-
你这句话是复合宾语不是双宾语,
判断其是双宾语还是复合宾语要看间接
宾语和
直接宾语有没有逻辑关系,比如你这句话的直接宾语是
J
im,
间接宾语是
to give
the class a
talk,
谁来
give a talk,
很明显是
Jim,
那么直接宾语
J
im
和间接宾语
to
....
直接就存在逻辑关系,所以这句话就是复合宾语。
点击一:什么是双宾语?什么是复合宾语?
1
p>
、英语中,有些及物动词可以接两个宾语,即指人的间接宾语和指物的直
接宾语,
这两个宾语称为
双宾语<
/p>
。
句子结构为:
主语+及物动词+间接宾语+
直接宾语
。如:
My parents bought me a
computer.
我父母给我买了一台电脑。
2
p>
、英语中有些及物动词接了宾语之后还需接宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的
有关情况,否则句子意思就不完整。宾语和宾语补足语合称为
复合宾语
。句子
结构为:
主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
。能作宾语补足语的有名词、形
容词、动词
-ing
形式、动词不定式、介词短语等。如:
He made us
laugh.
他使
我们哈哈大笑。
点击二:双宾语用法要点
1
、
p>
间接宾语可以改为由介词
to
或
for
引起的短语,
放在直接宾语后面。
如:
He gave her some chips. = He
gave some chips to her.
2
、以下
几种情况通常要用介词
to
或
for<
/p>
引起的短语:
1)
当直
接宾语是人称代词
(it/them)
时。如:
This book is Mr Wang's. Please
give
it to him.
2)
当强调间接宾语时。如:
Mother cooks meals for us every day.
p>
3)
当间接宾语比直接宾语长一些时。如:
On the bus, she often gives her
seat to
the old person.
3
、由<
/p>
to
引出间接宾语的动词有:
give,
show, pass, lend, take, tell
等;由
< br>for
引出间接宾语的动词有:
buy, make,
cook, get, sing, read
等。
点击三:复合宾语用法要点
1
、常接
形容词作宾语补足语的动词有:
keep, make,
find
等。如:
We must
keep our classroom clean.
2
p>
、
常接名词作宾语补足语的动词有:
cal
l, name, make,
think
等。
如:
We call
them mooncakes.
3
、常接
动词
-ing
形式作宾语补足语的动词有:
see, watch, hear, find, keep
等。如:
In the country, we
can hear birds singing.
4
、
p>
常接介词短语作宾语补足语的动词有:
keep, find,
leave
等。
如:
I left
my
pen on my desk at home.
5
p>
、常接带
to
的动词不定式作宾语补足语的
动词有:
ask, tell, want, teach,
wish
等;
接不带
to
的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:
see, watch, hear,
make,
let
等。如:
I
often see him play football.
She
often asks me to help her.
注:
he
lp
后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式可以带
to
也可以不带
to
。如:
I
often help my mother(to) do some housework.
p>
点击四:怎样区分
双宾语
< br>
和
复合宾语
?
看宾语与其后面的成分之间的关系:
如果宾语与其后成分之间存在着逻辑上
的主谓关系
(
或主表关系
)
,
那么该动
词所接的是复合宾语,
否则就是双宾语。
如:
< br>Who kept you waiting so long? (
宾语
you
与
waiting
之间存在着主谓关系,因此
you
waiting
是复合宾语。
)
动名词在形式上,
和现在分词相同,
然而现在分词具有形容词或副词的特点;
而动名词具有
名词的特点。因此在句子中可用作主语、表语、宾语或介词的宾语。例如:
Working with
you is a pleasure.
和你一起工作是一种
乐趣。
(主语)
Seeing is belie
ving.
眼见为实。
(主语)
Another goal
was ending the chaos in the country.
另一
个目标是结束国家的混乱状态。
(表
语)
What he got
in his mind was walking all the way to town.
他心中的想的办法是一路步行进
城。
(表语)
My job is teaching.
< br>我的工作是教学。
(表语)
To keep money that you have
found is stealing.
私藏拾到的钱等于偷窃。
(表语)
Her shoes wants mending.
她的鞋该修理了。
(宾语)
I have finished
writing this book.
我已经写完这本书了。
(
宾语
)
She left without saying good-bye to us.
她没有向我们告别就走了。
(介词宾语)
My brother is
fond of skating.
我弟弟喜欢滑冰。
(介词宾语)
Thank you for
giving me some help.
谢谢你给我些帮助。
(
介词宾语
)
§
10
由于
动名词是动词的一种形式,因此动名词也具有动词的一些特征。动名词可以带直接
宾语;
可以被副词修饰。例如:
My hobby is collecting stamps.
< br>我的爱好是集邮。
(stamps
是动名词
collecting
的宾语
)
Meeting
you
has
been
a great pleasure.
见到你是件很快乐的事。
(
you
是动名词
meeting
的宾语)
I like driving fast.
我喜欢开快车。
(副词
fast
修饰动名词
driving
)
动名词还有几种形式:
主动形式
被动形式
一般式
doing
being done
完成式
Having done
Having been done
§
11
动名词(短语)的句法功能:
1.
动名词具有名词的特征,做主语
。例如:
Talking mends no holes.
空谈无济于事。
Sweeping the floor is my
wife's everyday
work.
扫地是我妻子的日常工作。
Doing morning
exercises is good for your health.
做早操对你的健康有好处。
【注意】注意以下句型,
“
it
”
是形式主语,动名词是正真的主语。动名
词做主语时谓语动词
用单数。例如:
It is no good smoking and
drinking. I suggest that you should give them up.<
/p>
吸烟喝酒没有
好处。我建议你应该戒掉。
It is a waste
of time watching TV all
day.
整天看电视是浪费时间。
It is no use operating on
this woman. She ought to have been sent here two
hours ago.
给
这个妇女做手术已经没有用了,她本
来应该在两个小时之前送来。
Living together with you has been a
great pleasure.
和你住在一起真高兴。
2.
作表语
My job is teaching
English.
我的工作是教英语。
The only thing
that interests her is
dancing.
唯一使她感兴趣的事情是跳舞。
The real
problem is getting to know the needs of the custom
ers.
真正的问题是了解消费者
的需要。
To keep
money you have found is
stealing.
捡到钱不交等于偷窃。
【注意】
一般来说,
动名词作表语表示主语的内容;
而现在分词作表语表
示主语的特征和属
性。例如:
The work assigned to us is
bringing the chairs downstairs.
分配给我们的工作
是把椅子带下
楼来。
(表示主语的内容)
Her job is
raising pigs.
她的工作是养猪。
(表示主语的内容)
The film was
exciting.
这部电影激动人心。
(表示主语的特征)
It
is annoying that the meeting should be put off.
会议延期了使人扫兴。
(表示主语的特征)
3.
作宾语
Andrew hated giving
anaesthetics.
安德罗极不喜欢麻醉工作。
I wouldn't mind
going there with
her.
与她一起去那儿,我没有意见。
I assure you I
wouldn't have troubled you if I could have avoided
doing so.
我可以向你保
证,如果当时我能避免的话
,我是决不会麻烦你的。
I enjoy listening to
music.
我喜欢听音乐。
She couldn't risk missing
that train.
我不能冒险误过那次火车。
I have finished
writing this novel.
我已经写完了这本小说。
【注意】
1.
只能用动名词作宾语,而不能用
不定式作宾语的动词有:
admit,
abhor,
acknowledge,
advise,
advocate, avoid, confess, consider, contemplate,
defer, delay, deny, discontinue,
dislike,
enjoy,
excuse,
face,
fancy,
finish,
grudge,
can't
help,
imagine,
include,
involve,
justify,
keep,
mind,
necessitate,
pardon,
postpone,
practise,
renounce,
resent,
require,
stand, suggest, understand, give up,
leave off, put off
等等。
2.
在下
列动词之后即可以用不定式,
like, love, hate, prefer,
也可以用动名词。
这样的动词有:
be
gin,
commence,
start,
continue,
attempt,
intend,
propose,
can't
bear,
cease,
choose,
decline,
deserve,
disdain,
dread,
endure,
forget,
learn,
mean,
neglect,
omit,
recollect,
recall, regret,
try
等等。例如:
Do you like swimming( to
swim)?
你喜欢游泳吗?
We began listening (to
listen)to music.
我们开始听音
She propose
making(to make)a change in our studying plan.
她建议把我们的学习计划做
一些改动。
3.
下列
动词后既可接不定式,也可接动名词,但所表示的意思不同。例如:
1)remember to
do something
记住要做某事
remember doing
something
记得曾经做过某事
例如:
I remember posting the
letter.
我记得我把封信发出了。
Please remember
to post the letter for
me.
请记住替我发信。
I remember seeing this
film.
我记得曾经看过这部电影。
I should
remember to see the
film.
我应该记住去看这部电影。
2)forget to do
something
忘记要做某事
forget doing
忘记曾经做过某事
例如:
I shall never forget seeing
the Swiss Alps for the first time.
我将永远忘
不了我第一次游览瑞
士阿尔卑斯山的情景。
I am afraid he
will forget to write to me.
恐怕他会忘记写信给我。
3) stop to do something
停下某事去做
……
stop doing
something
停止做某事
例如:
I really must stop smoking.
我的确该戒烟。
I have been working all the
morning. I have to stop to smoke a cigarette.
我已经工作了一
上午了,我得停下抽支烟。
4) try to do
something
设法做某事
try doing something (
做某事
)
试试
例如:
Try to do your
duty well.
尽力做好本职工作。
Try knocking at
the back door if nobody hears you at the front doo
r.
前门没有人听见你的声
音,那么敲敲后门试一试。
5)regret to do something
因做某事感到悲哀(不愉快)
regret doing
因做某事感到后悔
例如:
I regret causing him so
much inconvenience.
我因给他带来许多不便而感到懊悔。
I
regret to inform you that we are unable to offer
your employment.
我很抱歉地通知你,我
们不
能接受你的雇用。
6)mean doing
意味着或意思是
mean to do something
打算做某事或想要做某事
例如:
We know that learning a
language does not mean just working in a class.
p>
我们知道,学习
一种语言并不意味着只是在课堂里学习。
I didn't
mean to hurt your feelings.
我并没有想伤害你的感情。
7)go on to do something
(做完某事)接着做另一件事
go on doing something
继续做某事
例如:
I hope it won't go on
snowing all day and all night.
我希望雪不要整天整夜下个不停。
Our
teacher
welcomed
the
new
students
and
then
went
on
to
explain
the
school
regulations.
在欢迎新生后,我们的老师开始解释学校的规章制度。
8)need to do
something
需要做某事(表示主动)
need doing something
需要
……
(表示被动)
例如:
You need to work harder.
你需要更加努力学习。
Your house needs painting.
你的房子需要油漆了。
9)want to do something
想做某事(表示主动)
want doing
需要
……
(表示被动)
例如:
I want to study
French.
我想学习法语。
The electric shaver wants
repairing before it can be used.
电动剃须刀需经修理才能使用。
10)begin
和
start
在下列三种情况下最好用动名词。
A.
主语是物而不是人时。例如:
The ice
began(started) to melt.
冰开始融化。
The barometer began
(started)to fall.
气压计开始下降。
B.
当<
/p>
begin
或
start
用于进行时态时。例如:
She is beginning (starting)
to cook the dinner.
她开始做饭。
C.
当<
/p>
begin
或
start
后面的动词指心理状态或精神活动时。例如:
I began to understand my
past mistakes.
我开始认识自己过去的错误。
She started to
wonder who had done it.
她开始纳闷,这件事究竟是谁做的。
11)
请比较以下句子:
The buses have ceased
running.
公共汽车已经停了。
The buses
ceased to run.
公共汽车停掉不开了。
第一句的意思可能是:
“
公共汽车今天停开,但是明天将再开。
“
第二个句子的意思可能是:
“
公共汽车将停开
很长的一段时间,也可能永远不再开了。
”