-
2020
年普通高等学校招生统一考试模拟卷
(
八
)
英语
本试卷
6
页，满分
120
分。考试用时
120
分钟
注意事项：
1.
答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的校名、姓名、考号、座位号等
相关信
息填写在答题卡指定区域内。
2.
选择题每小题选出答案后，请用
2
B
铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用
橡皮
擦干净后，再选涂其他答案；不能答在试卷上。
.
3.
非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡
各题目指定区域
内的相
应位置上；如
需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅
笔和涂改液，不按以
上要求作答的答案无效。
4.
考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。
第一部分
阅读理解
(
共两节
,
< br>满分
40
分
)
第一节
(
共
15
小题
;
每小题
2
分
,
满分
30
分
)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项
(A
、
B
、
C
和
D)
中，选出最
佳选项，并在答题卡上将该
项涂。
A
It was several years ago when my wife
asked me to meet her at the local department store
on Black
Friday morning. They had
advertised a child's bike that she wanted to
purchase for our son. We stood with a
very large crowd, waiting for the
manager to blow the whistle. After a while the
whistle blew. It was like
throwing a
basket of chum into a tank of sharks. I told my
wife that if we obtained a bike, fine, but if we
did not, I was OK with that too.
As the boxes of bikes began to
gradually decrease, I saw my opportunity to wrap
my hands around the
corner of one of
them. I lifted it off and suddenly felt some mild
resistance. I looked up to see one of the
largest men I had ever seen in my life.
Frightening was not enough to describe his
presence. He was
decorated with
numerous leather belts with metal buttons around
both arms and even his neck. Tattoos
(
纹
身
) were an
obvious passion of his.
I started to
loosen the box but he gently pushed it back in my
direction and back into my hands. He
then directed it into my shopping cart.
He looked at me, smiled, and said, “Merry
Christmas.”
My wife and I
went to the checkout, paid for the bike and went
home. All the way home I was
thinking
that this moment was by far the best Christmas
gift I had ever received. The kindness of a human
heart in a simple act of a stranger
broke all preconceived notions
(
先入为主
) I may have had. I
will never
forget it.
1
．
What does the
underlined word “chum” mean in
Paragraph1?
A
．
Gifts.
B
．
Food.
C
．
Goods.
D
．
Souvenirs.
2
．
Why did the
author loosen the box when seeing the man?
A
．
The author
didn't want to buy it.
B
．
The man needed
it more.
C
．
The
author was frightened by the man.
D
．
The man got the
box first.
3
．
What
can be a suitable title for the text?
A
．
The Best
Christmas Gift.
B
．
The Largest Man
I Have Ever Seen.
C
．
An
Unforgettable Bike.
D
．
A Shopping
Experience.
B
As technology in the
security field advances, so does the intelligence
of the burglars in prevailing over
this
technology. Gone are the days when a simple alarm
system, connected to your phone line, was enough
to protect you from potential security
risks.
Cellular alarm systems
(
蜂窝报警系统
)are a replacement of
the traditional wired phone line security
networks. These systems work just like
your cell phone. A cellular module is placed in
the main control
panel and it sends
signals, without the use of wires, to the
monitoring station. The cellular signal is sent
via
the data part of a cellular signal,
much like a text message.
Sensors can
be placed anywhere in your house. Whenever there
is an emergency, the relevant sensor
picks up the unusual activity and sends
a cellular signal to the main control panel. The
control panel serves
more than one
purpose, which sends a cellular signal at the same
time to the monitoring service at the back
end. The monitoring service later
informs the relevant authorities in the form of
high-pitched sirens
(
高音
警笛声
).
Typically it takes a few minutes for emergency
services to arrive at the scene. Depending on the
efficiency of your monitoring service
and the local authorities, help should arrive soon
and deal with the
potential threats.
It allows you to monitor your house
remotely. All you have to do is simply access the
cameras from
your phone and keep a
check for any unusual activities while you are not
around. With cellular technology
securing your house, you don’t have to
worry about the power failure or even burglars
cutting your phone
lines.
Since these systems operate on
batteries, you should be careful about when the
batteries die out. There
might be other
appliances including microwave ovens and WiFi in
the house that can cause disruption
(
干
扰
). Ensure that
your cellular alarm system's range is not affected
by the presence of these appliances.
Many homeowners tend to go for wireless
systems due to the ease of installation
(
安装）
factor.
However
，
keep in mind that a
non-professional installation might actually leave
the system easy to damage.
4
．
What do the
underlined words ''prevailing over'' mean in
Paragraph 1?
A
．
Improving.
B
．
Defeating.
C
．
Worrying about.
D
．
Looking into.
5
．
How can the
authorities know an emergency is happening?
A
．
They hear high-
pitched sirens.
B
．
They read the
cellular signal.
C
．
They check the
control panel online.
D
．
They notice the
unusual activity via sensors.
6
．
What can we
know about the cellular alarm system?
A
．
It looks like a
phone.
B
．
It is
energy-saving.
C
．
It needs to be
improved.
D
．
It is
wireless.
7
．
What's the
purpose of the last paragraph?
A
．
To give
cautions about the system.
B
．
To introduce
the benefits of the system.
C
．
To call on
people to watch out for security risks.
D
．
To teach people
to install the system correctly.
C
BluePlanetII
's
latest episode (
情节
) focuses
on how plastic is having a destructive effect on
the ocean
and slowly poisoning our sea
creatures. Researchers recently also found that
sea creatures living in the
deepest
place on Earth, the Mariana Trench, have plastic
in their stomachs. Indeed, oceans are drowning in
plastic.
Though it seems that the world couldn't
possibly function without plastics, plastics are a
remarkably
recent invention. The first
plastic bags were introduced in the 1950s, the
same decade that plastic packaging
began gaining popularity in the United
States. This growth has happened so fast that
science is still catching
up with the
change. Plastics pollution research, for instance,
is still a very early science.
We put
all these plastics into the environment, but we
still don't really know what the outcomes are
going to be. What we do know, though,
is disturbing. Ocean plastic is estimated to kill
millions of marine
animals every year.
Nearly 700 species, including endangered ones, are
known to have been affected by it.
One
in three leatherback turtles, which often mistake
plastic bags for jellyfish, have been found with
plastic
in their bellies. Ninety
percent of seabirds are now eating plastics on a
regular basis. By 2050, that figure is
expected to rise to 100 percent.
And it's not just wildlife that is
threatened by the plastics in our seas. Humans are
consuming plastics
through the seafood
we eat. I could understand why some people see
ocean plastic as a disaster, worth
mentioning in the same breath as
climate change. But ocean plastic is not as
complicated as climate change.
There
are no ocean trash deniers
(
否认者
), at least so far. To
do something about it, we don't have to
remake our planet energy system.
This is not a problem where we don' t
know what the solution is. We know how to pick up
garbage.
Anyone can do it. We know how
to deal with it. We know how to recycle. We can
all start by thinking twice
before we
use single-use plastic products. Things that may
seem ordinary, like using a reusable bottle or a
reusable bag-when taken collectively,
these choices really do make a difference.
8
．
Why is plastics
pollution research still a very early science?
A
．
The plastics
pollution research is too difficult.
B
．
Plastics have
produced less pollution than coal.
C
．
Plastics have
gained popularity too fast for science to catch
up.
D
．
The world
couldn't possibly function without plastics.
9
．
How did the
author support his opinion in Paragraph 3?
A
．
By citing
quotes from leading experts.
B
．
By making a
comparison and contrast.
C
．
By listing
examples from his own experience.
D
．
By presenting
solid statistics.
10
．
What does the
author intend to tell us in the last paragraph?
A
．
We reap what we
sow.
B
．
The
shortest answer is doing.
C
．
All things are
difficult before they are easy.
D
．
Actions speak
louder than words.
11
．
What is the
main idea of the passage?
A
．
The oceans
become choked with plastic.
B
．
Ocean plastic
is a global issue.
C
．
BluePlanetII
has left viewers
heartbroken.
D
．
Plastics gain
in popularity all over the world.
D
“If I only had a little
humility, I’d be perfect,” the media giant Ted
Turner supposedly said
sometime in the
1990s. Why be modest? Aristotle said: “All men by
nature desire to know.” Intellectual
humility is a particular instance of
humility, since you can be down-to-earth about
most things but still
ignore your
mental limitations.
Intellectual
humility means recognising that we don’t know
everything. Actually, it means we
should acknowledge that we're probably
biased in our belief about just how much we
understand and
seek out the sources of
wisdom that we lack.
The Internet and
digital media have created the impression of
limitless knowledge at our fingertips.
But, by making us lazy, they have
opened up a space that ignorance can fill. The
psychologist Tania
Lombrozo of the University of
California explained how technology enhances our
illusions (
错觉
) of
wisdom. She argues that the way we
access information is critical to our
understanding
—
and the more
easily we can recall an image, word or
statement, the more likely we’ll think we’ve
successful
ly
learned it, and
so withdraw from effortful cognitive processing.
Logical puzzles presented in an
unfriendly font
(
字体
), for example, can
encourage someone to make extra effort to solve
them. Yet this
approach runs counter to
the nice designs of the apps and sites that
populate our screens, where our
brain
processes information in a “smooth” way. What
about all the information that presents online?
Well, your capacity to learn from it
depends on your attitudes. Intellectually humble
people don’t hide
or ignore their
weaknesses. In fact, they see them as sources of
personal development, and use
arguments
as an opportunity to refine their views. People
who are humble by nature tend to be more
open-minded and quicker to resolve
disputes, since they recognise that their own
opinions might not be
valid.
At the other end of the scale lies
intellectual arrogance. Such arrogance almost
always originates
from the egocentric
bias
–
the tendency to
overestimate their own virtue or importance,
ignoring the
role of chanc
e
or the influence of other people’s actions on
their lives. This is what makes these people
credit success to themselves and
failure to circumstance. From an evolutionary
perspective, intellectual
arrogance can
also be seen as a way of achieving dominance
through forcing one’s view on others.
Intellectually arrogant people hardly
invest mental resources in discussion or working
towards group
consensus, thus making it
hard for groups to work successfully.
The Thrive Center for Human Development
in California, which seeks to help young people
tum
into successful adults, is funding
a series of major studies about intellectual
humility. Their hypothesis
is that
humility, curiosity and openness are key to a
fulfilling life. “Without humility, you are unable
to
l
earn,” Laszlo Bock,
Google’s Head of People Operations,
notes.
12
．
The passage is
mainly about ______.
A
．
the harm
arrogance does to us
B
．
the key
elements to a fulfilling life
C
．
the
significance of intellectual humility
D
．
the way people
access information online
13
．
Technology
enhances our illusions of wisdom because it
______.
A
．
enables
people to think critically
B
．
offers too much
unreliable information
C
．
allows easy
access to abundant information
D
．
makes it hard
for people to recall information
14
．
According to
Para.3, intellectually humble people ______.
A
．
value others’
opinions more than their own
B
．
use online
information to better themselves
C
．
are unwilling
to show their strengths
D
．
prefer to solve
difficult problems
15
．
The author
will probably agree that ______.
A
．
intellectual
arrogance is the result of evolution
B
．
intellectually
arrogant people often lack team spirits
C
．
successful
people are often unaware of their limitations
D
．
circumstances
don’t favor intellectually arrogant
people
第二节
(
共
5
小题
:
每小题
2
分，满分
10
分
)