-
实用标准
2018
年
普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）
英
语
第二部分
阅读理解（共两节，满分
35
分）
第一节（共
10
小题；每小题
2.5
分，满分
25
分
）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的
A<
/p>
、
B
、
C
和
D
四个选项中，选出最
佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
In 1812, the year Charles
Dickens was born, there were 66
novels
published
in
Britain.
People
had
been
writing
novels
for
a
century
—
most
experts
date
the
first
novel
to
Robinson
Crusoe
in
1719
—
but
nobody
wanted
to
do
it
professionally.
The
steam-powered
printing
press
was
still
in
its
early
stages;
the
literacy
（识字）
rate
in England was under 50%. Many works of
fiction appeared without the names of
the authors, often with
something like
“
By a
lady.
”
Novels, for the most
part, were
looked upon as silly,
immoral, or just plain bad.
In 1870, when Dickens died, the world
mourned him as its
first professional
writer and publisher, famous and beloved,
who had led
an explosion in
both
the publication
of
novels
and
their
readership
and
whose characters
—
from Oliver
Twist
to
Tiny
Tim
—
were held up as moral
touchstones. Today Dickens
’
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greatness is
unchallenged.
Removing
him from the
pantheon
（名
人堂）
of
English
literature
would
make
about
as
much
sense
as
the Louvre selling off
the
Mona Lisa
.
How
did
Dickens
get
to
the
top?
For
all
the
feelings
readers
attach to stories,
literature is a numbers game, and the test
of
time
is
extremely
difficult
to
pass.
Some
60,000
novels
were
published during the
Victorian age, from 1837 to1901; today a
casual reader might
be able
to
name a
half-
dozen
of
them.
It
’
s
partly
true
that
Dickens
’
style
of
writing
attracted
audiences
from all walks of life.
It
’
s partly that his
writings rode a
wave of social,
political and scientific progress. But
it
’
s
also
that
he
rewrote
the
culture
of
literature
and
put
himself
at
the
center.
No
one
will
ever
know
what
mix
of
talent,
ambition,
energy
and
luck
made
Dickens
such
a
singular
writer.
But
as
the
200th anniversary of his birth
approaches, it is possible
—
and important for our own
culture
—
to understand how he
made
himself a lasting one.
21.
Which
of
the
following
best
describes
British
novels
in
the
18
th
century?
A. They were difficult to understand.
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B. They were
popular among the rich.
C. They were
seen as nearly worthless.
D. They were
written mostly by women.
22. Dickens is
compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to
stress________.
A. his
reputation in France
B. his interest in
modern art
C. his success in
publication
D. his importance in
literature
23. What is the
author
’
s purpose in writing
the text?
A. To remember a great
writer.
B. To introduce an English
novel.
C. To encourage studies on
culture.
D. To promote values of the
Victorian age.
B
Steven Stein likes to follow garbage
trucks. His strange
habit
makes
sense
when
you
consider
that
he
’
s
an
environmental
scientist who studies how to reduce
litter, including things
that
fall
off garbage trucks as
they drive
down
the
road. What
is
even
more
interesting
is
that
one
of
Stein's
jobs
is
defending an industry behind the
plastic shopping bags.
Americans use more than 100 billion
thin film plastic bags
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every year.
So many end up in tree branches or along highways
that
a
growing
number
of
cities
do
not
allow
them
at
checkouts(
收银台
) .
The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities
in
California, including Los
Angeles.
Eyeing these
headwinds,
plastic-bag
makers
are
hiring
scientists
like
Stein
to
make the
case that their products are not as
bad
for the planet as most people assume.
Among
the
bag
makers'
argument:
many
cities
with
bans
still
allow
shoppers
to
purchase
paper
bags,
which
are
easily
recycled but require
more energy
to
produce and
transport.
And
while
plastic
bags
may
be
ugly
to
look
at,
they
represent
a
small
percentage
of
all
garbage
on
the
ground
The industry has also taken aim at the
product that has
appeared
as
its
replacement:
reusable
shopping
bags.
The
stronger a reusable bag is, the longer
its life and the more
plastic-bag
use
it
cancels
out.
However,
longer-lasting
reusable bags
often require more energy
to
make. One study
found that a
cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be
better for the planet than plastic.
Environmentalists
don't
dispute
（质疑）
these
points.
They
hope
paper
bags
will
be
banned
someday
too
and
want
shoppers
to
use
the same reusable bags for years.
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24. What has Steven Stein been hired to
do?
A. Help increase grocery sales.
B. Recycle the waste material.
C. Stop things falling off trucks.
D. Argue for the use of plastic bags.
25. What does the word
“
headwinds
”
in
paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Bans on
plastic bags.
B. Effects of city
development.
C. Headaches caused by
garbage.
D. Plastic bags hung in trees.
26.
What
is
a
disadvantage
of
reusable
bags
according
to
plastic-bag makers?
A. They
are quite expensive.
B. Replacing them
can be difficult.
C. They are less
strong than plastic bags.
D. Producing
them requires more energy.
27. What is
the best title for the text?
A.
Plastic, Paper or Neither
B. Industry,
Pollution and Environment
C. Recycle or
Throw Away
D. Garbage Collection and
Waste Control
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C
As
cultural
symbols
go,
the
American
car
is
quite
young.
The
Model T Ford was built at the Piquette
Plant in Michigan a
century ago, with
the first rolling off the assembly
line
（装
配线）
on
September 27, 1908. Only eleven cars were produced
the next month. But eventually Henry
Ford would build fifteen
million of
them.
Modern
America
was
born
on
the
road,
behind
a
wheel.
The
car
shaped some of the most
lasting aspects of American culture:
the
roadside
diner,
the
billboard,
the
motel,
even
the
hamburger. For most of the last
century, the car represented
what it
meant to be American
—
going
forward at high speed to
find
new
worlds. The
road novel,
the road
movie,
these are
the
most typical American
ideas, born of abundant petrol, cheap
cars
and
a
never-ending
interstate
highway
system,
the
largest
public works project in history.
In
1928
Herbert
Hoover
imagined
an
America
with
“
a
chicken
in every pot and a car in every
garage.
”
Since then, this
society
has
moved
onward,
never
looking
back,
as
the
car
transformed
America
from
a
farm-based
society
into
an
industrial .k
The
cars
that
drove
the
American
Dream
have
helped
to
create
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a
global
ecological
disaster.
In
America
the
demand
for
oil
has
grown by 22 percent
since 1990.
The problems of
< br>excessive
（过度的）
energy
consumption,
climate change and
population growth have been described in a
book by the American writer Thomas L.
Friedman. He fears the
worst, but hopes
for the best.
Friedman
points
out
that
the
green
economy
（经济）
is
a
chance
to keep
American strength.
“
The
ability to design, build and
export
green
technologies
for
producing
clean
water,
clean
air
and
healthy and abundant food is going to be the
currency of
power in the new
century.
”
28. Why
is hamburger mentioned in paragraph 2?
A. To explain Americans
’
love for travelling by car.
B. To
show the influence of cars on American culture.
C. To stress the popularity of fast
food with Americans.
D. To praise the
effectiveness of America
’
s
road system.
29. What has the use of
cars in America led to?
A. Decline
of economy.
B.
Environmental problems.
C. A
shortage of oil supply.
D.
farm-based society.
30. What
is Friedman
’
s attitude
towards America
’
s future?
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A
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A.
Ambiguous.
B.
Doubtful.
C.
Hopeful.
D. Tolerant.
第二节（共
5
小题；每小题
2
分，满分
10
分）
根据短文内容，
从短文后的选项中选出能填入
空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
Moving
into
a
new
home
in
a
new
neighborhood
is
an
exciting
experience. Of course, you want to make
sure that you become
an acceptable and
valuable part of your neighborhood . the
easiest way to accomplish this is to
make sure you conduct
yourself as a
good neighbor should. ___31_____
Perhaps one of the most important
things you can do as a
good neighbor is
to keep your property(
房产
)
neat, clean, and
in good repair.
_____32_ __ By choosing to keep the outside
of the home in great shape, you will
help to improve the look
and feel of
the area.
Second, take the overall
appearance of the neighborhood
seriously,. When going for a walk. Take
a small garbage bag.
____33_____ This
small act will let your neighbors know that
you care about the area.
______34____
If
a
neighbor
is
going
to
be
out
of
town,
offer
to
collect
mail
and
newspapers.
If
a
neighbor
suffers
an
illness,
offer to do the
grocery shopping . Let them know you are there
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