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上海中考英语句型转换讲解与练习
【考点讲解】
一、肯定句改为否定句
在做此类题时，通常在系动词、助动词和情态动词后加
not
(n't)
。如
果句
中没有这些词，
则根据谓语动词的原形、
第三人称单数动词形式
或过去式而分别在其前面加
do
not
(don't),
does
not
(doesn't)
或
did
not
(didn't),
并将第三人称单数动词形式或过去式改为原形。如：
We
can
finish
the
work
this
afternoon.
→We
can't
finish
the
work
this
aft
ernoon.
They
put
the
basket
under
the
tree
just
now.
→They
didn't
put
the
basket
under
the
tree
just
now.
注意：
1.
当
think,
believe,
suppose<
/p>
等动词后面跟宾语从句时，通常用否
定主句谓语动词来达到否定从
句谓语动词的目的。如：
I
think
they
can
come
tonight.
→I
don't
think
they
can
come
tonight.
2.
当
mu
st
表示推测，
表示
“
一定；
肯定
”
的含义时，
否定句应用
can't
。
< br>如：
He
must
be
in
the
room.
→He
can't
be
in
the
room.
二、陈述句改为疑问句
陈述句改为疑问句一般有三种情况：一是改为一般疑问句，二是改
为反
意疑问句。如
:
1.
The
students
had
learned
about
1,000
English
words
by
the
end
of
last
t
erm.
（改为一般疑问句）
2
．利用从句改写
即运用关系代词、关系副词或从属连词改写。如：
1.
The
man
is
talking
with
a
lady.
He
gave
us
a
talk
last
week.
The
man
_________
gave
us
a
talk
last
week
_________
_________
with
a
lady.
【答案】
who
/
that;
is
talking
。定语从句
who
/
that
gave
us
a
talk
last
week
< br>修饰先行词
the
man
。
2.
He
didn’t
want
to
miss
the
first
bus,
so
he
got
up
early.
He
got
up
early
_________
_________
he
could
catch
the
first
bus.
【答案】
so
that
。目的状语从句
so
that
he
could
catch
the
first
bus
< br>说明
动词
got
up
early
的目的。
3.
“Did
you
sleep
well
last
night?”
David
asked
her.
David
asked
her
_________
_________
_________
well
last
night.
【答案】
if
/
whether
she
slept
< br>。直接引语转换成间接引语时，如果直
接引语是一般疑问句时，连接词要用
if
或
whether
，句子保持陈述句
的语序。
4.
Come
on,
or
we’ll
miss
the
early
bus.
_________
we
_________
hurry,
we’ll
miss
the
early
bus.
【答案】
If;
don’
t
。
if
<
/p>
引导条件状语从句。句意为：如果我们还不快
一点，我们就赶不上
头班车了。
祈使句与条件状语从句的相互转换
5.
John
will
go
to
bed
after
he
finished
his
homework.
John
_________
to
bed
_________
he
finished
his
homework.
【答案】
didn’t;
until
。
not…until
表示
“
直到
……
才
”
的意思。
3
．利用
so
do
I
改写
“so
＋动词＋主语
”
结构，
表示肯定，
译为
“
某人
(
物
)
也如此
”
。
“neither
／
nor
< br>
＋动词＋主语
”
结构表示否定
，
译为
“
某
人
(
物
)
<
/p>
也不
……”
。
这
两
种结构指前一句所说的情况同样也适合另一个人或物。
转换时应注意四点：
1.
）动词指助动词、
be
动词或情态动词；
2.
）动词在时态上与前句呼应；
3.
）动词在数上要与本句主语保持一致；
4.
）
表示否定时，
neither
／
nor
本身具有否定意义，
动词要用肯定形式。
1.
Jim
wants
to
go
boating
and
his
parents
want
to
go
boating,
too.
Jim
w
ants
to
go
boating,
and
_________
_________
his
parents.
【答案】
so
do
。主语是复数
his
parents,
时态是一般现在时
，助动词
do
。
1.
I
like
playing
tennis.
He
likes
playing
tennis,
too.
I
like
playing
tennis,
_________
_________
he.
【答案】
so
does
。主语是第三人称单数，时态是一般现在时，助动词
用
does
。
4
．利用连词改写
运用关联连词
(
组
)
both...and,
neither...nor,
either...or,
not
only...but
also,
as
well
as
等，
可将并列句或两个句子合并为一个简单句，注意
neit
her...nor,
either...or,
not
only...but
also
作主语时，
谓语动词遵循就近
原则。
1.
Lucy
can’t
sing
the
English
song
Yesterday
Once
More.
And
Lily
can’t
sing
it,
either.
_________
Lucy_________
Lily
can
sing
the
English
song
Yesterday
On
ce
More.
【答案】
Neither;
nor
。
neither...nor
表示
“(
两者
)
都不
”
。
2.
My
father
isn’t
a
history
teacher.
My
mother
isn’t
a
history
teacher,
eith
er.
_________
my
father
_________
my
mother
_________
a
history
tea
cher.
【答案】
Neither;
nor;
is
。
neither
…nor…
作句子的主语时，谓语动
词
遵循
“
就近原则
”
，与最邻近的那个名词或代词保持数的一致。
2.
Alice
has
seen
the
film
twice.
Sandy
has
seen
it
twice,
too.
________
_
Alice_________
Sandy
have
seen
the
film
twice.
【答案】
Both;
and
。
both…and
表示
“(
两者
)
都
”
。
4.
This
store
sells
men’s
shoes,
and
it
also
sells
men’s
clothes.
This
store
sells
_________
_________
men’s
shoes
_________
________
_
men’s
clothes.
【答案】
not
only;
but
also
。
not
only...but
also
示
“
不仅
……
而且
”
之意。
5
．利用介词短语改写
1.
We
have
friends
in
the
whole
world.
Our
friends
are
_________
_________
the
world.
【答案】
all
over
。固定词组
all
over
表示
“
遍
及
”
之意。
2.
It’s
a
long
time
since
we
met
last.
We
haven’t
seen
each
other
_________
_________.
【答案】
for
long
。
for
long
意为
“
很长一段时
间
”
。
3.
He
walks
to
school
every
day.
He
goes
to
school
_________
_________
every
day.
【答案】
on
foot
。固定词组
on
foot
意为
“
步行<
/p>
”
。
3.
Tom
had
no
time
for
breakfast.
He
went
to
school
in
a
hurry.
Tom
_________
to
school
_________
breakfast.
【答案】
went;
without
。介词
without
有
“
没有，不
(
带
)
”
之意。
5.
I
met
one
of
my
friends
when
I
was
going
to
the
museum.
_________
_________
_________
to
the
museum
I
met
an
old
friend
of
mine.
【答案】
On
my
way
。
介词短语
on
one’s
way
to…
表示
“
在某人去
……
的路上意思。
6
．利用不定式改写
1.
The
foreigners
want
to
know
how
they
can
learn
Chinese
Kongfu
well.
The
foreigners
want
to
know
_________
_________
learn
Chinese
Kongf
u
well.
【答案】
how
to
。不定式与特殊疑问词
what,
when,
where,
how,
which,
whether
连用构成不定式复合结构，在
句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等
。
2.
She
was
so
weak
that
she
couldn’t
take
care
of
her
baby.
She
was
____
_____
weak
_________
take
care
of
her
baby.
【答案】
too;
< br>to
。
原句意思是：
她身体太弱
，
不能照顾孩子。
too…to
…
句
型表示
“
太
……
以致
于
(
不能
)……”
之意。
3.
She
seems
to
be
worried
now.
_________
_________
that
she
_________
worried
now.
【答案】
It
seems;
is
。固定句型
It
seems
/
seemed
that
sb…
可替换成
sb
seems
/
seemed
to
…
，表
示
“
某人看起来
……”
。
4.
He
was
so
happy
that
he
couldn’t
say
a
word
when
he
was
told
the
ne
ws.
He
was
_________
happy
_________
say
a
word
when
he
was
told
th
e
news.
【答案】
too;
< br>to
。
too…to…
表示
“
太
……
而不能
……”
之意。
5.
The
ice
on
the
lake
was
so
thin
that
people
couldn’t
skate
on
it.
The
ice
on
the
lake
was
not
_________
enough
_________people
______
___
_________
_________
it.
【答案】
thick;
for;
to
skate
on
。形容词或副词
+enough
+to
do
sth,
意为
“
足够
……
以致于能够
……”
，用来替换
“so…that+
结果状语从句<
/p>
”
。
6.
In
China
we
build
the
Great
Green
Wall
so
that
the
wind
won’t
blow
th
e
earth
away.
In
China
we
build
the
Great
Green
Wall
_________
_________
_______
__
_________
_________
_________
the
earth
away.
【答案】
to
stop
the
wind
from
blowing
。不定式作目的状语。
7
．利用时态改写
中考同义句改写中涉及的时态间的相互转换主要是针对一般过去时
与现在完成时
两种时态间的转换而言的，
应特别注意非延续性动词的
用法。如
：
1.
The
film
began
20
minutes
ago.
The
film
has
been
_________
_________
20
minutes.
【答案】
on
for
。
短暂动词
begin
，
在此意为
“(
电影
)
开始
(<
/p>
放映、
上演
)
”
，
不能与延续时间状语连用，与延续
性时间状语连用时，将
begin
改成
be
up
。
has
been
提示时态是现在完成时态，
“for+
时间段
”
< br>
表示
“
持续
< br>(
一段时间
)
”
，常用在含有现在完成时态的句子里。摘自中考英语网
2.
Sam’s
grandfather
died
10
years
ago.
Sam’s
grandfather
has
been
_________
_________
10
years.
【答案】
dead
< br>for
。短暂动词
die
，意为
“
死亡
”
，不
能与延续性时间状
语连用，与延续性时间状语连用时，将短暂动词
die
改为
be
dead
。
3.
My
grandpa
joined
the
Party
thirty
years
ago.
My
grandpa
_________
_________
_________
the
Party
for
thirty
years.
【答案】
has
been
in
。短暂动词
join
，意为
“
加入
(
组织，政党
)
”
，不能
与延续性时间状语连用，与延续性时间状语连用时，将
join
改成
be
in
或
be
a
member
in…
。
”
4.
I
got
up
half
an
hour
ago.
I
_________
_________
up
for
half
an
hour.
【答案】
have
< br>been
。短暂动词
get
<
/p>
up
，意为
“
起
床
”
，不能与延续时间
状语连用，与延
续性时间状语连用时，将
get
up
改成
be
up
。
5.
Three
years
has
passed
since
the
students
came
to
this
school.
The
stud
ents
have
_________
_________
this
school
for
three
years.
【答案】
been
< br>in
。与原句意思一致，
“
学生
在这所学校里已
3
年了
”
。
8
．利用语态改写
通过改变主语，
主动语态与被动语态之间可进行同义句转换，
< br>特别要
注意时态、情态动词的用法。如：
1.
People
grow
rice
in
the
south
of
China.
Rice_________
_________
in
the
south
of
China.
【答案】
is
grown
。
rice
作主语，
助动词用一般现在时的单数形式
is
。
2.
Everyone
should
give
back
his
library
books
on
time.
Library
books
sh
ould
_________
_________
on
time.
【答案】
be
given
back
。被动句中含有情态动词
should
，因此助动词<
/p>
用
be
。
3.
It
is
widely
accepted
that
more
people
use
computers
in
the
world
toda
y.
Computers
_________
widely
_________
in
the
world
today.
【答案】
are;
< br>used
。
computers
是复数名词作主语，助动词用
are
，且
句子用被动。
4.
We
must
keep
the
noise
level
under
50dbs(
分贝
).
The
noise
level
must
_________
_________
under
50dbs.
【答案】
be
kept
。被动句中含情态动词
must
，因此助动词用
be
。
5.
Do
they
grow
rice
in
autumn?
_____
rice_____
in
autumn?
【答案】
Is;
grown
。不可数名词
rice
作主语
,
助动词用单数
is
，一般
疑问句的助动词置于句首。
6.
We
call
maths
the
language
of
science.
Maths
_________
_________
the
language
of
science.
【答案】
is
called
。
主语
maths
虽然是以
s
结尾，
但并不是名词的复数，
因此助动词仍用单数
is
。
9
．利用反义词改写
用反义词或词组加上否定词表达与原句相同的意思，
主要考查学生对
反义词、词组的积累和换位思维的能力。如：
1.
The
boy
lent
a
story
-
book
to
Tom
just
now.
Tom
_________
a
story
-
book
_________
the
boy
just
now.
【答案】
borrowed;
from
。
borrow…from
意为
“
从
……
借来
”
；
而
lend…to
意为
“
向
……
借出
”
，
两个词组正好为一组反义词组，当句子的主语变
化时，两个词组可以进行互换。
2.
The
factory
is
not
far
from
here.
It
only
takes
you
ten
minutes
by
bike.
The
factory
is
_________here.
It’s
only
ten
minutes’_________.
【答案】
near;
bike
-
ride
。
not
far
的意
思是
“
不远，
近
”
，
可用形容词
near
与之转换。
3.
I
think
music
is
less
interesting
than
P.E.
I
_________think
music
is
_________interesting
than
P.E.
【答案】
don’t;
more
。
less
interesting
的意思是
“
没有
/
不及
……
有趣
”
，
与之相反
more
interesting
的意思是
“(
比
)
……<
/p>
更有趣
”
。
<
/p>
语言现象
“
否
定
的转移
”
要求将
think
后面宾语从句中的否定形式转移到
think
上。
4.
The
bike
under
the
tree
is
different
from
this
one.
The
bike
under
the
tree
isn’t
the
_________
_________this
one.
【答案】
same
as
。
the
same
as
意为
“
与
……
相同
”
，而反义词
组
be
different
from
意为
“
与
……
不同
”
。
10
．利用同义词改写
用同义词或同义词组对原句中的某些词或词组进行替换，
注意替换后
的词或词组的词形变化要与句子其他成分相适应。
如：
1.
They
could
see
icebergs
here
and
there.
They
could
see
icebergs
_________.
【答案】<
/p>
everywhere
。
everywh
ere
与
here
and
there
< br>都有
“
到处
”
< br>之意。
2.
Mrs
Green
always
takes
good
care
of
the
children
in
the
school.
Mrs
Green
always
_________
_________
the
children
well
in
the
school.
【答案】
looks
after
。
take
good
care
of
与
look
after…well
都有
“
好好照<
/p>
顾
”
之意。
3.
Lin
Tao
is
good
at
physics.
Lin
Tao_________
_________
in
physics.
【答案】
does
< br>well
。
be
good
at
与
do
well
in
都有
“
在
……(
方面
)
做得好，
擅长于
……”
之意。
4.
I
like
Backstreet
Boys.
But
he
likes
F4
better.
He_________
F4______
___
Backstreet
Boys.
【答案】
prefers,
to
。词组
prefer
A
to
B
意为
“<
/p>
选择
A(
而不选择
B)
；比
起
B
来，更喜欢
A”
。
5.
Mother
is
ill.
Send
for
a
doctor
right
away.
Mother
is
ill.
Send
for
a
doctor
_________
_________.
【答案】
at
once
。
right
away
与
at
once
都有
“
马上
”
之意。
6.
They
enjoyed
themselves
at
the
garden
party.
They
_________
_________
_________
_________
at
the
garden
party.
【答案】
had
a
good
time
。
enjoy
oneself
同
have
a
good
time
< br>都有
“
玩得
很高兴，愉快
”
之意。
【配套练习】
1.
How
can
we
stop
him
from
smoking?
How
can
we
____________
him
____________
smoking?
2.
I
want
to
know
who
is
going
to
take
charge
of
this
project.
I
wander
who
is
going
to
be_________
_________
this
project.
3.
The
old
lady
was
surprised
at
the
great
changes
in
our
city.
The
old
lady
was
________
________
the
great
changes
in
our
city.
4.
Mr.
Wang
took
us
to
visit
the
new
school.
Mr.
Wang
________
us
_________
the
new
school.
5.
Wang
Hai
likes
playing
football.
I
like
playing
football,
too.
________
Wang
Hai
________
I
__________
playing
football.
Wang
Hai
likes
playing
football.
________
_______
I.
_______
_______Wang
Hai
_______
______I
_______
playing
football
6.
Mr.
Gray
didn’t
go
to
Beijing
yesterday.
His
wife
didn’t
go
there,
either
.
_______
Mr.
Gray
_______
his
wife
_______
to
Beijing
yesterday.
Mr.
Gray
didn’t
go
to
Beijing
yesterday.
_______
_______
his
wife.
7.
Jack
managed
to
swim
across
the
river
last
Friday.
Jack
________
in
________
across
the
river
last
Friday.
8.
Writing
the
world
< br>-
famous
works
cost
his
whole
life.
He
_______
his
whole
life
_______
_______
the
world
< br>-
famous
works.
9.
We
are
pleased
that
Tom
told
us
the
truth.
We
are
pleased
________
Tom’s
_________.
10.
It
will
take
Lee
Hua
half
an
hour
to
get
the
answer
to
the
maths
proble
m.
It
will
take
Lee
Hua
half
an
hour
to
_______
_______
the
maths
problem.
11.
I
don’t
know
when
we
will
start.
I
_______
______
______
when
we
will
start.
12.
I
didn’t
catch
the
first
bus
this
morning.
I
_______
_______
_______
catch
the
first
bus
this
morning.
I
_______
_______
catch
the
first
bus
this
morning.
13.
This
classroom
is
as
large
as
ours.
This
classroom
is
_______
_______
________
_______
ours.
14.
We
didn’t
need
chemistry
teachers
last
term.
We
were
_______
_______
_______
of
chemistry
teachers
last
term.
15.
Mary’s
brother
has
stopped
smoking.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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