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（英语）英语阅读理解题
20
套
(
带答案
)
一、高中英语阅读理解
1
．
阅读理解
Dogs were living as companions to
the early settlers of North America over 10,000
years ago.
The oldest domestic dogs in
the Americas were thought to be around 9500 years
old. Angela Perri
of Durham University,
UK, and her colleagues have carried out fresh
radiocarbon dating on the
two
dog
skeletons
that
gave
this
date,
discovered
in
the
prehistoric
Koster
site
in
Illinois,
and
found they were even
older: around 10,100 years old.
A third dog from another Illinois
site called Stilwell II was older still, at 10,190
years old. That
makes it the oldest
known domesticated dog in the Americas. The team
concluded that all three
dogs
were
domesticated
as
they
skeletons
were
complete
and
unskinned,
and
so
hadn't
been
butchered
for
food.
They
had
also
been
carefully
buried,
evidence
they
were
valued
by
their
owners.
The
Stilwell
II
dog,
which
probably
resembled
a
small
English
settler,
was
under
what
seemed to be the floor of a living
area. It is unclear why it took so long for tame
dogs to arrive in
the Americas, given
that they were domesticated at least 14,000 years
ago in Eurasia. By this time,
people
were already moving into North America from
Siberia; there is evidence some reached
Chile 18,500 years ago. Geneticists
have found signs of at least three waves of
migration over the
following
millennia.
There
is
no
evidence
that
domestic
dogs
accompanied
them.
“We
don't
know if dogs were part of the first
waves of immigration to the
Americas
Ghent University in Belgium.
is
they may not have had
Pennsylvania State
University.
（
1
）
How
old is the oldest known domestic dog in the
Americas7
A.
About 9500 years.
B. About
10,100 years.
C. 10,190 years.
D. 18,500 years.
（
2
）
The
underlined word
A. killed
B. bought C.
trained D.
raised
（
3
< br>）
What
is
the
attitude
towards
when
tame
dogs
arrived
in
the
Americas
in
the
last
three
paragraphs?
A. Undoubted. B.
Unsure. C. Indifferent.
D. Unconfident.
（
4
）
What is the main topic of
this passage?
A.
The earliest domestic dog in the Americas.
B. The first dog arriving in the
Americas.
C. How dogs were
domesticated in the Americas.
D. When the oldest dog was found in the
Americas.
【答案】
（
1
）
C
（
2
）
A
（
3
）
B
（
4
）
A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文
，介绍了大概一万年以前就在北美成为人类伙伴的狗
的种类。
（
1
）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的
“A
third
dog
from
another
Illinois
site
called
Stilwell
II
was
older
still,
at
10,190
years
old.
That
makes
it
the
oldest
known
domesticated
dog
in
the
Americas.”
可知，美洲最古老的家犬有
10,190
年。故选
C
。
（
2
）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的
“The
team
concluded
that
all
three
dogs
were
domesticated as they skeletons were
complete and unskinned, and so hadn't been
butchered for
food. They had also been
carefully buried, evidence they were valued by
their owners. ”
研究小组
得出的结论是，这三
种狗都是被驯化的，因为它们的骨骼是完整的，没有皮肤的，所以没
有被宰杀作为食物。
他们也被仔细地埋葬了，证据表明他们是被主人重视的。关键词
buried
，可知划线词的意思是
“
杀死
”
，故选
A
。
（
3
）考查推理判断。根据第二
段中的
“It is unclear why it took so long
for tame dogs to arrive
in the
Americas, given that they were domesticated at
least 14,000 years ago in Eurasia.”
可知，<
/p>
对到达美洲的驯服的狗态度是不确定。故选
B
。
（
4
）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的
“Do
gs were
living as companions to the early settlers of
North America over 10,000 years ago.
The oldest domestic dogs in the Americas were
thought to
be around 9500 years old.”
可知，美洲有最早的家犬。故选
A
。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四
个题型的考查，是一
篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下
文的逻辑关系，进行
分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
2
．
阅读理解
They say that an apple a day keeps
the doctor away. Well, there is one lady who
believes that
it's actually chocolate.
At 102 years of age, she's living
proof.
According to
Boonville, Indiana's Eunice Modlin, a daily dose
of chocolate has been the key to a
long
and healthy life. Specifically, two pieces of dark
chocolate. It's not just Eunice who believes
this.
Many
scientists have attributed the sweet to health
benefits such as lower chances of cancer,
cardiovascular disease, and
diabetes.
However,
researchers
believe
that
Eunice
might
be
overlooking
the
fact
that
she
has
never
smoked
or drunk alcohol in her long life, and that
chocolate might not be the significant cause of
her longevity.
Vanessa Rissetto said.
At
any
rate,
Eunice
is
still
alive
and
kicking.
With
four
children,
seven
grandkids,
14
great-
grandkids and 11
great-great grandkids, this lady has a big
family.
It must be noted
that Eunice was also very athletic, being an
archer in her 20s .Amazingly, she
has
lived through tough times such as the Great
Depression and World War II .Also, the healthy
blood runs through the veins of other
family members. Eunice's brother is also still
alive, at 101
years of age.
No matter what you might think,
Eunice's consumption of chocolate can't be
ignored. In 2015,
a BMJ study showed
that a daily treat of one small bar would give the
consumer 23% less chance
of having a
stroke (
中风
).
What
is
in
the
sweet
that
makes
it
so
beneficial?
Apparently,
cocoa
beans
have
flavonoids,
plant nutrients
that have useful antioxidants
(
抗氧化剂
).
milk chocolate, and
white chocolate
—
which does
not actually contain
chocolate
—
is not a good
source of flavonoids.
（
1
）
According
to the article, which of the following lead to
Eunice Modlin's long and healthy
life?
a. two
pieces of dark chocolate
b.
genes
c. lifelong
exercise
d. good
diet
e. love of her large
family
A. a, b, d
B. b, c, d C. a,
b, e D. a, c,
d
（
2
）<
/p>
Rissetto thinks that .
A. chocolate
is
the
most
important
thing
that
affects
Eunice's
health
B. no
smoking
or
drinking contributes the most to
Eunice's longevity
C.
chocolate
really
has
nothing
to
do
with
her
long
and
healthy
life
D. Eunice's
good
diet
doesn't only mean
taking chocolate every day
（
3
）
What the author
presented in the passage sounds .
A. persuasive
B. objective C.
subjective D.
critical
（
4
）
From the whole passage we can
conclude that______________.
A. there's universal proof
for what contributes to a long life
B. it is generally accepted that
chocolate is the key to
longevity
C. many factors
may contribute to people's good health
D. a bit of any chocolate a day keeps
the doctor away
【
答案】
（
1
）
A
（
2
）<
/p>
D
（
3
）
B
（
4
）
C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文
，美国印第安纳女性
Eunice
Modlin
现在已经
102
岁的
了，她
认为自己长寿的秘密是每天吃巧克力，并分析了她长寿的原因以及巧克力对健康产
生影响
的原因。
（
1
）考查细节理解。根据第五段
“‘There
are
so
many
o
ther
factors
to
her
long
life
and
chocolate isn't the only one,’
nutritionist Vanessa Rissetto said. ‘Genes, her
diet in general…are
probably
the
main
reasons.
’”
可知研究人员认为
Eunice
Modlin
长寿的原因有很多，基因、饮
食以及巧克力都起了
作用。故选
A
。
（
2
）考查推理判断。根据最后一段
“ ‘Not all chocolate is created equal,’ Rissetto
warns. ‘Dark
chocolate
has
more
flavonoids
than
milk
chocolate,
and
white
chocolate
—
which
does
not
actually
contain chocolate
—is not a good source
of flavonoids.’”
可知
Rissetto
认为只有黑巧克
力才黄酮，而黄酮是抗氧化剂的很好的来源。
Eunice
的饮食不仅仅意味着吃巧克力，而要
吃黑巧克力。故选
D
。
（
3
）考查态度观点。本文是一篇说明文，美国
印第安纳女性
Eunice
Modlin
现在已经
102
岁的了，她认为自己长寿的秘密是每天吃巧
克力，并分析了她长寿的原因以及巧克力对健
康的影响。文章中作者只是客观陈述事实，
并没有发表个人观点，所以作者持客观的态
度。故选
B
。
（
4
）考查推理判断。根据第五段
“‘There
are
so
many
other
factors
to
her
long
life
and
chocolate isn't the only
one,’ nutritionist Vanessa Rissetto said. ‘Genes,
her diet in general…are
probably
the
main
reasons.
’”
可知研究人员认为
Eunice
Modlin
长寿的原因有很多，基因、饮
食以及巧克力都起了
作用。同样人们的健康是受到不同因素的影响的，故选
C
。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和观点态度三个题型的
考查，是一篇生活类阅
读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的进行逻辑推理，
概括归纳，从而选出正
确答案。
3
．
阅读理解
Twenty-five years ago, as a parent
educator, I began reading about the dangers of
praise. I was
completely shocked by
what I was learning: praise is not good for our
kids. How could that be? So
I spent
years talking with experts, reading about the
effects of praise, and finally decided to close
the door on praise and focus on
building an encouraging family.
Even today, with many studies
available to parents, I still hear people say,
How can saying 'Good job' or 'You're
smart' be bad?
break.
If we tell a boy
feel
when he comes home with a D? If we've told him
that he is smart, then he will more likely
feel a failure when he struggles with
homework
—
this?
Praise
trains children to depend on constant feedback on
what a
This dependency shatters rather
than builds children's confidence. Praise trains
children to ask,
others
think is more important than what they think about
their achievements and mistakes.
Praise breaks the relationship
between parents and children. Without even
realizing it, parents
may be using
praise as a tool to direct the child's behavior.
The message is clear
—
I
approve of
you
when
you
…
and
I
do
not
approve
of
you
when
you
…
Living
with
this
kind
of
constant
judgment can damage not only the
child's confidence but also the
relationship.
The
solution to the problem of praise is
encouragement. Encouragement can be given at any
time, to anyone, in any situation. It
is a comment, an acknowledgment, a statement that
focuses
on effort, improvement or
choice. Hearing
they
don't
do
well
in
a
test.
Using
took
a
lot
of
work
to
come
home
with
an
A
in
your
test
…
（
1
）<
/p>
What can be inferred from the first two
paragraphs?
A.
Many
parents
can't
get
on
well
with
their
children.
B. The
author
never
shows
any
approval to his children.
C. It's
hard
for
many
parents
to
believe
praise
is
harmful.
D. The
author
spent
25
years
changing people's
opinion on praise.
（
< br>2
）
According to the
passage, it seems that parents' praise ______.
A. can lead to children's
being smart B. might have just
the opposite effect
C. is a
good tool to educate their children
D. helps them get along well with their
children
（
3
）
Which of the following is a good
example of encouragement?
A. You are very good at math.
B. You are the best artist I have ever
seen.
C. You have a problem
and you have to fix it.
D. You
didn't think you could finish in time, but
you did.
【答案】
（
1
）
C
（
2
）
< br>B
（
3
）
D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇议论文
，介绍了表扬对孩子成长的害处并提出建议我们应该
多鼓励。
（
1
）考查推理判断。根据第一段作者
的经历以及第二段中的
“Even today, with many
studies
available
to
parents,
I
still
hear
people
say,
‘How
can
that
be?
How
can
saying
'Good
job'
or
'You're smart' be bad?’ I
understand. It can be a difficult habit to break.”
可知很多父母不相信表
扬是有害的。故选
C
。
（
2
）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的
“Praise
trains children to depend on constant feedback
on
wha
t
a
‘great
job’
they
are
doing.
This
dependency
shatters
rather
than
builds
children's
confidence.
Praise trains children to ask, ‘Do you like
it?’‘Did I do a good job?’ ‘Are you proud of
me?’They begin to believe that what
others think is more important t
han
what they think about
their
achievements
and
mistakes.
”
以及第五段中的
“Praise
breaks
the
relationship
between
parents and children.”
可知表扬可能
会起到适得其反的效果，所以选
B
。
（
3
）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中
的
“It
is
a
comment,
an
acknowledgment,
a
statement
that focuses on
effort, improvement o
r choice.“
< br>可知鼓励是一个评论，认可，你个对于努力，
进步，选择的陈述，所以选
D
。
【点评】本题考
点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的
逻辑关系，进行
分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
4
．
阅读理解
Sometimes, you just
can't help it. Maybe you're watching a sad movie,
or thinking about the
friend who
moved
away.
Next
thing
you
know,
you feel
pressure
in
your
throat,
your
eyes
are
watering, and you have tears running
down your cheeks.
According
to
Ad
Vingerhoets,
a
professor
of
psychology
at
Tilburg
University,
in
the
Netherlands, who
is
one
of
the
few
scientists
in
the
world
who
have
studied
crying,
there
are
three types of tears. Basal tears are
the first type. They act as a protective barrier
between the
eye and the rest of the
World. Next are reflex tears. They wash your eyes
clean when something
gets
in
them.
Finally,
there
are
emotional
tears.
are
released
in
response
to
emotional
states,
Scientists
believe
crying
has
something
to
do
with
how
humans
developed
and
learned
to
depend
on
each
other.
are
very
complex
social
creatures,
says
Lauren
Bylsma,
a
professor
at
the
University
of
Pittsburgh,
in
Pennsylvania.
seems
that
tears
serve
to
arouse
help and support from
others,
Vingerhoets
agrees,
（流眼泪）
has something
to do with our childhood,
love and protection and care. The major
advantage of emotional tears is that you can
target them
at a specific
person.
when humans were living among
dangerous animals. Tears were a safer way to get
attention.
this case, it is better to
use a silent signal to ask for help,
Vingerhoets and Byhma do frequent
studies to better understand why humans cry.
According
to
Byhma,
there
is
still
much
more
to
discover.
surprising,
says,
much
we
still
don't know.
（
1
）
In
the scientists' opinion, crying is ________.
A.a sign of human
evolution
B.a result of
human kindness
C.a cause of
personal growth
D.a means of
relying on each other
（
2
）
The
underlined phrase
help
wisely
tears at
someone
emotionally
to other
people
（
3
< br>）
From the text, we learn that Ad
Vingerhoets and Lauren Bylsma ________.
different opinions about
the causes of tears
positively of the effects of tears
working together to study
tears
learned enough about
tears
（
4
）
What can be a suitable title for the
text?
types of
tears
components of
tears
science of
tears
opinions about
tears
【答案】
（
1
）
D
< br>
（
2
）
B
（
3
）
B
（
4
）
C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文
，从科学的角度分析了哭的类型和哭的原因等内容。
（
1
）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的
“Scientists believe crying has something
to do with how
humans developed and
learned to depend on each other”
可知，科学家们
认为哭与人类如何发
展和学习彼此依靠有关系。故可知哭是人们互相依靠的一种方法，选
D
。
（
2
）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的
“‘The
major
advantage
of
emotional
tears
is
that
you
can target them at a specific person.’
Vingerhoets says
this ability could
have come in handy in
prehistoric
times, when humans were living among dangerous
animals. Tears were a safer way to
get
attention.
认为泪水的主要优势就是你可以将泪水指
向一个特定的目标。这
种能力在史前发挥了作用，当时人们生活在危险的动物中。泪水是
获得注意的一种更安全
的方式。由此可知，
this abil
ity
指将泪水指向一个特定的目标的能力，故选
B
。
（
3
）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的
“Lauren
Bylsma,
a
professor
at
the
University
of
Pittsburgh, in Pennsylvania. ‘It seems
that tears serve to arouse help and support from
others,’
She
says.
Vingerhoets
agrees”
可知，
Lauren
Bylsma
和
Vingerhoet
s
都认为泪水可以唤起别人
的帮助和支持。结合选项可知，他们
都认可泪水的积极作用。故选
B
。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题
型的考查，是一篇科普类阅
读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，
进行分析，推理，从而选出
正确答案。
5
．
阅读理解
For
years,
my
time
spent
in
the
shower
could
have
got
me
a
mention
in
Guinness
World
Records as the shortest time taken to
bathe. I hurried up during this
process.
One day,
however, while at a party, I heard an artist
friend telling everybody that his idea came
while
he
was
having
a
shower.
“What
about
you?”
he
asked,
“Don't
you
get
your
creative
thoughts from the
same place?”
“I'm in and out in a hurry,” I told him
proudly. “I have no time to waste!”
“What
a
pity,”
he
said.
“That's
the
place
wher
e
you
need
to
slow
down;
plenty
of
great
thoughts come from
there!” I tried it out. I slowed down the whole
process, started enjoying the
warm
water, taking a little longer to soap myself and
even spending more time just enjoying the
process, and realized how much I had
missed in hurrying up all these years.
A
woman
told
me
how
much
stress
her
friend
was
suffering
from
and
how
she
sought
to
convince
her
that
she
needed
to
find
ways
to
relax.
She
gave
her
a
videotape
on
stress
management
and
relaxation
techniques,
and
encouraged
her
to
watch
it
right
away.
Fifteen
minutes later, her
friend handed back the tape. “It was good,” she
said,” but I don't need it.”
“But
it's
a
70
-
minute
video,”
the
woman
replied,
“You
couldn't
have
watched
the
whole
thing.
”
“Yes, I did,” her friend
said. “I put it in fast
-
forward!”
A
major
social
problem
of
the
21st
century
is
Hurry
Sickness.
We
hurry
through
work.
We
swallow
fast food. We complain that we don't have enough
time. We race through the days and
weeks unt
il one day we look
back in amazement and comment, “My god, how the
years flew by!”
Then we realize the
heavy price we have paid for traveling
fast.
Symptoms
of
Hurry
Sickness
include
stress
and
anxiety,
bad
relationships,
lowered
work
performance and even
disease. Some people don't survive it. What's the
cure? Slow down, for
life is so short
and precious that we must live it well.
（
1
）
Wha
t was the advantage of taking a shower in the eyes
of the artist friend?
A. Time was saved.
B. Nothing was missed.
C. Great ideas flew away.
D. Creative thoughts came.
<
/p>
（
2
）
What
was the trouble with the woman's friend?
A. She felt stressed.
B. She found the tape
useless.
C. She found no way
to relax. D. She
watched the tape too fast.
（
3
）
What are the
major trouble people face in the 21st century in
the writer's eyes?
A. People run fast to work.
B. Everything is done in a
hurry.
C. People don't have
enough time. D. Time flies
without being noticed.
（
4
）
How
can the problem be settled?
A. By pacing down.
B. By learning to survive.
C. By developing friendship.
D. By performing good work.
【答案】
（
1
）
D
（
2
）
A
（
3
）
B
（
4
）
A
【解析】
【分析】本文为应用文。很
多人以自己的快节奏生活而自豪，这会造成一种匆忙
症，它的突出症状为焦虑，有压力，
生病，工作效率低甚至活不下去。如果想治愈症，就
要放慢速度。比如放慢洗澡的速度有
可能会创意的想法出现。
（
1
）细节理解题。根据第二段中的
I
heard
an
artist
friend
telling
everybody
that
his
idea
came
while
he
was
having
a
shower.
…“Do
n't
you
get
your
creative
thoughts
from
the
same
place?”
可知，作者
的艺术家的朋友告诉大家。他创造性的想法是在他洗澡的时候来的。分
析选项可知
D
项符合题意，故答案选
D
< br>。
（
2
）细节理解题。根据第五段
“A
woman
told
me
how
much
stress
her
friend
was
suffering
from …”
可知，这位女子说她的朋友遭受了很大的压力。分析选项可知，故答案选
A
。
（
3
< br>）细节理解题。根据第八段内容可知，
21
世纪的人最大
的问题就是
“
匆忙病
”
。他们匆
匆忙忙的工作。吃快餐。他们抱怨没有足够的时间。他们一直和时间赛
跑，直到有一天，
惊讶地回过头来，说，
“
我的上帝，时光飞逝啊！
“
然后意识到他们已经付出了沉重
的代
价。分析本段的内容可知
B
项（一
切都是匆匆忙忙完成的。）符合题意。在本段中说他们
匆匆忙忙地工作而不是奔跑去上班
，
A
错误。他们抱怨没有足够的时间
而不是没有足够的
时间，故
C
是错误的
。而
D
项与题干无关。故不选，分析可知
B
项符合题意。
（
4
）推理判断题。最后一段说匆忙症的症状包括有压力和焦虑，不良的人际关系
，工作效
率低，甚至生病。有些人甚至无法生存下去。如何治呢？那就是放慢脚步。分析
可知，要
解决这个问题就要放慢速度。分析选项可知
A
项符合题意。
【点评】阅读理解细节题解题技巧：
1
）语义转换题
--
跳读查找法：根据
题干内容从原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分
析，便可确定最佳答案。
2
）生活应用题
--
常识理解法：在读懂文章的基础上结合一定的生活常识进行判断。
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