-
话题二十三
环境保护
(A)
A
[2
018·
浙江
6
月
·
B]
Steven Stein likes to
follow garbage trucks.
His
strange habit
makes sense when you
consider that he's an environmental scientist
who
studies
how
to
reduce
litter,
including
things
that
fall
off
garbage
trucks
as
they
drive
down
the
road.
What
is
even
more
interesting is that one of Stein's jobs
is defending an industry behind
the
plastic shopping bag.
Americans
use
more
than
100
billion
thin
film
plastic
bags
every year. So many end up in tree
branches or along highways that
a
growing number of cities do not allow them at
checkouts (
收银台
).
The
bags
are
prohibited
in
some
90
cities
in
California,
including
Los
Angeles.
Eyeing
these
headwinds,_plastic-
bag
makers
are
hiring
scientists
like
Stein
to
make
the
case
that
their
products
are
not as bad for the
planet as most people assume.
Among the
bag makers' arguments: many cities with bans still
allow shoppers to purchase paper bags,
which are easily recycled but
require
more energy to produce and transport. And while
plastic bags
may
be
ugly
to
look
at,
they
represent
a
small
percentage
of
all
garbage on the ground today.
The industry has also taken aim at the
product that has appeared
as its
replacement: reusable shopping bags. The stronger
a reusable
bag is, the longer its life
and the more plastic-
bag use it cancels
out.
However, longer-
lasting
reusable bags often require more energy to
make. One study found that a cotton bag
must be used at least 131
times to be
better for the planet than plastic.
Environmentalists
don't
dispute(
质疑
)
these
points.
They
hope paper bags will be
banned someday too and want shoppers to
use the same reusable bags for years.
体裁：
议论文
题材：
环境保护
主题：
塑料袋和可重复使
用纸袋
【文章大意】
该文是一篇议论文，<
/p>
主要讲述了塑料袋和可
重复使用纸袋的情况。
到底是该禁止塑料袋？还是纸袋？还是两
者都禁？让我们读文章了解一下吧。
【熟词生义】
case
常用义：箱子，盒子
本句义：案例；
事实
【难句分析】
Eyeing
these headwinds
，
plastic-
bag makers are
hiring
scientists
like
Stein
to
make
the
case
that
their
products
are
not as bad for the
planet as most people assume.
分析：
这是一个复合句，
句子的主干为
plastic-<
/p>
bag makers are
hiring
scientists to make the
case
。
Eyeing these headwinds<
/p>
是现在分
词短语作伴随状语；
that<
/p>
引导同位语从句，解释说明
the
ca
se
的
内容。
译文：看到这些禁令，塑料袋制造商聘请了一些像
Stein
一
样的科学家来阐述，
他们的产品并没有像大多数人认为的那样
对
地球有害。
1
．
What has Steven
Stein been hired to do?
A
．
Help increase
grocery sales.
B
．
Recycle the
waste material.
C
．
Stop things
falling off trucks.
D
．
Argue for the
use of plastic bags.
答案与解析：
D
考查推理判断。根据第一段中的
“
is
defending an industry
”
和第二段中的
“
like Stein to
make the case
that
their
products
are
not
as
bad
for
the
planet
as
most
people
assum
e
”
可推知，
Stein
是一个为塑料业，特别是支持塑料袋使
用而发声的科学家，故选
D
项。
2
．
What does the
word
“
headwinds
”<
/p>
in paragraph 2 refer to?
A
．
Bans on plastic
bags.
B
．
Effects
of city development.
C
．
Headaches
caused by garbage.
D
．
Plastic bags
hung in trees.
答案与解析：
A
考查词义猜测。
根据文章第二段中的
“
The
bags are prohibited in some 90 ci
ties
”
可知，
大约
90
个城市已经禁
止使用塑料袋，
再根据画线词下文的内容可知画线词指代上文提
到的禁止使用塑料袋，故选
A
项。
3
．
What
is
a
disadvantage
of
reusable
bags
according
to
plasticbag makers?
A
．
They are quite
expensive.
B
．
Replacing them
can be difficult.
C
．
They are less
strong than plastic bags.
D
．
Producing them
requires more energy.
答
案
与
解
析
：
D
考
查
< br>细
节
理
解
。
根
据
第
四
段
中
的
“
However
，
longer-
lasting reusable bags often require more
energy
to
make
”
可知，生产可重复使用的袋子会消耗更多的能源，故
选
D
项。
4
．
What is the
best title for the text?
A
．
Plastic, Paper
or Neither
B
．
Industry,
Pollution and Environment
C
．
Recycle or
Throw Away
D
．
Garbage
Collection and Waste Control
答
案
与
解
析
：
A
考
查<
/p>
主
旨
大
意
。
根
据
最
后
一
段
中
的
“
Environmentalists
don't
dispute(
质疑
)
these
hope
paper bags will be banned someday too
”
并结合全文可知，本文主
要讲述了塑料袋
和可重复使用纸袋的利弊。
A
项能很好地概括全
文。
B
[2019·
山东高三高考预测
]
Since the sex of a sea
turtle(
海龟
) is determined by
the heat of
sand
hatching
the
eggs,
scientists
had
suspected
they
might
see
slightly
more
females.
Climate
change,
after
all,
has
driven
sea
temperatures
higher,
which,
in
these
creatures,
favors
female
children.
They
found
female
sea
turtles
from
Raine
Island,
the
Pacific
Ocean's
largest
and
most
important
green
sea
turtle
living
area,
now
outnumber
males
by
at
least
116
to
1.
“
This
is
extreme
，”
says
turtle scientist Camryn Allen.
Biologist Michael Jensen wanted to know
if climate change had
already changed
turtles' sexes. By using
genetic(
基因的
) tests, he'd
figured out that he could follow
turtles of all ages. Still, his research
data would lack an important detail:
sex. Only after a turtle matures
is it
possible to tell its sex from the outside
—
mature males have
slightly longer tails. By then turtles
can be decades old, so scientists
often
use
laparoscopy(
腹
腔镜检查
),
Sending
a
thin
tube
into
each
animal,
but
that's
not
so
practical
if
you're
hoping
to
examine
hundreds
of
creatures.
Fortunately,
at
a
turtle
conference,
he
met
Allen, and
all she needed was a little blood.
They
compared their results with temperature
data for
nesting
beaches.
What worries them is that Raine Island has been
producing
almost
female
turtles
for
at
least
20
years.
This
is
no
small
thing.
More
than 200,000 turtles come to nest there. During
high season,
18,000 turtles may settle
in at once.
“
But what
happens in 20 years
when
there
are
no
more
males
coming
up
as
adults?
Are
there
enough
to maintain the population
？”
says Allen. They also found
cooler
beaches in the south are still producing males,
but those in the
north,
they're
almost
entirely
females
hatching.
These
findings
clearly
point
to
the
fact
that
climate
change
is
changing
many
aspects of wildlife biology.
But
how
widespread
is
this
phenomenon
—
and
what
is
the
consequence?
体裁：
说明文
题材：
环境
主题：
雄雌海龟数量不等的原
因
【文章大意】
本文属于科普说明文。
科学家在研究中发现，
太平洋中雌海龟的数量远远超过了雄海龟
，
这是全球气候变暖所
导致的结果。
5
．
How
might
the
scientists
feel
if
there
were
slightly
more
female turtles?
A
．
It's unique.
B
．
It's normal.
C
．
It's extreme.
D
．
It's doubtful.
答案与解析：
B
考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的
“
Since the
sex of a sea
turtle(
海龟
) is determined by
the heat of sand hatching
the
eggs
，
scientists
had
suspected
they
might
see
slightly
more
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