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原因状语从句的用法
原因状语从句表原因,
以下逐一介绍高考中常见的原因状语从句的引导词:
1.
because
引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之后,
because
表示直接原因,
语气最强,
最适合回答
why
引导的疑问句。例如:
I do it because I like it.
我做这件事是因为我喜欢。
注意:
“not ...
because”
结构中的
not
否定的是
becaus
e
引导的整个从句,
例如:
The
country is not strong because it is
large.
国强不在大。
2.
since
< br>引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之前表示已知的、
显
然的理由
(
通常被翻译
成
“
既然
”)
,
较为正式,
语气比
p>
because
弱。
例如:
Since you are free today, you had
better help
me with my mathematics.
既然今天你休息,
你最好帮我补习数学。
注意:
seeing (that)
,
now (that)
,
considering
(that)
,
in that
p>
这几个词汇与
since
引导
的原因状语从句意思相近,
都表示
“
既然
”
。例如:
Seeing (that) he refused to help
us, there’s
no reason that we should
now help him.
他既然曾经拒绝帮助我们,
我们现在没有理由要来帮
助他。
//
Now (that) you are grown up, you should not rely
on your parents.
既然你长大了,
就
不应该依靠你的父母了。
//
Considering (that) everybody is he
re,
let’s begin our discussion.
既然
大家都到了,
我们就开始讨论吧。
// In that he is
ill, he feels unable to do it.
因为有病,
他觉
得做不了那件事。
3. as
引导原因状语从句时表示附带说明的
“
双方已知的原因
p>
”
,
语气比
p>
since
弱,
较为
正式,
位置较为灵活
(
常放于主句之前
)
p>
。
例如:
As
it is raining, you’d better take a taxi.
既然
在下雨,
你最好乘出租汽车。
// As you are
tired, you had better rest.
既然累了,
你最好休息
一下。
// I went
to bed early, as I was exhausted.
我睡得早,
因为我筋疲力尽了。
4.
for
引导的原因状语从句并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因,
只提供一些辅助性的补
充说明,
p>
for
引导的原因状语从句只能放于主句之后并且必须用逗号将其与
主句隔开。
例如:
He could
not have seen me, for I was not there.
他不可能见过我,
因为我不在那里。
[考题
1
]
____ you’ve got a chance, you might as
well make full use of it. (1999)
A. Now that B.
After C. Although D. As soon as
[答案]
A
[解析]
主句与从句之间存在因果关系,
且
“you’ve got a chance”
表示一个显而易见的
原因,
因此应选用表原因的
now
that
。
[考题
2
]
He found it increasingly difficult to
read, ____ his eyesight was beginning to fail.
(2006
北京
)
A. and B. for
C. but D. or
[答案]
B
[解析]
“his eyesight was beginning to
fail”
是
“he found it
increasingly difficult to
read”
的
原因,
因此本题应选用可以表示原因的连词
for
引导原因状
语从句。
[考题
3
]
A man cannot smile like a child, ____ a
child smiles with his eyes, while a man
smiles with his lips alone.
(2006
湖南
)
A. so B. but C. and D. for
[答案]
D
[解析]
下划线处之后的句子补充说明
“a man cannot
smile like a child”
的原因,
应选
用
for
表原因。
目的状语从句的用法
目的状语从句可以由表示
“
为了,
以便
”
的
so
that(
有时省略
so)
,
in order that
和表示
“
以
免,
以防
”
的
lest
,
for fear
that
,
in case
引导
(lest
,
for fear that
后的目的状语从句一般要
用
“
可以省略的
sho
uld
+动词原形
”
的虚拟语气形式;
in
case
后的目的状语从句多用虚拟语
气,
但也可用陈述语气
)
。例如:
They set out early that they might
arrive in time.
他们早点
动身,
以便及时到达。
// She takes notes
carefully in class so that she may use them when
she
reviews her lessons after class.
她在课堂上认真记笔记,
以便她能在课后很好地复习功课。
// He shouted
at the top of his voice in order that he might be
heard.
他尽力大声叫喊,
以便别人
能听见。
// I will
not make a noise lest I (should) disturb you.
我不出声,
以免打搅你。
// He is
working hard for fear that he (should)
fail.
他认真学习,
以免考不及格。
// Take your umbrella
in case it rains.
带上雨伞,
以防下雨。
如果表示
“
为了,
以便
”
的目的状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同,
可用
in order
to
或
so as
to
取代该目的状语从句,
注意体会以下例句:
He
hurried through his work in order to
catch the train.
他匆匆干完手中的活,
为的是能赶上火车。
// I sent the plans
in order for you to
study them fully
before the meeting.
我寄上这些计划以使你会前充分研究一下。
// The desks
are kept some
distance apart, so as to prevent cheating.
这些书桌都隔着一段距离摆放,
以防作
弊。
// I came so early as to catch the
first train.
我起得早,
以便能赶上头班火车。
[考题
1
]
I’d like to arrive 20 minutes early
____ I can have time for a cup of tea.
(2005
北
京
)
A. as soon as
B. as a result C. in case D. so that
[答案]
D
[解析]
so
that
表示希望实现的目的。
[考题
2
]
Roses need special care ____ they can
live through winter. (2004)
A. because B. so that C.
even if D. as
[答案]
B
[解析]
so that
表示希望实现的目的。
[考题
3
]
Leave your key with a neighbor ____ you
lock yourself out one day.
(2007
北京
)
A. ever since B. even if C.
soon after D. in case
[答案]
D
[解析]
“you
lock
yourself
out
one
day”
是应该避免出现的结果,
下划线处应选用
in
case
,
引导目的状语从句
,
表示
“
以免
……”
。
[考题
4
]
I shall stay in the hotel all day ____
there is news of the missing
child.(2000
上海
春
)
case matter
any case since
[答案]
A
[解析]
题干意为:
我将整天在旅店里呆着,
以防有丢失孩子的消息。
本题应选
in
case
引导目的状语从句表示
“
以防
……”
。
结果状语从句的用法
结果状语从句表示结果,
通常位于主句之后。以下逐一介绍高考中常见的引导结果状
语从句的词:
1. so
that
可以引导目的状语从句,
也可以引导结果状语从句。
例如:
He worried so that he couldn’t
sleep.
他急得睡不着。
(so
that
引导结果状语从句
) //
It was very cold, so that the river
froze.
天气寒冷,
河水都结冰了。
(so
that
引导结果状语从句
)
//
I came to the class early so that I could see the
classmate beside me.
我赶早来上课,
以便早点
看到我旁边的同学。
(so
that
引导目的状语从句
)
2.
表示
“
如此
……
以致
……”
的
“so...
that...”
和
“such...
that...”
均可引导结果状语从句,
其
中的
such
是形容词,
修饰名词;
so
是副词,
修饰形容词或副词,
具体的搭配形式是: