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Visitor Code
?
Arrive with nothing that can harm New
Zealand
If you are arriving from
overseas, bring no food, animal or plant material
into the country. If
in doubt declare
it to Customs.
?
Protect plants and animals
Never
allow
dogs
or
other
pets
to
run
freely
in
areas
of
nesting
birds,
other
wildlife,
or
where sighposted.
?
Get rid of
rubbish
Always get rid of your rubbish
properly and recycle waste(e.g. glass, paper)
where possible.
?
Be considerate with other waste
If using a portable toilet always throw
away your toilet waste at a proper waste station.
In
the back country, bury your toilet
waste in a shallow hole away from waterway.
?
Keep New
Zealand’s water clean
Because
soaps
and
other
wastes
can
harm
waterways,
be
careful
your
washing
water
doesn’t pollute t
he sea
lakes and rivers.
?
Take care with fires
Always
observe
district
fire
bans.
Be
careful
if
you
smoke
or
have
an
outdoor
fire
or
barbecue, make sure ashes
are cold before leaving.
?
Camp or picnic carefully
When camping or picnicking, use
facilities provided.
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Keep to the track
Keep to
the track, where one exists, so you lessen the
chance of damaging fragile plants.
?
Be considerate
When driving, minimize noise and
observe no smoking signs.
56. According
to Visitor Code, visitors could act_______.
A. with care
and respect
B.
with relief and pleasure
C. with caution and
calmness
D.
with attention and observation
57. What are you encouraged to do when
travelling in New Zealand?
A. Take your own camping facilities.
B. Bury glass
far away from rivers.
C. Follow the track for the sake of
plants.
D.
Observe signs to approach nesting birds.
B
In
the
United
States
alone,
over
100
million
cell-phones
are
thrown
away
each
year.
Cell-
phones
are
part
of
a
growing
mountain
of
electronic
waste
like
computers
and
personal
digital
assistants.
The
electronic
waste
stream
is
increasing
three
times
faster
than
traditional
garbage as a
general.
Electronic devices contain
valuable metals such as gold and silver. A Swiss
study reported that
while
the
weight
of
electronic
goods
represented
by
precious
metals
was
relatively
small
in
comparison to traditional waste, the
concentration(
含量
) of gold
and other precious metal was
higher in
so-called e-waste than in naturally occurring
minerals.
Electronic
wastes
also
contain
many
poisonous
metals.
Even
when
the
machine…
and
the
harmful metals removed, the recycled
process often is carried out in poor countries, in
practically
uncontrolled ways which
allow many poisonous substances to escape into the
environment.
Creating products out of
raw materials creates much more waste material, up
to 100 times
more, than the material
contained in the finished products. Consider again
the cell-phone, and
imagine
the
mines
that
produced
those
metals,
the
factories
needed
to
make
the
box
and
packaging
it came in. Many wastes produced in the producing
process are harmful as well.
The
U.S.
Environment
Protection
Agency
notes
that
most
waste
is
dangerous
in
that
“the
production,
distribution,
and
use
of
products---
as
well
as
management
of
the
resulting
waste---all result
in greenhouse release. Individuals can make
contributions by creating less waste
at… buying reusable products and
recycling.
In many
countries, the concept of extended producer
responsibility is being considered or has
been put in place as an
incentive(
动机
) for reducing
waste. If producers are required to take back
packaging they use to sell their
products, would they reduce the packaging in the
first place?
Governments’
incentive
to
require
producers
to
take
responsibility
for
th
e
packaging
they
process should be based
on money. Why, they ask, should cities or towns be
responsible to deal
with the bubble
wrap(
气泡垫
) that encased your
television?
From
the
governments’
point
of
view,
a
primary
goal
of
laws
requiring
extended
producer
responsibility is to transfer both the
cost and the physical responsibility of waste
management
from the government and tax-
payers back to the producers.
58. By…
the Swiss study, the author intended to tell
us________.
A. the weight of e-goods is
rather small
B. e-waste deserves to be made good use
of
C. natural materials contains more
precious metals
D. the percentage of
precious metals is heavy in e-waste
59.
The responsibility of e-
waste…transfer
______.
A. from producers to
governments
B. from governments to producers
C.
from individuals to distributors
D. from to
governments
60. What does the passage
mainly talk about?
A. The increase in e-waste
B.
The creation of e-waste
C. The seriousness of
e-waste
D. The
management of e-waste
C
Suppose
you
become
a
leader
in
an
organization.
It’s
very
likely
that
you’ll
want
to
have
volunteers to help with
the organization’s activities. To do so, it should
help to understand why
people undertake
volunteer work and what keeps their interests in
the work.
Let’s
begin
with
the
question
of
why
people
volunteer.
Researchers
have
identified
several
factors that
motivate people to get started. For example,
people volunteer to express personal
values
related
to
unselfishness,
to
expand
their
range
of
experiences
and
to
develop
social
relationships. If volunteer positions
do not meet those needs, people may not wish to
participate.
To
select
volunteers,
you
may
need
to
understand
the
motivation
of
the
people
you
wish
to
attract.
People also volunteer because they are
required to do so. To increase levels of
opportunity
given,
some
schools
have
launched
volunteer
programmes.
Unlike….
can
…people’s
wish
of
participation
from
an
internal
factor
(e.g.
“I
volunteer
because
it’s
important
to
me.”)
t
o
an
external factor (e.g. “I
volunteer because I’m prepared to do so.”) When
that happens, people
become less likely
to volunteer in the future. People must be
sensitive to this possibility when
they
make volunteer activity a must.
Once
people begin to volunteer, what leads them to
remain in their positions over time? To
answer
this
question,
researchers
have
conducted
follow-up
studies
in
which
they
track
volunteers over time.
For instance, one study followed volunteers in
Florida over a year. One of
the most
important factors that influenced their
satisfactions as volunteers was the amount of
suffering they experienced in their
volunteer positions. Although this result may not
support you,
it
leads
to
important
practical
advice.
The
researchers
note
that
attention
should
be
given
to
“training methods that would prepare
volunteers… them with strategies for … with the
problem
they experience.”
Another study of 302 volunteers at
hospitals in Chicago focused on individual
differences in
the degree to which
peo
ple view “volunteer” as an important
social role. It was estimated that
those
people
…the
role
of
volunteer
…
part
of
their
personal
…be
more
likely
to
continue
volunteer work. Participants indicated
the degree to which social role matters by
responding to
statements such as
“Volunteering at hospitals is an important part of
who I am.” Consistent with
the
researchers’ expectations, they focused a positive
cohesion(
正相关
) between the
strength of
role
identity
and
the
lengths
of
time
people
contributed
to
volun
teer.
These…
again,
lead
to
concrete advice. “Once an individual
begins volunteering, continued effort to focus on
developing
volunteer role….”
61. People volunteer mainly out
of__________.
A.
academic
requirements
B.
social
expectations
C.
financial
rewards
D.
internal
needs
62. What can we learn
from Florida study?
A. Follow up studies should last for
one year.
B.
Volunteers should get mentally prepared.
C. Volunteer
training is a must in research.
D. Volunteers are provided
with concrete advice.
63. What is most
likely to motivate volunteers to continue their
work?
A.
individual differences in role identity.
B.
Publicly identifiable volunteer T-shirt.
C. Role
identity as a volunteer.
D. Practical advice from
researchers.
64. What is the best title
of the passage?
A. How to get people to volunteer
B.
How to study volunteer behavior
C. How to keep volunteers’
D. How to organize
volunteers’ activities
D
Freedom and Responsibility
Freedom’s challenge in the digital Age
i
s a serious topic. We are facing today
a strange new
world and we are all
wondering what we are going to do with it.
Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered
freedom. Before that there was no freedom. There
were
great
civilizations,
splendid
empires,
but
no
freedom
anywhere.
Egypt
and
Babylon
were
both tyrannies, one
very powerful man ruling over helpless masses.
In
Greece,
in
Athens,
a
little
city
in
a
little
country,
there
were
no
helpless
masses.
And
Athenians willingly
obeyed the written laws which they themselves
passed, and the unwritten,
which must
be obeyed if free men live together. They must
show each other kindness and pity
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