-
.
商英
Unit 11
Trustworthy
可靠的
law-biding
守法的
corrupt
贪污的
A slush fund
行贿基金
a sweetener
贿赂
compensation
补偿
Insider
trading
内幕交易
industrial espionage
工业间谍
disclosure
n.
揭露，被泄露的丑闻
A
whistleblower
告密者
a fraudster
骗子
a
con artist
骗子
A
bribe
贿赂
a bonus
奖金
a commission
提成
Fraud
诈骗
secrecy
保密
integrity
正直的
A
confidentiality agreement
保密协议
a cover up
隐瞒
a white wash
洗白
1.
Our company
does nothing illegal. We are very
law-abiding
.
2.
We
’
ve got
a slush fund
which is used
in countries where it is difficult to do business
without
offering bribes.
3.
Their car
looked so much like our new model, we
suspect
industrial
espionage
.
4.
They fired him because he was
a whistleblower
. He informed
the press that the company was
using
under-age workers in the factory.
5.
He denied
accepting
a bribe
when he
gave the contract to most expensive supplier.
6.
I admire our
chairman. He
’
s a man of his
word and is greatly respected for his
integrity
.
7.
Many
companies
ask
new
employees
to
sign
a
confidentiality
agreement
to
avoid
future
litigation problems.
Controversial
有争议的
corruption
腐败
transparency
透明度
threats
威胁
Regulation
规章制度
peer pressure
同辈压力
companies
in
the
oil
and
mining
sector
have
been
taking
the
issue
of
corporate
responsibility
much
more
seriously
recently.
They
are
worried
about
threats
to
their
reputations
due
to
rumours of
corruption
and bribery.
Gocernment
regulation
and
peer
pressure
from
other
companies
has
resulted
in
more
transparency
in the industry
and less secrecy. The aviation industry has also
received attention.
Senior managers
have been criticised for
controversial
decisions regarding payments to secure
contracts.
Unit
13
Drawing board
计划阶段
prototype
雏形
brainwave
灵机一动
patent
专利证
Concept
观念
discovery
发现
setback
挫折阻碍
R&D
（
research and
development
）
Breakthrough
突破
pioneers
开发者
The
idea
of
a
lone
inventor
who
makes
a
discovery
or has
sudden
clever
idea
or
brainwave
is
maybe
a
little
our
of
date
today.
While
these
types
of
pioneers
do
still
exist,
these
days
companies often have large
R&D
departments - teams of
people who are constantly innovating
and
perfecting
designs.
Perhaps
they
begin
with
a
concept
and
then
build
a
prototype
,
or
;.
.
working model. Sometimes during testing
there is a
setback
when it
becomes clear the design
has a fault.
At this point maybe it is time to start again or
go back to the
drawing
board
. More
work is done and
there is a
breakthrough
- a
solution is found. The product can be retested and
then, hopefully, manufactured. The
company will apply for a
patent
for the design so
that others
cannot copy it and steal
the idea.
Unit
11
缺乏社会责任感的企业无处藏身
食品
行业因导致肥胖而备受指责。手机运营商面临如何保护青少年免遭网络色情侵害的
挑战。
The
food
industry
is
blamed
for
obesity.
Mobile
phone
operators
are
challenged
to
protect
teenagers from
online pornography.
唱片公司因起诉在互联网上分享非法文档的
音乐爱好者而遭受抨击。
Record
companies
are
attacked
when
they
sue
music-
lovers
for
sharing
illegal
files
on
the
internet.
大企业
纷纷被要求解释它们应对越来越多的社会、道德和环境问题的措施。
Big business is being asked to explain
its approach to a growing number of social,
ethical and
environmental concerns.
美国的一家名为
?
企业社会责任（
BSR
）
?
的非盈利性咨
询机构的首席执行官鲍勃
·
邓恩说，
?
企业对于
BSR
所提供的帮助的需求，
现在达到了
BSR
成立九年以来的最高峰。
?
向
BSR
缴纳
< br>年费的会员包括许多世界顶级的跨国公司。
“we’re
facing the
greatest demand for our assistance that we’ve seen
in our nine
-
year history,”
says Bob Dunn, chief
微软、
朗讯和联合技术和奥驰亚于今年都加入了
BS
R
。
作为卡夫食品和烟草巨头菲利浦
·
莫
里斯的母公司，奥驰亚集团一直是压力团体和民事诉讼的重点
对象。
Microsoft, Lucent and
United Technologies have joined BSR this year, as
well as Altria, a more
obvious target
for pressure groups and litigation, as the parent
company of both Kraft Foods and
Philip
Morris.
一些一直成功地躲避了聚光灯的行业现
在也发现自己正成为注意的焦点。社会活动人士
已经开始关注一些计算机和通讯公司在加
工厂里的工作条件。
Industries
that
until
now
had
avoided
the
spotlight
are
finding
attention
is
now
focusing
on
them. Campaigners are
beginning to show interest in working conditions
in factories that make
equipment for
computer and telecommunications companies.
金融行业因为给一些国家有争议的项目提供贷款而感到压力。
六月份，一些银行，包括
花旗银行，巴克莱银行和荷兰银行，纷纷承诺不为有社会和环境
问题的项目提供贷款。
The financial
sector has come under pressure over lending to
controversial projects in some
countries.
In
June,
a
group
of
leading
banks,
including
Citigroup,
Barclays
and
ABN
Amro,
promised to avoid
giving loans for socially or environmentally
questionable projects.
今年，一些石油和矿业集团正受到来
自于投资者、社会活动分子和英国政府组成的联盟
的巨大压力，它们被要求公开其在一些
国家的付款情况，其目的在于打击腐败。
Oil and
mining groups have come under strong pressure this
year from a coalition of investors,
activists and the UK government to make
public their payments to some countries in an
effort to
;.
.
fight corruption.
与此同时，世界上一些
最知名的鞋和服装品牌，包括李维
·
史特劳斯、耐克和锐步等，
已经
通过美国公平劳工协会主动采取措施增加其供应链的透明度。
Some
of
the
world’s
biggest
footwear
and
clothing
brands,
including
Levi
Strauss,
Nike
and
Reebok,
have
meanwhile
taken
voluntary
measures
through
the
US
Fair
Labor
Association
to
increase the transparency of their
supply chain.
他们在互联网上公布了第一批
针对其供应厂商的独立审计报告，
同时还公布了旨在改善低劣
劳
动标准的措施。
They published on
the internet the first independent audits of their
supplier factories, along with
the
steps taken to improve often terrible labour
standards.
企业在其声誉面临现实的或潜在的威胁时通常会采取行动，
卡夫七月份宣布减少其食品中的
脂肪和糖的含量，限制每份食品的大
小，停止在学校进行营销活动。
Companies
usually take action when they face a real or
potential threat to their reputation, as
when Kraft announced in July it would
cut fat and sugar in its food, limit portion sizes
and stop
marketing in schools.
< br>一场针对卡夫食品中的脂肪酸过量的诉讼，在卡夫宣布将解决这个问题后很快就撤诉了。
< br>
A lawsuit against Kraft over fatty
acids was rapidly withdrawn after it said it would
address the
issue.
< br>但是，也有一些公司主动采取这方面的行动，他们意识到这样做能提高其竞争力。据邓恩
< br>说，
寻求竞争优势是俄国、
波兰、
土耳其和南非等国家的一些公司开始热衷于企业社会责任
的一个重要因素。
a few companies are, however,
taking a lead because they believe it will give
them a competitive
edge.
Mr.
Dunn
says
the
search
for
competitive
advantage
is
one
factor
creating
interest
in
corporate responsibility
among companies in countries such as Russia,
Poland, Turkey and South
Africa.
在英国，
发布社会和环境报告的企业数量在过去的两年中大幅飚升，
也折射出这个趋势。
据
英国的两个著名的咨询机
构
SalterBaxter
和
Con
text
于本月发表的一份题为
?
方向
?
的研究报告
称，半数以上的富时
250
指数公司都发布这样的年度报告。
In the UK, the trend is also reflected
in the sharp rise in social and environmental
reporting over
the
past
two
years.
More
than
half
the
FTSE250
companies
now
produce
annual
reports
,
according
to
Directions,
a
study
published
this
month
by
SalterBaxter
and
Context,
two
well-known UK consultancies.
有些行业，包括宾馆业、休闲业以及软件和计算机服务业，依然在遮遮掩掩。然而，随着投
资者的关注、
政府的监管和来自同行的压力形成了要求披露更多信息合力，
这些行业正沦为
数量越来越小的少数派。
Some sectors remain secretive,
including hotels and leisure, and software and
computer services.
But they form a
decreasing minority as investor interest,
regulation and peer pressure combine to
force greater disclosure.
<
/p>
十多年前，当第一份非财务性企业报表发布时，它的重点是环境问题。现在，在富时
250
指数公司中，有
100
家的报告均涉及环保、社会和道德问题。欧洲最大的
50
家公司中的
40
家也发布这样的报告。
When
the
first
nonfinancial
reports
came
out
more
than
a
decade
ago,
they
focused
on
the
environment, social and ethical issues.
Forty of the fifty largest European companies also
produce
reports.
;.
.
然而，
该研究发现，
在美国标准普尔评级中最大的
50
家公司中只有
22
家发布这类报告。
但
是，
仅仅依靠公司自发的行动能取得多大成就？政
府应该承担怎样的角色？消费者能否实现
如意算盘，既对企业提出如此高的要求，又不改
变自身的生活方式？
In
the
US,
however,
only
22
of
the
S&P
top
50
reported,
the
study
found.
But
how
much
can
companies
be
expe4cted
to
achieve
on
their
own?
What
is
the
role
of
government?
Can
consumers
have
it
all,
demanding
such
high
standards
of
companies
while
refusing
to
change
their lifestyle?
Unit 12
宜家帝国的核心螺栓
英格瓦
·
坎普拉德可不是一般的亿万富翁。这位宜家家具帝国的创始人乘坐经济
舱旅行，开
着一辆有十年历史的沃尔沃汽车，
总是下午去买水果
和蔬菜，
因为这时价格往往便宜些。
如
果有人问他生活中有什么奢侈的消费时，他的回答是：
?
我偶尔
喜欢买一件高档衬衫或一条
围巾，吃点瑞典鱼子酱。
?
Ingvar Kamprad is no ordinary
multi-billionaire. The founder of the Ikea
furniture empire travels
economy
class,
drives
a
10-year-old
Volvo
and
buys
his
fruit
and
vegetables
in
the
afternoons,
when prices are
often cheaper. Ask him about the luxuries in his
life and he says:“ From time to
time, I
like to buy a nice shirt and cravat and eat
Swedish caviar.”
坎普拉德先生是战后欧洲
最杰出企业家之一。宜家创建于
1943
，当时仅仅从事邮购业
务，
现如今已经发展成为在全球
31
个
国家经营，员工总数超过
7
万的国际化零售业巨头。
Mr.
Kamprad
is
one
of
Europe’s
greatest
post
-war
entrepreneurs.
What
began
as
a
mail-order
bu8siness in 1943
has grown into an international retailing
phenomenon across 31 countries with
70,000 employees.
宜家的销售额逐年上
涨。
宜家的产品目录是全世界印数最多的印刷品，
每年达到不可
思议的
1.1
亿册。坎普拉德先生也变得异常富有。根据美国《
福布斯》杂志，他的身价达到
134
亿
美元（
87
亿英镑），位列全球第
17
位。
Sales have
risen every single year.
The Ikea
catalogue is the world’s biggest annual print run
an
incredible
110m
copies
a
year.
And
Mr.
Kamprad
has
grown
extraordinarily
rich.
He
is
worth
$$13.4bn and is the
17
th
richest person in the
world, according to Forbes, the US magazine.
宜家之所以取得了令人惊异的成功，首先是因为它那简单得令
人难以置信的经营理念：向
老百姓提供设计精美而又买得起的家具。其次就是坎普拉德本
人，有魅力、谦逊、随和。他
的思想和价值观绝对是宜家哲学的核心。
< br>
The
concept
behind
I
kea’s
amazing
success
is
unbelievably
simple:
make
affordable,
well-designed
furniture
available
to
the
masses.
And
then
there
is
Mr.
Kamprad
himself
charismatic, humble,
private.
It is his ideas and values
that are at the core of Ikea’s
philosophy.
坎普拉德先生因生活极其节俭而闻名
遐迩。
他清洗用过的塑料杯以便再次利用。
前不久，
他
决定不再让那位已经为他理发多年的瑞典理发师继续为他提供服务，
原因是在现居地瑞士他
找到一位理发师，每次只收
< br>14
瑞士法郎（
6
英镑）。
?
这数字合理，
?
他笑着说。
Best known for his
extremely modest lifestyle, he washes plastic cups
to recycle them. He has just
left his
long-standing Swedish barber because he found one
in Switzerland, where he lives, who
charges only SFr14 for a cut. ‘That’s a
reasonable amount,’ he chuckles.
;.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
上一篇：白岩松耶鲁大学演讲稿翻译稿
下一篇：大学英语专科(3)