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Unit 3 Under the sea
课时作业
Ⅰ
.
阅读理解
(2019·北京高考
)By
the
end
of
the
century,
if
not
sooner,
the
world's
oceans
will
be bluer and greener
thanks to a warming climate, according to a new
study.
At
the
heart
of
the
phenomenon
lie
tiny
marine
microorganisms
(
海洋微生物
)
called
phytoplankton.
Because
of
the
way
light
reflects
off
the
organisms,
these
phytoplankton create colourful patterns
at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies
from
green
to
blue,
depending
on
the
type
and
concentration
of
phytoplankton.
Climate
change
will
fuel
the
growth
of
phytoplankton
in
some
areas,
while
reducing
it
in
other
spots, leading to
changes in the ocean's appearance.
Phytoplankton live at the ocean
surface, where they pull carbon dioxide
(
二氧
化碳
) into the
ocean while giving off oxygen. When these
organisms die, they bury
carbon in the
deep ocean, an important process that helps to
regulate the global
climate. But
phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's
warming trend. Warming
changes key
characteristics of the ocean and can affect
phytoplankton growth, since
they need
not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but
also nutrients.
Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a
scientist in MIT's Center for Global Change
Science,
built a climate model that
projects changes to the oceans throughout the
century.
In a world that warms up by
3
℃，
it found that multiple
changes to the colour of
the oceans
would occur. The model projects that currently
blue areas with little
phytoplankton
could
become
even
bluer.
But
in
some
waters,
such
as
those
of
the
Arctic,
a
warming will make conditions riper for
phytoplankton, and these areas will turn
greener.
“
Not
only
are
the
quantities
of
phytoplankton
in
the
ocean
changin
g
，
”
she
said, “but the type of phytoplankton
is changing.”
And
why
does
that
matter?
Phytoplankton
are
the
base
of
the
food
web.
If
certain
kinds
begin
to
disappear
from
the
ocean,
Dutkiewicz
said, “it
will
change
the
type
of fish that will be
able to survive.” Those kinds of changes could
affect the food
chain.
Whatever
colour
changes
the
ocean
experiences
in
the
coming
decades
will
probably
be too gradual and
unnoticeable, but they could mean significant
changes.
“
It'll
be a while before we can statistically
show that the changes are happening because
of climate
change
，
”
Dutkiewicz said, “but the change in the
colour of the ocean
will be one of the
early warning signals that we really have changed
our planet.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。调
查表明，由于气候变暖，全球的海洋将会变得更蓝、
更绿。
1
．
What are the
first two paragraphs mainly about?
A
．
The various
patterns at the ocean surface.
B
．
The cause of
the changes in ocean colour.
C
．
The way light
reflects off marine organisms.
D
．
The efforts to
fuel the growth of phytoplankton.
答案：
B
段落大意题。文章第一段点
题：由于气候变暖，全球的海洋将会变得更蓝、更
绿。第二段介绍由于光从生物体反射的
方式，这些浮游植物在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图
案；气候变化又使得这些浮游植物在
某些区域加速生长而在其他地方有所减少，导致海洋表
面的颜色变化。由此可知前两段讲
了海洋颜色变化的原因，故
B
项正确。
2
．What does the underlined
word“vulnerable” in Paragraph 3 probably
mean?
A
．
Sensitive.
C
．
Significant.
B
．
Beneficial.
D
．
Unnoticeable.
答案：
A
词义猜测题。画线词后一句
提到，气候变暖改变了海洋的主要特点并能影响浮
游植物的生长，因为它们要生长不仅仅
需要阳光和二氧化碳，也需要营养。由此可知，这些
浮游植物对海洋变暖很敏感，故
A
项正确。
3
．
What can we
learn from the passage?
A
．
Phytoplankton
play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.
B
．
Dutkiewicz's
model aims to project phytoplankton changes.
C
．
Phytoplankton
have been used to control global climate.
D
．
Oceans with
more phytoplankton may appear greener.
答案：
D
推理判断题。文章倒数第二
段提到这些浮游植物是海洋食物链的基础，如果某
些种类的浮游植物消失了，会影响能存
活的鱼的类型，从而影响海洋食物链，并结合文章第
四段倒数第二句可知浮游植物多的区
域海水会变得更绿，故
D
项正确。
4
．
What is the
main purpose of the passage?
A
．
To assess the
consequences of ocean colour changes.
B
．
To analyse the
composition of the ocean food chain.
C
．
To explain the
effects of climate change on oceans.
D
．
To introduce a
new method to study phytoplankton.
答案：
C
主旨大意题。
文章主要论述了随着气候变暖，
全球的海洋将会变得更蓝、
< br>更绿，
即气候变化对海洋有影响，故
C
< br>项正确。
I
don't
think
I
can
recall
a
time
when
I
wasn't
aware
of
the
beauty
of
the
ocean.
Growing up in Australia, I had the good
fortune of having the sea at my side. The
first
time
I
went
to
Halfmoon
Bay,
I_suddenly_had_the_feel
ing_of_not_being_able_to_
feel_the_ground_with_my_feet_anymore.
For my 10th birthday, my sister and I
were taken out to the Great Barrier Reef.
There were fish in different colors,
caves and layers of coral. They made such an
impression on me. When I learned that
only 1 percent of Australia's Coral Sea was
protected, I was shocked. Australian
marine life is particularly important because
the reefs have more marine species than
any other country on earth. But sadly, only
45% of the world's reefs are considered
healthy.
This
statistic
is
depressing,
so
it's
important
for
us
to
do
everything
to
protect
them. The hope that
the Coral Sea remains a complete ecosystem has led
me to take
action. I've become involved
with the Protect Our Coral Sea activity, which
aims to
create
the
largest
marine
park
in
the
world.
It
would
serve
as
a
place
where
the
ocean's
species will all
have a safe place forever.
Together,
Angus and I created a little video and we hope it
will inspire people
to be a part of the
movement. Angus also shares many beautiful
childhood memories
of the ocean as a
young boy, who grew up sailing, admiring the
beauty of the ocean,
and
trying
to
find
the
secrets
of
ocean
species.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。在澳大利亚长大的作者对海洋有着深厚的感情，当他得
知珊瑚和海洋生物正处在非常危险的状态时，他决定为保护海洋环境作出自己的努力。
5
．
From
the underlined sentence in Para. 1, we can learn
the author ________.
A
．
seldom went
surfing at the sea
B
．
forgot his
experiences about the ocean
C
．
never went back
to his hometown
D
．
had a wonderful
impression of Halfmoon Bay
答案：
D
推理判断题。由文章第一段
作者陈述，自己永远不会忘记海洋的美丽，以及关
键词“good fortune
of having the sea ...”可推知，当他第一次来到半月湾时，他有一
种飘飘欲仙的感觉。由此可推断，半月湾给作者留下了非常美好的印象。故选
D
项。
6
．
According to
the second paragraph, Australian marine life
________.
A
．
is
escaping from the Coral Sea gradually
B
．
depends on
reefs for living greatly
C
．
may be faced
with danger
D
．
is
protected better than that in other oceans
答案：
C
推理判断题。根据文章第二
段可知，在澳大利亚只有
1%
的珊瑚海受到保护，
而且全世界只有
45%
的珊瑚是健康的。由此可知，
澳大利亚的海洋生物正处在危险之中。故选
C
项。
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