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一、动词第三人称单数的变化规则及发音规律
1
、大多数动词在词尾加
“S”
在清辅
音后发音为
[s]
，在浊辅音及元音后发音为
< br>
[z]
。如：
①
stop
－
stops [s]
make
－
makes [s]
<
/p>
②
read
－
r
eads [z] play
－
plays [z]
2
、以辅音字母加
< br>“y”
结尾的，要先将
“y”
变
为
“i”
，然后在加
“es”
读
[iz]
如：
fly
－
flies
[z]
；
carry
－
carries [z]
study
－
studies
[z]; worry
－
worries
3
、以
“s,
x, ch, sh”
结尾的，在词尾加
“es”
，发音为
[iz]
如：
teach
－
teaches
[iz]; watch
－
watches [iz]
4
、以
“o
”
结尾的动词，加
“es”
，读
[z]
如：
go
－
goes [z]
do
－
does [z]
5
、以不发音字母
“e”
结尾的开音节词，如果尾
音是
[s]
，
[z]
< br>时，加
“s”
后字母
“e”
发音，
加
“s”
一起读做
[iz]
。
< br>
如：
close
－
closes [iz]
二、名词复数的规则变化
___________________________
________________________
情况
构成方法
读音
例词
__
________________________________________________
一般情况
加
-s
1.
清辅音后读
/s/;
map-maps
2.
浊辅音和元音后
bag-bags
读
/z/;
car-cars
___________________
________________________________
以
s,sh,ch,
x
等结尾的词
加
-es
读
/iz/
bus-buses
watch-watches
__
_________________________________________________
以
ce,se,ze,
(d)ge
等结尾
的词
加
-s
读
/iz/
license-licenses
___________
________________________________________
以辅音字母
+y
变
y
为
i
结尾的词
再加
es
读
/z/
baby---babies
______________
_____________________________________
以
-f
或
-fe
结尾的名词多将
-f
或
-fe
变成
-ves
，但有例外，读音变化：尾音
[f]
改度
[vz]
。
例：
life-lives leaf-leaves
反例：
roof-roofs
___
________________________________________________ <
/p>
以
O
结尾的名词，如果不是外来词或缩写
就加
-es
，否则加
-s
构成复数。读音
:[z]
。
例：
tomato-tomatoes
与所
反例：
piano-
pianos
（外来词）
photo-photos
（缩写词）
三、英语规则动词过去式变化规则和发音规则和不规则动词表
1.
规则动词的过去式词尾变化有
几种：
1
．一般情况下加
ed
，如
watched, planted, watered, pulled, climbed, picked
。
2
．以不发音字母
< br>e
结尾的加
d
，如
liked, moved, tasted
。
3
．以辅
音字母加
y
结尾的变
y
为
i
再加
ed
，如
study
——
stud
ied
。
4
．
以
1
个元音字母加
1
个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音
节，
双写最后一个辅音字母再加
ed
，
如
stop
——
stopped
。
2.
过去式的发音是由单词的最后一个音素来决定的
:
1.
如果该单词以清辅音结尾
,
如
/k/,/p/
等
,
则读作
/t/,
例如
looked
读作
/t/.
2.
如果该单词以浊辅音结尾
,
如
/n/,/b/
等
,<
/p>
则读作
/d/,
例如
abandoned
读作
/d/.
3.
如果该单词以字母
t<
/p>
或字母
d
结尾
,
则读作
/id/,
例如
started
读作
/id/.
4.
如果该单词以元音结尾
,
则读作
/
d/,
例如
studied
读作
/d/.
3.
不规则动词表
Infinitive
不定式
Past Tense
过去式
abide
alight
arise
awake
be
bear
beat
become
befall
beget
begin
behold
bend
bereave
beseech
beset
bespeak
bespread
bestrew
bestride
bet
betake
bethink
bid
abode, abided
alighted, alit
arose
awoke
was, were
bore
beat
became
befell
begot
began
beheld
bent
bereaved, bereft
besought,
beseeched
beset
bespoke
bespread
bestrewed
bestrode
bet, betted
betook
bethought
bade, bid
Past Participle
过去分词
abode,
abided
alighted, alit
arisen
awoke, awaked
been
borne, born
beaten
become
befallen
begotten, begot
begun
beheld
bent
bereaved, bereft
besought,
beseeched
beset
bespoken,
bespoke
bespread
bestrewed,
bestrewn
bestridden, bestrid, bestrode
bet, betted
betaken
bethought
bidden, bid
bide
bind
bite
bleed
blend
bless
blow
break
breed
bring
broadcast
browbeat
build
burn
burst
buy
can
cast
catch
chide
choose
cleave
cleave
cling
clothe
come
cost
creep
crow
cut
dare
deal
dig
dispread
do
draw
dream
drink
drive
dwell
bode,
bided
bided
bound
bound
bit
bitten,
bit
bled
bled
blended, blent
blended,
blent
blessed, blest
blessed, blest
blew
blown
broke
broken
bred
bred
brought
brought
broadcast, broadcasted
broadcast, broadcasted
browbeat
browbeaten
built
built
burnt, burned
burnt, burned
burst
burst
bought
bought
could
-
cast
cast
caught
caught
chid, chided
chid, chidden, chided
chose
chosen
cleaved, cleft, clove
cleaved, cleft
clave
cloven
clung
clung
clothed, clad
clothed, clad
came
come
cost
cost
crept
crept
crowed, crew
crowed
cut
cut
dared,
durst
dared
dealt
dealt
dug
dug
dispread
dispread
did
done
drew
drawn
dreamed, dreamt
dreamed, dreamt
drank
drunk
drove
driven
dwelt, dwelled
dwelt, dwelled
eat
fall
feed
feel
fight
find
flee
fling
fly
fly
fly
forbear
forbid
forecast
fordo
forego
foreknow
forerun
foresee
foreshow
foretell
forget
forgive
forsake
forswear
freeze
gainsay
get
gild
gird
give
go
grave
grind
grow
hamstring
hang
hang
have
hear
ate
eaten
fell
fallen
fed
fed
felt
felt
fought
fought
found
found
fled
fled
flung
flung
flew
flown
fled
fled
flied
flied
forbore
forborne
forbade, forbad
forbidden
forecast, forecasted
forecast, forecasted
fordid
fordone
forewent
foregone
foreknew
foreknown
foreran
forerun
foresaw
foreseen
foreshowed
foreshown
foretold
foretold
forgot
forgotten, forgot
forgave
forgiven
forsook
forsaken
forswore
forsworn
froze
frozen
gainsaid
gainsaid
got
got,
gotten
gilded, gilt
gilded
girded, girt
girded, girt
gave
given
went
gone
graved
graven, graved
ground
ground
grew
grown
hamstringed, hamstrung hamstringed,
hamstrung
hung
hung
hanged
hanged
had
had
heard
heard
heave
hew
hide
hit
hold
hurt
inlay
keep
kneel
knit
know
lade
lay
lead
lean
leap
learn
leave
lend
let
lie
lie
light
light
lose
make
may
mean
meet
melt
misdeal
misgive
mislay
mislead
mistake
misunderstand
mow
must
ought
outbid
heaved, hove
hewed
hid
hit
held
hurt
inlaid
kept
knelt, kneeled
knitted, knit
knew
laded
laid
led
leaned, leant
leapt, leaped
learnt, learned
left
lent
let
lay
lied
lit
lighted
lost
made
might
meant
met
melted
misdealt
misgave
mislaid
misled
mistook
misunderstood
mowed
must
ought
outbade, outbid
heaved, hove
hewed, hewn
hidden, hid
hit
held
hurt
inlaid
kept
knelt, kneeled
knitted, knit
known
laded, laden
laid
led
leaned,
leant
leapt, leaped
learnt,
learned
left
lent
let
lain
lied
lit
lighted
lost
made
-
meant
met
melted, melten
misdealt
misgiven
mislaid
misled
mistaken
misunderstood
mowed, mown
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outbidden, outbid
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