如:炖牛肉
Stewed
Beef
(
2
)
p>
直译加注法。
英译时直接按中文菜名译出其意,
然后再补充说明其内在含义。
如:
狮子头
Lion’s Head ——
Pork Meat
Balls
全家福
Happy
Family
——
A
combination
of
shrimps,
pork,
beef,
chicken,
lobster
and
mixed
vegetables with brown sauce
?
(3)
意译法。此法可分为三种情况:
?
1
)
原料<
/p>
+with+
作料。
< br>以原料为中心词,有时捎带把烹调法也译出,再加上用介词
with
或
in
与作料构成的短语即可。如:
?
海米白菜
Chinese Cabbage with Dried Shrimps
?
鱼香肉丝
Shredded Pork with Garlic Sauce
?
2)
作料
+
原料
。
即把作料用作修饰语,放在中心词原料的前面。如:
?
咖喱牛肉
Curry Beef
古老肉
Sweet & Sour Pork
?
3)
以
“
实
”
对
p>
“
虚
”
法。即舍去
中菜名里的喻义,夸张等说法而用平直,明白的英语译
出。如:
?
发财好市
Black Moss Cooked with Oysters
?
彩凤喜迎春
Baked
Chicken and Fried Quail Eggs
?
蚂蚁上树
Vermicelli with Spicy Minced Pork
?
龙虎凤大烩
Thick Soup
of Snake, Cat and Chicken
?
4)
“
移花接木
”
法。借用西方人熟悉并了解的欧洲菜名或主食名来译部分中菜名与少
数主食,因为它们之间有许多相似之处。译文地道,通俗易懂,能
收到事半功倍的
效果。如:
?
烤排骨
Barbecued Spare Ribs
?
饺子
Chinese-style
Ravioli
略有馅的水饺
?
5)
音
译加释义法。先按中文用拼音译出,然后再加以解释性的英译,使英译文保留
点
“
中国味
”
。
?
如:包子
Baozi
——
Stuffed
Bun
?
馒头
Mantou
——
Steamed
Bread
?
6)“
随机应变
”
法:原料
+
p>
地名
+Style
。应用此法可以灵活地处
理一些难以对付的地方
风味特色菜名。英译出原料名后,再稍加
“
点拨
”
就可以大功告成。如:
?
广东龙虾
Lobster
Cantonese Style
?
麻婆豆腐
Bean Curd Sichuan Style
5.
中餐常见的烹调方法
?
中菜的烹调方法至少有
50
多种,但大体不离:
?
煮
p>
(
boiling
)
,
煲
/
炖
(
stewing
)
< br>,
?
烧
/
焖
/
烩(
braising
)
,
煎(
frying
)
,
?
炒(
stir-frying
)
,
爆(
quick-
frying
)
,
?
炸(
deep-
frying
)
,
?
扒(
frying and
simmering
)
,
?
煸(
sa
uté
ing
)
,
煨
(
simmering
)
,
?
熏(
sm
oking
)
,
烤(
< br>roasting/barbecuing
)
,
?
烘(<
/p>
baking
)
,
蒸(
steaming
)
,
p>
白灼(
scalding
)等基本方法。<
/p>
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
煮
boiled.
如
“
煮咸牛肉
”
(
Boiled Corned
Beef
)
?
煲
/
炖
stewed.
如
“
清炖牛尾
” (Stewed Ox Tail in Clear
Soup)
?
烧
braised.
如
“
红烧牛蹄
”
(Braised Ox Trotters in Brown Sauce)
?
煎(<
/p>
pan-
)
fried.
如
“
煎明虾
”
(
Fried
Prawns
)
?
炒
stir-fried
如
p>
“
炒鸡丁
”
(
Stir-Fried Chicken
Dices
)
?
爆
quick-fried.
如
“
葱爆羊肉
” (Quick
-fried lamb with Scallion in
Ginger Sauce)
?
炸
deep-fried.
如
“
炸大虾
”
(Deep
-fried prawns)
?
扒
fried
and
simmered.
如
“
虾子扒海参
”
(
Fried
and
Simmered
Sea
Cucumber
with
Shrimps Roe
)
?
煸
sauté
ed .
如
“
干煸鳝鱼
” (Sautéed
Eel Slices)
?
煨
simmered.
如
“
煨牛肉
”
(
Simmered
Beef
)
?
焖
braised
如
“
黄酒焖猪排
”
(Braised pork chops in rice wine)
?
烩
braised
如
“
烩鸡丝
”
(
Braised chicken shreds with
peas
)
?
熏
smoked
如
“
熏鱼
”
(Smoke
d Fish)
?
烘
baked
如
“
烘鸽
”
(
Baked
Pigeon
)
?
蒸
steamed
如
“
蒸鲜鱼
”
(
Steamed Fresh
Fish
)
?
酱
/
醋
marinated
如
“
酱鸡
”
(
Marinated
Chicken
)
?
卤
spicy; stewed in gravy
如
p>
“
卤鸭
”
(
Spicy Duck
)
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
清蒸
steamed (in clear
soup)
如
“
清蒸桂鱼
”
(
Steamed
Mandarin Fish
)
?
清炖
stewed in clear soup
如
“
清炖甲鱼
”
(
Stewed Turtle in Clear
Soup
)
?
?
?
?
?
香酥
crisp fried
如
“
香酥鸡
”
(
Crisp Fried
Chicken
)
焦熘
fried in sauce
如
“
焦熘鱼片
”
(
Fried Fish Slices in
Sauce
)
甜酸
sweet and sour
如
“
甜酸肉
”
(
Sweet & Sour
Pork
)
胡辣
with pepper
and chili
如
“
胡辣海参<
/p>
”
(
Sea Slug with
Pepper and Chili
)
油淋
drip-fried with oil
如
“
油淋兔
”
(
Drip-Fried Rabbit with
oil
)
涮
instant-boiled
如
“
涮羊肉
”
(
Instant-Boiled Mutton
Slices
)
酿
stuffed
如
“
酿青椒
”
(
Stuffed Green
Pepper
)
烤
roast;
barbecued
如
“
烤鹅
”
(
Roast
Goose
)
白灼
/
微煮
scalded
如
“
白灼海虾
”
(
Scald
ed Prawns
)
红烧
braised
in
brown
sauce
如
“
红烧蹄筋
”
(
Braised
Pork
Tendon
in
Brown
Sauce
)
干烧
in pepper
sauce
如
“
干烧干贝
”
(
Scallop in Pepper
Sauce
)
麻辣
with hot
pepper
如
“
麻辣豆腐
”
(
Bean
Curd with Hot Pepper / Spice Bean
Curd
)
酱爆
in bean sauce
如
“
酱爆肉丁
”
(
Diced Pork in Bean
Sauce
)
鱼香
in (spicy)
garlic sauce
如
“
鱼香肉丝
”
(
Shredded
Pork in Garlic Sauce
)
糖醋
with sweet and sour sauce
如<
/p>
“
糖醋排骨
”
(
Spareribs with Sweet and
Sour Sauce
)
宫保
with chili and
peanuts
如
“
宫保鸡丁
”
(
Diced Chicken with Chili
and Peanuts
)
脆皮
crisp (in
spicy sauce)
如
“
脆皮鱼
”
(
Crisp
Fish
)
?
?
?
?
?
?
干煸
dry-sauté
ed
如
“
干煸季豆
”
(
Dry-sauté
ed
String Beans
)
盐水
boiled in salt
water
如
“
盐水虾
”
(
Boiled Shrimps in
Salt Water
)
家常
home style <
/p>
如
“
家常豆腐
”
(
Bean Curd Home
Style
)
陈皮
with spicy
orange peel
如
“
陈皮鸡
”
(
Chicken in Spicy Orange
Peel
)
回锅
double-
sauté
ed
如
“
回锅肉
”
(
Double-sauté
ed
Pork Slices
)
五香
spiced
如
“
五香牛肉
”
(Spiced Beef)
?
干炸
dry deep-fried
如
“
干炸羊肉
”
(
Dry Deep-fried Lamb
Breast
)
?
软炸
soft deep-fried
如
“
软炸里脊
”
(
Soft-fried Pork
Fillet
)
?
酥炸
crisp deep-fried
如
“
酥炸羊脯
”
(
Crisp Fried Lamb
Breast
)
?
砂锅
in casserole
如
“
砂锅鱼翅
”
(
Shark’s Fin in
Casserole
)
?
锅巴
with
sizzling
/crispy
rice
crust
如
“
锅巴海参
”
(
Sea
Slug
with
Sizzling
/
Crispy
Rice Crust
)
?
芙蓉
with egg white
如
“
芙蓉海参
” (Sea Cucumbers with Egg white)
?
麻酱
with sesame
paste
如
“
麻酱海参
”
(
Beche-de-mer with
Sesame Paste
)
?
三鲜
with
two
other
delicacies
如
“
三鲜海参
”
(
Sea
Cucumbers
with
Other
Two
Delicacies
)
?
醋溜
in
distilled
grains
sauce
如
“
醋溜鸡片
”
(
Sliced
Chicken
in
Distilled
Grains
Sauce
)
?
串烤
skewered
如
“
串烤羊肉青椒
”
p>
(
Skewered Mutton
with Green Pepper
)
?
铁扒
grilled
如
“
铁扒乳鸽
”
(
Grilled Baby
Pigeon
)
?
烧烤
roast
< br>如
“
烤乳猪
”
< br>(
Roast Suckling
Pig
)
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
凉拌
in soy sauce <
/p>
如
“
凉拌海蛰
”
(
Jellyfish in Soy
Sauce
)
酸辣
hot and sour <
/p>
如
“
酸辣黄瓜
”
(
Hot and Sour
Cucumber
)
姜汁
in ginger
sauce
如
“
姜汁扁豆
”
(
Snap Beans in
Ginger Sauce
)
蚝油
in oyster
sauce
如
“
蚝油香菇
”
(
Mushrooms in Oyster
Sauce
)
蒜泥
with mashed
garlic
如
“
蒜泥胡豆
”
(
Broad Beans with
Mashed Garlic
)
什锦
mixed;
assorted
如
“
什锦丝冬
粉
” (Assorted Shreds with Vermicelli)
茄汁
in
tomato sauce
如
“
茄汁鸡脯
”
(
Chicken Breast in Tomato
Sauce
)
咖喱
with curry
如
“
咖喱牛肉
”
(
Fried Beef withy
Curry
)
八宝
(stuffed)
with
eight
delicacies
如
“
八宝鸡
”
(
Chicken
Stuffed
with
Eight
Delicacies
)
葱爆
quick-fried
with
scallion
in
ginger
sauce
如
“
葱爆羊肉
”
(
Quick-fried
Lamb
with Scallion in Ginger
Sauce
)
粉蒸
steamed in
rice flour
如
“
粉蒸
牛肉
”
(
Steamed Beef
in Rice Flour
)
奶油
in cream sauce
如
“
奶油鱼肚
”
(
Fried Fish Maw in Cream
Sauce
)
木犀
with scrambled
eggs and fungus
如
“
木犀肉
”
(
Fried Pork with Scrambled
Eggs
and Fungus
)
醉
liquor-preserved
如
“
醉蟹
”
(
Liquor-preserved
Crabs
)
辣味
in chili sauce
如
“
辣味烩虾
”
(
Braised Prawns in Rice
Wine
)
豆豉
in black bean
sauce
如
“
豆豉桂鱼
”
(
Mandarin Fish in
Black Bean Sauce
)
?
黄焖
braised in rice wine
如
“
黄焖大虾
”
(
Braised Prawns in Rice
Wine
)
?
椒盐
with pepper and salt
如
“
椒盐排骨
”
(
Spare Ribs with Pepper and
Salt
)
?
怪味
multi-flavored
如
“
怪味鸡
”
(
Multi-flavored
Chicken
)
中国小吃英文表达
?
中式早點
烧饼
Clay oven rolls
油条
Fried bread
stick
韭菜盒
Fried leek dumplings
水饺
Boiled
dumplings
蒸饺
Steamed dumplings
馒头
Steamed buns
割包
Steamed sandwich
饭团
Rice and
vegetable roll
蛋饼
Egg cakes
皮蛋
100-year egg
咸鸭蛋
Salted duck
egg
豆浆
Soybean milk
?
饭
类
?
稀饭
Rice porridge
白饭
Plain white
rice
油饭
Glutinous oil rice
糯米饭
Glutinous
rice
卤肉饭
Braised pork rice
蛋炒饭
Fried rice
with egg
地瓜粥
Sweet potato congee
?
面
类
?
馄饨面
Wonton & noodles
刀削面
Sliced
noodles
麻辣面
Spicy hot noodles
麻酱面
Sesame paste
noodles
鴨肉面
Duck with noodles
鱔魚面
Eel noodles
乌龙面
Seafood noodles
榨菜肉丝面
Pork ,
pickled mustard green noodles
牡蛎细面
Oyster thin
noodles
板条
Flat noodles
米粉
Rice noodles
炒米粉
Fried rice noodles
冬粉
Green bean
noodle
?
汤
类
?
鱼丸汤
Fish ball
soup
貢丸汤
Meat ball soup
蛋花汤
Egg &
vegetable soup
蛤蜊汤
Clams soup
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