-
Unit Two
True Love
Section A
Wilde?
s
Love for Hawking
PART I
Background Information
1.
Stephen Hawking
Stephen
William
Hawking
was
born
on
8
January
1942.
He
is
a
British
theoretical
physicist.
Hawking is the Lucasian Professor of
Mathematics at the University of Cambridge, and a
Fellow of
Gonville and Caius College,
Cambridge. He is known for his contributions to
the fields of cosmology
and
quantum
gravity,
especially
in
the
context
of
black
holes,
and
his
popular
works
in
which
he
discusses
his
own
theories
and
cosmology
in
general.
These
include
the
runaway
popular
science
bestseller
A
Brief
History
of
Time
,
which
stayed
on
the
British
Sunday
Times
bestseller
list
for
a
record-
breaking 237 weeks.
His
key
scientific
works
to
date
have
included
providing,
with
Roger
Penrose,
theorems
regarding
singularities in the framework of general
relativity, and the theoretical prediction that
black
holes
should
emit
radiation,
which
is
today
known
as
Hawking
radiation,
or
sometimes
as
Bekenstein-Hawking
radiation.
His
scientific
career
spans
more
than
40
years
and
his
books
and
public appearances have made him an
academic celebrity and world-renowned theoretical
physicist.
He is an Honorary Fellow of
the Royal Society of Arts. Hawking is disabled by
amyotrophic lateral
sclerosis (ALS)
(
肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症
), commonly
known in the United States as Lou
Gehrig
?
s
Disease.
The illness has progressed over the years and he
is now almost completely paralysed.
2.
Black hole
A black hole is a region of
space in which the gravitational field is so
powerful that nothing can
escape
after
having
fallen
past
the
event
horizon.
The
name
comes
from
the
fact
that
even
electromagnetic radiation (e.g. light)
is unable to escape, rendering the interior
invisible. However,
black
holes can be
detected
if
they
interact
with
matter
outside
the event
horizon, for
example
by
drawing in gas from an
orbiting star. The gas spirals inward, heating up
to very high temperatures
and emitting
large amounts of radiation in the process.
While
the
idea
of
an
object
with
gravity
strong
enough
to
prevent
light
from
escaping
was
proposed in the 18th century, black
holes, as presently understood, are described by
Einstein's theory
of
general
relativity,
developed
in
1916. This
theory
predicts
that
when
a
large
enough
amount
of
mass
is
present
within
a
sufficiently
small
region
of
space,
all
paths
through
space
are
warped
inwards towards the
center of the volume, forcing all matter and
radiation to fall inward.
While
general
relativity
describes
a
black
hole
as
a
region
of
empty
space
with
a
pointlike
singularity
at
the
center
and
an
event
horizon
at
the
outer
edge,
the
description
changes
when
the
effects
of quantum mechanics are taken into account.
Research on this subject indicates that, rather
than holding captured matter forever,
black holes may slowly leak a form of thermal
energy called
Hawking
radiation.
However,
the
final,
correct
description
of
black
holes,
requiring
a
theory
of
quantum
gravity, is unknown.
1
3
．
A
Brief History of Time
A Brief History
of Time
is a popular science book
written by Professor Stephen Hawking and
first published in 1988. It rapidly
became a best-seller, and had sold 9 million
copies by 2002. It was
also on the
London
Sunday Times
best-
seller list for a record-breaking 237 weeks.
A Brief History of Time
attempts to explain a range of subjects
in cosmology, including the Big
Bang,
black holes, light cones and superstring theory,
to the nonspecialist reader. Its main goal is to
give an overview of the subject but,
unusual for a popular science book, it also
attempts to explain
some complex
mathematics.
The author notes that an
editor warned him that for every equation in the
book the readership
would be halved,
hence it includes only a single equation: E =
mc?
.
In addition to
Hawking
?
s abstinence from
equations, the book also simplifies matters by
means
of illustrations throughout the
text, depicting complex models and diagrams.
The book is considered by many to be an
“
unread
bestseller
”
which is a book
many people own
but few have finished.
4.
Music to Move the Stars
Music
to
Move
the
Stars
is
a
memoir
published
by
Jane
Hawking
in
1999.
The
book
details
much
background
about
Jane?s
courtship
with
Stephen,
their
marriage,
and
the
probl
ems
in
their
marriage
due
to
the
domestic
friction
that
one
would
expect
when
a
family
member
is
seriously
handicapped. Even
though her Ph.D. was not in science, but Spanish
poetry,
Jane explains modern
cosmology
with
almost
the
same
elegance,
fluidity,
precision
and
accuracy
as
that
of
her
world-
famous
husband.
The
book
provides
much
insight
on
the
age-old
conflicts
between
science
and religion, a
subject that Jane discusses in depth. Jane also
provides much insight into the minds of
the
world?s
leading
sc
ientists,
especially
cosmologists.
It
also
contains
her
own
long-term
relationship with a family friend whom
she later married.
PART II
Language Study
1. A school friend broke the news a
couple of years before, saying that Stephen was
suffering
from ?some terrible,
paralyzing, incurable disease?.
(Para.
1)
A few years before, a school friend
told her the bad news that Stephen was badly ill
with
?
a certain
terrible disease that would make him
lose the ability to move and
couldn
?
t be healed
?
.
2.
This
is
probably
a fair illustration
of what
was
known
then
about
motor
neurone
disease,
long before the worldwide success of
A Brief History of Time
and Stephen?s battle against
the illness combined to raise its
public profile. (Para. 1)
This
is
perhaps
a
sound
description
about
motor
neurone
disease
prior
to
Stephen?
s
worldwide
famous work
A Brief History of Time
and
his struggle against this kind of disease, which
together
increased its public
awareness.
illustration:
n.
1) [C/U] example or a story
which is used to explain the point or make it
clear
（作说明用的）
例证，实例
Let
?
s
take a very simple illustration to have a case
study.
我们来举一个非常简单的例子来做一个案例分析。
These events are a graphic illustration
of the fact that their promises cannot be trusted.
2
这些事件都是生动的实例，说明他们的承诺不能相信。
The teacher cut an apple
into four equal pieces as an illustration of what
1/4 means.
老师把一个苹果切成相等的四块，以此说明什么是四分之一。
2) [C] picture, design or diagram which
is used to decorate or explain parts of the
writing in a
book, etc.
（作说明用的）插图，图案，图表
The kite is
assembled as shown in the illustration.
风筝是按照图示说明组装起来的。
Illustrations
in children
?
s dictionaries
are clear, lively and in full colour.
幼儿词典中的插图清晰、生动，而且是用彩色印刷的。
We
would like to present a simplified illustration to
show the flow of product costs.
我们想用一个简化的图表来表述产品成本流程。
combine:
??
v.
1)
two or more
things exist together
（使）结合；
（
使）联合
Morality and national
pride combine in his public statements.
道德观念和民族自尊心融合在他的公开声明里。
Relief workers
say it
?
s worse than ever as
disease and starvation combine to kill thousands.
救援人员称疾病加上饥饿夺去了数千人的生命，其严重程度前
所未有。
This suits
China
?
s aim of gradual
industrial reform combined with fast economic
growth.
这符合中国的目标，即产业的逐步
改革与经济的迅速增长相结合。
2) do two or more activities at the
same time
兼做，同时做（两件以上的事）
All
the things I longed for were combined in this fair
lady.
我所渴望的东西这个窈窕淑女一身都兼备了。
This film that won the Oscar awards
succeeded in combining education with recreation.
这部获得奥斯卡金像奖的电影成功地把教育同娱乐融合在一起。
It
?
s difficult to
combine family life with a career. But this career
woman manages to find a
balance between them.
要兼顾家庭生活和事业是件不容易
的事。但是这位职业女性却成功地在这两者之间找
到了平衡点。
n.
group of people or
organizations acting together for a particular
purpose
联合（企业）
a newspaper combine
报业联合企业
a production expert from
the tobacco combines
一位来自烟草联合企业的生产能手
profile:
n.
[C]
1)
public
image
of
a
person
or
organization,
and
attention
that
they
get
from
the
public
or
journalists
（人或组织的）形象，姿态
The entire marketing team
is trying to raise the
author
?
s profile.
整个营销队伍正着力提升该作者的形象。
The company
currently enjoys a high profile with its new line
of mobile phones.
该公司目前以其新的手机系列而备受瞩目。
The CEO participated in
this charity activity in order to raise his
company
?
s public profile.
这位首席执行官参加这次慈善活动是为了提升公司的公众形象。
Although this superstar
enjoys abundant fame and wealth, he always
maintains a low profile.
尽管这位超级明星享用着无尽的荣华富贵，但他总是保持低调。
2) description
of a person, group, or organization that contains
all the details that someone needs
（人、团体或组织的）简介，概况
3
We first build up a
detailed profile of our customers and their
requirements.
首先，我们建立起我们的客户及其需求的详细资料。
A
Washington newspaper published comparative
profiles of the candidates
?
wives.
华盛顿的一家报纸刊登了几位候选人夫人的简介，并作了比较。
3.
There is little doubt
that Jane Wilde?s appearance on the scene was a
major turning
-point in
Stephen Hawking?s life.
(Para. 2)
There is no doubt that Jane
Wilde
?
s appearance was a
significant and decisive moment in Stephen
Hawking?s life.
on the scene:
in a place
where something is
happening
出现，到场，在场
By the time I came on the scene, it was
all over.
我来到的时候，一切都结束了。
This great
leader came on the scene just when his country
needed him.
这位伟大的领袖就在国家需要他的时候上台了。
There were many policemen and
journalists on the scene of the accident happening
during the rush
hours.
有很多警察和记者出现在发生于上下班高峰期的事故现场。
turning-
point:
?
n.
[C]
point at which a decisive change occurs
转折点；转机
The Industrial Revolution
was a major historical turning-point.
工业革命是一个重要的历史转折点。
The fall of the Berlin Wall marked a
turning-point in East-West relations.
柏林墙的倒塌标志着东西方关系的一个转折点。
At times, history and fate
meet at a single time in a single place to shape a
turning-point in man
?
s
unending search for freedom.
有时，历史与命运在某时某地汇合，成为人类不断寻求自由这一进程中的一个转折点。
4. It was finding Jane that facilitated
him to break out of his depression and regenerate
some
belief in his life and work.
(Para. 2)
Finding Jane helped him to
get rid of his sadness and renew some belief in
his life and work.
Note
:
this sentence adopts
The Emphatic
Pattern
(It is + who (that)...). It is
worth mentioning here
that when the
part needing emphasizing refers to the time, the
place or the reason, the structure is
“
it is
…
that
…”
instead of
“
it is
…
when
…”,
“
it is
…
where
…”
or
“
it is
…
why
…”
.
It was
only when I reread his poems recently
that
I began to appreciate
their beauty.
It was in Qingdao
that
I saw the sea for the
first time.
It was because of bad
weather
that
the football
match had to be put off.
facilitate:
vt.
make it easier for
something to happen or be done
使
(
事情等
)
变得容易；使便利
Dividing students into
small groups usually helps facilitate discussion.
把学生分成小组通常会使讨论更容易进行。
He argued that the economic recovery
had been facilitated by his tough stance.
他认为他的强硬立场推动了经济的复苏。
Friendly contacts between different
peoples facilitate the cultural and economic
interchange.
各国人民的友好接触促进文化和经济交流。
break out of:
escape from
something such as a situation or way of life
改变，逃脱（某种情形或
生活方式）
He has the strong desire to break out
of the boring routine of normal daily living.
他非常渴望摆脱乏味的日常生活。
4
He got fed up with poverty-
stricken life and was extremely eager to break out
of poverty.
他已厌倦了穷困潦倒的生活，非常渴望摆脱贫穷。
depression:
n.
1) [U]
extreme melancholy, often with a reduction in
vitality and physical symptoms
消沉；忧郁；
沮丧
She
was gradually coming out of her depression.
她正逐渐从抑郁中恢复过来。
A
period of acute depression can sometimes follow
childbirth.
分娩之后可能会有一段时间的急性抑郁期。
Never before, in any mood of
depression, had she given evidence of suicidal
thoughts.
过去她不论心绪如何抑郁寡欢，从未流露出自杀的念头。
After he broke the bad news to her, a
glow had passed away from her, and depression sat
upon
her features.
他告诉她这个坏消息
之后，她脸上的红晕消失了，跟着露出郁闷的样子来。
2)
[C/U] time of great reduction in the activity of a
country
?
s industries or
economy, which causes
a lot of
unemployment and poverty
长期萧条；不景气
The
housing market has gone into depression.
房市陷入了萧条期。
The country is experiencing a severe
economic depression.
该国正在经历严重的经济萧条。
During the depression, millions of the
unemployed wandered around in the streets.
经济萧条时期，有好几百万的失业者在街头游荡。
He never forgot the hardships he
witnessed during the Great Depression of the
1930s.
他永远不会忘记
20
世纪
30
年代经济大萧条时期他所亲眼
目睹的苦难情形。
regenerate:
vt.
cause to begin and
develop again
重新产生
The lottery is expected to regenerate
substantial funds for charities.
这次彩票的发行有望重新为慈善事业筹集到丰厚的资金。
Living cells regenerate new energy from
food.
活细胞重新用食物制造新能量。
This creature?s tail
has the
regenerative power and is capable of regenerating
if it is cut off.
这种动物的尾巴有再生功能，割掉后能再长出来。
In the past several decades, scientists
believed that unlike other cells in the body,
those in the brain
did not regenerate.
在过去几十年里，科学家认为脑细胞不同于身体的其他细胞，不能再生。
5.
It
changed
his
life,
gave
him
something
to
look
forward
to
and
made
him
determined
to
survive. (Para. 2)
It
changed his life, gave him something to expect
eagerly and happily and helped him to make up
his mind to live on.
determined:
a.
having a strong desire to do something, so that
you will not let anyone stop you;
resolute
有决心的
;
意志坚定的
;
坚决的
She used to make a determined effort to
give up smoking, but failed.
她曾下过坚定的决心要戒烟，但是失败了。
He always holds a determined attitude
when facing with challenges and difficulties.
当面对挑战和困难时，他总是抱以坚定的态度。
5
From the beginning the other party was
determined to dominate the most important
negotiations.
从一开始，对方就下定决心要控制最重要的谈判。
6.
Without
the
help
that Jane gave
him,
he would
almost
certainly
not
have been
capable
of
carrying on or had the
will to do so. (Para. 2)
Without
Jane
?
s help, he would surely
not have been able to keep on living or not even
have had the
will to do so.
Note
:
this
sentence
applies
the
sentence
structure:
“
without
+
subjunctive
mood
”
.
Implied
condition
in
subjunctive
mood
can
be
expressed
by
clauses
which
are
introduced
by
the
preposition or prepositional phrases
such as, without
（没有
), but
for
（要不是
), in the absence
of
（如果没有
), were it not
for
（要是没有
), but
that
（假设??不），
etc.
Without air (If there were not air),
there would be no living things.
如果没有空气的话，就不会有生物了。
But for your help (If it hadn?t been
for your help)
,
I couldn?t
have done it.
要是没有你的帮助，我就不可能完成这件事。
I would have finished the work, but I
have been ill. (If I hadn?t been ill, I would have
finished the
work.)
我本来该完成这项工作的，但我生病了。
(
如果我没生
病的话，我就会完成这项工作的。
)
capable:
a.
1)
(of people or things) having enough
ability or power to do something
具有??能力的，适合
于??的
Show me what you are
capable of.
让我看看你有什么本事。
He
?
s quite
capable of lying.
他很会撒谎。
She is
capable of judging works of art.
她有鉴赏艺术品的能力。
The
kitchen is capable of catering for several hundred
people.
这个厨房能给好几百人供应饭菜。
2) (of people) who has skills or
qualities necessary to do a particular thing well
or is able to do
most things well
能胜任的，有能力的，有才能的
He
has proved himself an extremely capable manager.
他已证明自己是一个极其能干的经理。
We need to get a personal assistant
who
?
s capable and efficient.
我们需要一个有能力、有效率的私人助理。
I
?
m going away
next week, so
I?
ll be
leaving everything in your capable hands.
我下周将离开，所以我把一切留给你来处理。
7. Hawking himself has said that what
really made a difference was that he got engaged
to a
woman named Jane Wilde. (Para. 3)
Hawking himself has said that getting
engaged to a woman named Jane Wilde had an
important
impact on his life and
changed his life greatly.
make a difference (to somebody /
something)
1) have an effect (on
somebody / something)(esp. a good impact) or
improve a situation a great
deal
（对某人
/
某事物）有作用或影响
(
尤其指好的影响
)
；状况有极大改善
The sea air
has made a difference to her health.
6
海上的空气改善了她的健康状况。
A
hot bath makes all the difference in the morning.
上午洗个热水澡能让人精神振奋。
I care about his opinion, and what he
has told me may make a difference to my own
position.
我在乎他的观点。他告诉我的一切，可能影响我自己的看法。
I hated the house when I first went to
see it, but the new furniture made all the
difference.
我第一次去看那幢房子时，心里很
不喜欢，可是里面一放新家具，情况就完全不同了。
This
is
an
area
where
I
believe
some
creative
collaboration
and
partnerships
could
make
a
difference.
我认为，这是通过某种创造性合作与伙伴关系可以改观的领域。
2) be important (to somebody /
something); matter
（对某人
/
某事物）重要
It
makes a difference between his leaving or staying.
这关系着他的去留。
I successfully applied for a raise,
which made a tremendous difference to me.
我成功地申请加薪了，这对我来说至关重要。
I suppose what the CEO likes or
doesn
?
t is going to make a
difference to people keeping their
jobs
around here.
我想首席执行官喜欢什么，不喜欢什么，对今后在这儿工作
下去的人来说关系重大。
8. This gave him
something to live for. (Para. 3)
This made him look forward
to the future and continue living.
live
for:
to have something or someone as
the most important thing in your
life
为??而生活
I had
three suggestions: Live Each Day Fully; Live for
Today; or Make Today Count.
我提供了三个可考虑的题
目：
“
充实地过好每一天
”
、
“
为今天而生活
”
、
“
把握今天
”<
/p>
。
You are not
supposed to forget so easily that you are not only
living for yourself but for me and
people who love and care about you.
你不应该这么容易就忘记你不只是为你自己而活着，你必须为我和而关心爱护你的人而活
着。
9.
What is striking about Jane?s account
of their courtship is her readiness to marry
someone
with
such
a
grim
diagnosis,
whose
physical
condition
was
deteriorating
before
her
eyes.
(Para.
4)
What
is
so
impressive
about
Jane?s
description
of
their
relationship
is
her
willingness
to
marry
someone
with such a serious disease, whose physical
condition was getting worse and worse in
front of her eyes.
striking:
a.
impressive;
attracting attention
印象深刻的；突出的；引人注目的
The picture was striking in
its simplicity.
这幅画的引人注目之处在于它的简洁。
What is immediately
striking is how resourceful, steady and mature the
children are.
即刻引起人们注目的是孩子们的机智聪明以及成熟稳重。
At first sight his address
is certainly not striking; and his person can
hardly be called handsome.
乍一看来，他貌不压众，语不惊人。
readiness:
n.
[U]
1) state of being
willing to do something
愿意，乐意
We appreciate his readiness
to help others.
我们很欣赏他乐于助人的品性。
7
He expressed
his readiness to accept the challenge.
他表示愿意接受挑战。
The
company has declared its readiness to fight a
challenge in the courts.
公司宣布愿意对簿公堂。
The
CPC
?
s
readiness
to
run
risks
for
peace
was
bound
to
be
greater
than
that
of
the
Kuomintang.
中国共产党必然比国民党更加愿意为谋求和平而冒风险。
2) state of being ready and able to
deal with what might or will happen
准备就绪
t
he troops?
readiness for battle
部队的临战状态
We prepared a room and meal
in readiness for their arrival.
我们预备了房间和饭菜，就等他们到来。
The President decided to declare his
readiness to trade off our atmospheric series and
research
and development of nuclear
weapons.
总统决定宣布，他随时准备让美国放弃大气层试验和核武器的研发。
grim:
a.
unpleasant, depressing,
and difficult to accept
令人不快的；令人沮丧的
We
were running out of money and things were looking
grim.
我们花完了钱，情况看来不妙。
The occasion was a grim reminder of the
shortcomings of his brother.
这个场合无情地暴露了他弟弟的缺点。
We had barely enough to live on in
those grim Depression years.
在那经济萧条时期的严
酷岁月里，我们的收入只勉强够维持生活。
The
consequences for developing countries would range
from the awkward situation to the grim
one.
对发展中国家将产生的后果是从问题棘手发展为问题严重。
diagnosis:
n.
[C] identification of a
disease from its symptoms
诊断
The two doctors made different
diagnoses of my disease.
两位医生对我的病下了不同的诊断结论。
Experts are analyzing a diagnosis of
heart disease in order to figure out a cure.
专家们正在研究分析一份心脏病的
诊断结果以便找到一种诊治方法。
deteriorate:
vi.
become worse in
condition or quality or become more difficult or
unpleasant
恶
化；变坏
They got into an argument that
deteriorated into a fistfight.
他们开始争论，后来演变成一场斗殴。
Relations between the two countries
have deteriorated since the agreement was signed.
自协议签署以来，两国的关系不断恶化。
After an encouraging start, the
negotiations deteriorate into a lengthy haggling
session.
开局不错，但之后的谈判却陷入没完没了的讨价还价。
10. frank (Para. 4):
a.
honest, sincere and
truthful, even when this might be awkward or make
other
people
uncomfortably
直率的，坦白的，直言不讳的
We
?
ve always
tried to be frank with the kids.
我们一直在尝试对孩子们坦诚相待。
In an unusually frank speech, Glenn
acknowledged the gravity of the economic
situation.
在一次异常坦诚的讲话中，格伦承认经济形势很严峻。
To be frank and open with you, I
don
?
t like this job, but I
have a family to support.
8
坦白地说，我不喜欢这份工作，但是我必须要养家糊口。
11. fulfil (Para. 4):
vt.
1) achieve or
carry out something that was wanted, asked,
promised or expected
完成；
兑现；<
/p>
履
行（诺言）等
He never fulfilled his potential as a
basketball player.
他从来没有充分发挥自己作为一名篮球运动员的潜能。
Will the government fulfill its pledge
to hold free elections?
政府会履行其举行自由选举的诺言吗？
Businessmen shall fulfil the promise
according to the state regulations or the
agreement with
consumers and must not
deliberately resort to delay or refuse to comply
without reasons.
商人应当按照国家规定或者约定履行，不得故意拖
延或者无理拒绝。
2) reach a
particular standard or have the qualities that are
necessary for something
满足
He amply fulfilled the weight of
expectation that his parents had placed on him.
他没有辜负他父母对他所寄予的厚望。
The housing commission chose the site
because it fulfilled a need in the neighborhood.
住房委员会选择了这个场所是因为它满足了社区的需要。
12. marital (Para. 4):
a.
of marriage or marriage
relations
婚姻的；婚姻关系的
Wearing a ring
on your left ring finger can show your marital
status
—
married.
把戒指戴在你的左手无名指上表明你婚姻状况是已婚。
The stress of
the job causes marital problems for many police
officers.
工作中的压力给许多警察带来了婚姻方面的问题。
13. His mother tried to warn her about
the horrifying symptoms to expect, but Jane
declined
the offer of information.
(Para. 4)
His
mother tried to make her aware of the terrible
later stages of the disease, but Jane refused to
listen to this kind of information.
horrifying:
a.
shocking or disgusting
使恐惧的，使惊骇的
The
scale of the problem is horrifying, which is
totally beyond my expectation.
问题之大令人震惊，完全超出了我的预料。
These were horrifying experiences;
therefore he felt reluctant to recall sometimes.
这些都是令人震惊的经历，因此他有时不愿回忆。
symptom:
n.
[C]
1) something
wrong with someone
?
s body or
with the way that it works, that is taken as a
sign of
illness
症状；症候
The tablets
help relieve cold symptoms.
这些药片能帮助减轻感冒症状。
Common symptoms of diabetes are weight
loss and fatigue.
糖尿病的常见症状包括体重下降和疲劳。
He?s been
HIV
-
positive for six years,
but just recently he?s started to develop the
symptoms of
AIDS.
他成为艾滋病毒携带者
已有六年，可最近突然开始呈现出艾滋病的症状。
2) something that happens in a society
and that is taken as a sign of something seriously
wrong
with that
society
征兆；预兆
The
fighting is a symptom of growing insecurity in the
region.
这次争斗是该地区越来越缺乏安全保障的征兆。
9
The disappearance of certain jobs is a
symptom of a deeper socio-economic change.
某些职业的消失是更深层的社会经济变化的一个反映。
decline:
vt.
say
no politely when someone invites you somewhere,
offers you something, or wants you to
do something
谢绝，婉言拒绝、推辞
I
invited her to join us, but she declined.
我邀请她和我们在一起
,
可是她婉言谢绝了。
She
declined to have lunch with her friend, saying
that she wasn
?
t feeling
well.
她说她身体不舒服，婉拒了与朋友共进午餐。
Offered the position of chairman, Smith
declined, preferring to keep his current job.
史密斯比较喜欢他现在的工作，婉言推辞了就任主席一职。
vi.
1) become gradually worse
in quality, get worse, and
deteriorate
逐渐衰退、衰落，恶化
As one grows
older, his / her memory declines.
人的记忆力随着年龄增长而衰退。
Her health has been declining
progressively for several months.
几个月来她的健康每况愈下。
This
ancient
city
with
glorious
history
and
civilization,
over
the
centuries,
had
suffered
a
gradual economic decline.
这座
古老的拥有辉煌的历史和文明的城市在过去几百年中经济上已逐渐衰退。
2) become smaller, weaker and
fewer
变小，变弱，变少
Toy
sales peaked just before Christmas and are now
declining.
玩具销售额在圣诞节前夕达到最高峰
,
现已逐渐下降。
The
factory has laid off workers because the sales
amount declined.
因为销售额减少
,
工厂解雇了一批工人。
This
candidate?s
political
influence declined after she lost the presidential
election.
这位候选人落选后她的政治影响力大为降低。
n.
[C/U] gradual and
continuous loss of strength, power, numbers, etc.<
/p>
（力量、
权力、
数量等的）
消减
a decline in
population / prices / popularity
人口的减少<
/p>
/
价格
/
声望的
降低
The company has gone into
a decline because of falling demand.
由于市场需求下降
,
这家公司的生意每况愈下。
Thanks to the effective measures taken
by the government, the number of robberies in the
area
is on the decline.
多亏了政府采取的有力措施，这一地区的劫案在减少。
Illegal
hunting
is
leading
to
the
decline
of
some
birds,
which
are
facing
the
danger
of
extinction.
非法捕杀导致某些濒临灭绝的鸟类数量减少。
14.
“I replied that I would
prefer not to know the details of the
prognosis,”
she writes,
“because
I loved Stephen so much that
nothing could deter me from wanting to marry
him.
”
(Para.
5)
“I
replied
that
I
would
not
like
to
know
the
details
of
the
forecast
of
the
disease
,”
she
writes,
“because
I loved Stephen so
much that nothing could stop me from wanting to
marry him.
”
prognosis:
n.
[C]
prediction by a doctor of how a particular illness
will develop and how likely it
is that
the patient will be cured
预后（指医生根据症状对疾病的发展以及是否能治愈所作的
10
预测）
The
doctor
?
s prognosis for his
mother was not hopeful.
医生对他妈妈的病情的发展不乐观。
Doctors say his prognosis is good, and
they expect a full recovery.
医生们说对他的病情发展的预测良好，有望痊愈。
deter:
?
vt.
prevent somebody from doing something
by making it difficult for him / her to do
吓
阻；制止
We need severe punishment to deter
people from dealing in drugs.
我们有必要实施严厉的惩罚来制止人们贩毒。
Failure did not deter him from moving
forward and upward.
他并未因失败而畏缩不前。
I
was deterred from emigrating by the thought of
leaving my family.
我舍不得离开家人
,
所以决定不移居国外了。
15.
I would cook and wash and shop and make a home for
him, dismissing all my own previous
ambitions which were now insignificant
by comparison with the challenge before me. (Para.
5)
I
would
cook,
wash,
shop
and
make
a
home
for
him.
I
would
give
up
all
my
own
earlier
aspirations.
Compared with the challenge I am facing now, they
were unimportant.
previous:
a.
coming before in time or
order
（在时间，次序上）前的，先的
This issue was discussed in the
previous chapter.
这个问题在前一章中已经讨论过了。
Training is provided, so no previous
experience is required for the job.
这项工作有培训，因此不需要之前有经验。
The previous owners of the house had
hired an expensive interior decorator.
原先的屋主高薪聘请了一位室内设计师。
ambition:
n.
1) [C] something that
someone wants to do very much, usu. something that
is difficult to achieve
抱负，志向
She seemed set to achieve all her
ambitions.
她
似乎决心要实现所有的抱负。
H
is ambition is
always to become a successful writer.
他的志向一直是想做个成功的作家。
Swallow and
sparrow cannot understand the ambition of swan.
燕雀安知鸿鹄之志。
My family are more important to me than
politics and personal ambition.
我的家庭对我来说比政治和个人抱负更为重要。
2) [U] strong desire to become
successful, rich, famous, etc.
雄心；野心
H
is ruin was that the
ambition had laid hold of him.
他之所以毁灭，是由于野心迷住了他的心窍。
Knowledge of inequality has stimulated
envy, ambition and greed.
对不平等的了解激起了妒嫉、野心和贪婪。
The vain
ambition and arrogance of my youth has become a
fate upon me in old age.
我青春时代的狂想野心和傲慢自
大，已成了我暮年不能摆脱的命运。
insignificant:
not large or
important enough to be worth considering
不重要的；无意义的；无
11
足轻重的
I felt very insignificant in the
company of such renowned experts.
我觉得自己在这家拥有这么多著名专家的公司里显得无足轻重。
Last year
?
s
spending is insignificant when compared with the
proposed building renovations.
去年的开支与提议的房屋翻新费用相比不值一提。
comparison:
n.
[C/U] process of
considering how things or people are different and
how they are
similar
比较；对照
That?s a good dictionary, but it
doesn?t bear comparison with this one.
那是本好词典
,
但比不上这本。
I thought
I was badly treated but my experiences pale in
comparison with yours.
我以为我
被虐待了，可是我的经历与你的比起来，真是小巫见大巫。
We have made a systematic
comparison of the techniques used by the different
players.
我们对不同运动员运用的技巧作了系统的比较。
by
comparison
(with):
used
for
talking
about
the
ways
in
which
two
things
are
different
（与??）比较而言
Their lives were exciting
and glamorous; ours seemed dull by comparison.
他们的生活刺激精彩；比较而言，我们的就显得沉闷了。
By comparison
with the lively teenagers, the adults were a
joyless lot and more depressed.
和活泼的年轻人比起来，成年人一点也不快乐，情绪更低落。
16. It is hard to avoid the conclusion
that Jane, who had not yet graduated from college,
did not
know what she was taking on.
(Para. 5)
We
can easily draw a conclusion that Jane who had not
yet graduated from college had no idea
what she was undertaking.
Note
:
this
sentence
applies
the
sentence
structure:
“
It
is
+adj.+to
do
sth.
”
Normally,
these
adjectives
here
in
this
sentence
structure
are:
easy,
fit,
difficult,
hard,
awkward,
convenient,
impossible,
pleasant,
tough,
unpleasant
,
etc.
This
sentence
structure
needs
an
infinitive
as
its
complement, and the
infinitive takes active voice. Examples:
Every one has different taste. So it is
very difficult to please everyone.
每个人的口味不同，所以很难让每个人都高兴。
It was tough to
pull through the toughest time back then, but it
taught us to appreciate what we
have
today even more.
过去最艰难的时期很难熬，但它却教育了我们更加珍惜今天所拥有的。
take on:
1) accept some
work or responsibility, undertake something
接受；承担
Don?t take
on more than you can cope with.
要量力而行。
I
?
ve taken on the
organization of this outing.
我负责这次郊游的组织工作。
If you agree to
take on this project, it will mean a lot of extra
work.
你如果同意承接这项工程，这将意味着大量的超额工作。
The
doctor
says
I?
m
too
tired
and
has
advised
me
not
to
take
on
any
more
work
at
the
moment.
医生说我太疲劳了，并劝我目前不要承担更多的工作。
2) develop a
particular character or appearance
呈现
12
When we mentioned his son,
his face took on a worried expression.
我们提起他儿子时，他脸上流露出忧郁的神情。
Our website is taking on a brand-new
look.
我们的网站正呈现出一幅崭新的面貌。
His
voice took on a deeper tone as he began the
prayer.
当他开始祈祷时，他的嗓音更加深沉。
After the reform and opening-up, China
took on a prosperous look.
改革开放后，中国呈现出欣欣向荣的景象。
As a result, DIY work
doesn?
t have to look crude, and it can
take on just about any style.
DIY
的作品因此看起来就不再粗劣
,
它们可以呈现任何风格。
3
）
(
infml.<
/p>
) become fashionable or popular
流行
;
时髦
;
受欢迎
The
idea never really took on.
这一观念一向不太得人心。
The
kind of lifestyle did not take on anymore.
这种生活方式已经落伍了。
17.
Although Stephen defied the coming up death
sentence passed upon him, and is still alive
today, the details of his physical
decline are relentless. (Para. 5)
Even
though Stephen challenged the upcoming death
sentence given to him, he is still alive, the
worsening of his health never
stops.
defy:
vt.
refuse to obey something
or do not behave in the expected way
公然违抗
The
commander defied a direct order to surrender.
指挥官不服从直接的投降命令。
They are wrong to defy the order of the
Court.
他们违抗法院的指令是不对的。
If we had defied him on this question
it would have cost us our jobs.
我们要是在这个问题上反抗了他，我们早就失业了。
pass upon:
announce a
judgment, sentence, judge, identify
宣布
(
判决等
)
，判断
，鉴定，
The court finally
passed sentence upon an offender.
法庭最终宣布对罪犯判决。
His
optimism helped him bravely face the cancer passed
upon by the doctor.
他的乐观精神帮助他勇敢地面对已被医生确诊的癌症。
relentless:
a.
(something bad) never stopping or
improving , oppressively constant
（不好的事
情）不间断的，无休止的
He seems to be under relentless
pressure at work.
他好像是在持续的压力下工作。
He
strived hard to put up with relentless criticism
from his boss so as not to be sacked.
为了免被炒鱿鱼，他竭力容忍上司无休止的批评。
18.
Jane?s
determination
to
care
for
him,
and
to
create
an
environ
ment
in
which
he
could
continue
his
groundbreaking
work
on
black
holes,
takes
up
many
more
pages
than
her
account
of their eventual separation.
(Para. 6)
The description of
Jane
?
s firm willpower to
take care of him and to create a circumstance
where
he could continue his pioneering
work on black holes occupies many more pages (in
the book)
than her description of their
ultimate parting.
determination:
?
n.
[U] quality that
makes you continue trying to do something even
when this is
13
difficult
决心；果断；坚定
He has
overcome difficulties with courage and
determination.
他的勇敢和决心帮他克服了困难。
The president underlined his
determination to pursue the rebels.
总统强调了他追捕叛乱分子的决心。
They had survived by sheer
determination.
他们全凭坚强的决心幸存下来。
groundbreaking:
?
a.
using new methods or
achieving new
results
开创性的；开辟新天地的
a groundbreaking study of plant
diversity
关于植物多样性的开创性研究
a groundbreaking report / style
< br>具有开创性的报告
/
创新风格
This
is
a
groundbreaking
work
that
will
prove
beneficial
to
students,
teachers
and
professional
linguists.
这是一部具有开创性的著作，对学生、教师和语言学专家们都将
是大有裨益的。
take up:
1) fill or occupy (the specified space
or time)
填满
,
占据（某空间或时间）
These
files take up a lot of disk space.
这些文件占去了很多的磁盘空间。
Her time is fully taken up with
writing, which is not only her job but also one of
her hobbies.
她的时间都用于写作了。写作不
仅是她的工作，也是她的一个爱好。
This desk
takes up most of my office. Could you please do me
a favor by changing a smaller
one?
这张桌子太占我办公室的地方。你能否帮我换一个小点的？
2) continue to discuss or
deal with an idea, problem, or suggestion
继续（谈论或处理某事）
She
took up the narrative where John had left off.
她接着讲约翰未讲完的故事。
She fell silent, and her brother took
up the story.
她陷入沉默，她哥哥接着讲了下去。
Most high school graduates have to take
up jobs although many of them have a strong desire
for further study.
< br>大部分中学毕业生将走上工作岗位，尽管其中很多人都非常渴望能够继续学习。
eventual:
a.
happening
at
the
end
of
a
long
period
of
time
or
after
a
lot
of other
things
have
happened
最终发生的；结果的
the eventual winner of the tournament
锦标赛的最终胜利者
It is
impossible to predict what the eventual outcome of
global warming will be.
无法预测全球变暖的最终结果。
Due
to
frequent
accidents
and
unqualified
education,
the
village
school
may
face
eventual
closure.
由于事故频出以及不合格的教育水平，这所乡村学校最终可能
面临被关闭。
separation:
?
n.
1) [C] legal arrangement by which a
couple remain married but live apart
（法庭判
定的）夫妻分居（婚姻关系仍保持但分别居住）
The effects on children of separation
and divorce are tremendous.
分居和离婚对孩子的影响是巨大的。
Friends managed to reconcile him with
his wife after years of separation.
14
经过多年分居后朋友们设法使他与妻子重修旧好。
They decided on a trial separation. If
their
marriage really
couldn
?
t work any more,
divorce
was at the option of both
husband and wife.
他们决定尝试分居。如果他们的婚姻无法维持下
去，夫妻双方都同意离婚。
2) [U]
separating or being separated
分离；分开；隔开
the
separation of infectious patients from other
patients
传染病人与其他病人之隔离
Separation from his friends
made him sad.
离开了朋友，他十分难过。
The
separation of a known infected individual who
suffers from
H
1
N
1
flue from healthy ones
would continue
until the danger of transmission passes.
把受到
H
1
N
1
型流感传染的病人同正常人分隔开，直至病人不再具有传染性为止。
19. I
f Stephen?s
struggle to keep his mind clear is heroic, so is
her determination to balance his
escalating needs and those of their
three children. (Para. 6)
If
Stephen?s
struggle to keep
his mind clear is brave, her strong will to
satisfy his growing needs
and those of
their three children is also very courageous.
heroic:
?
a.
of, fit for, or like a hero; very brave
英雄的；神勇的，英勇的
These
doctors perform heroic work in difficult
conditions.
这些医生在困难的条件下勇敢地工作着。
A heroic display by the goalkeeper
saved the home side from disaster.
守门员的神勇表现将主队从灾难中拯救出来。
escalate:
v.
increase, enlarge, or intensify, esp.
at a fast rate that causes problems
（
使）
逐步增强、
扩大、升级
< br>
The cost of living is escalating in
the country.
这个国家的生活费用在上涨。
The Government is deliberately
escalating the war for political reasons.
政府出于政治目的蓄意使战争逐步升级。
The escalating rate of inflation will
almost certainly bring escalating prices.
通货膨胀的不断上升几乎必然会导致价格上升。
20. Jane emerges as decent and honest,
even if her prose sometimes resembles the
summaries of
family news that fall out
of cards at Christmas. (Para. 6)
Even
though sometimes her prose seems plain and
unattractive just like the summaries of family
news that fall out of cards at
Christmas, Jane shows up in public in a well-
mannered and honest
way.
decent:
a.
1)
conforming with standards of decency
正派的；端庄的
A
decent caring man is very appealing to single
women.
待人宽厚、关心他人的男人很受单身女性的青睐。
It is decent of David to offer to pay
and treat us, even though we offer to go Dutch.
戴维真好，尽管我们提出
AA
制，他仍主动
提出要付钱请客。
2) proper;
acceptable, good enough
过得去的；合意的；尚可的
The hospital has no decent equipment.
这家医院没有像样的设备。
You
can
?
t have good acting
without a decent script.
没有像样的剧本是不可能有好的表演的。
15
After such rudeness, the chairman
should do the decent thing and apologize publicly.
在如此粗鲁的举动之后，主席应当做该做的事，公开道歉。
resmeble:
vt.
be like or similar to (another person
or thing)
与（他人或他物）相似；像
A small object resembling a
pin is applied in this invention.
像大头针的一个小物件被运用到这个发明里。
He resembles his brother in
looks, so it is hard to distinguish one from the
other.
他和他弟弟长得很像，所以很难把他俩区分开来。
21. Hers is the story of a marriage
based on a pairing of male ego and female
submissiveness, the
worldly expressions
of which she finds disturbing. (Para. 7)
Her
marriage
is
described
as
the
pairing
of
male
pride
and
female
obedience,
and
this
kind
of
inaccurate shallow expression upsets
her.
ego:
n.
[C]
self; part of the mind that reacts to reality and
has a sense of individuality
自我
Skinner has a
big ego and always feels superior to others.
斯金纳很自高自大，总觉得自己比别人优越。
I am glad that she got the job, which
can boost her ego and
superiority complex.
我很高兴她得到了那份工作，这能增强她的自信心和优越感。
submissiveness:
n.
[U] trait of being
willing to yield to the will of another person or
a superior
force etc.
服从，顺从
Her mother
is a woman with submissiveness.
她母亲是个顺从的女人。
The
stereotype that submissiveness is the typical
feature of Chinese women is false.
认为逆来顺受是中国妇女特质的模式化观念是错误的。
worldly:
a.
1) relating to the
practical rather than the spiritual aspects of
life
世俗的；尘世的
They were ambitious for
worldly power and possessions.
他们有追逐世俗权势和财富的野心。
Members of the church tried
to isolate themselves from worldly influences.
教会成员试图把自己和世俗的影响隔离开来。
2) (of person) having a lot of
experience and knowledge of life
老于世故的；善于处世的
Marilyn is a worldly New Yorker in her
60s.
玛丽莲是个
60
多岁、见多识广的纽约人。
Teenagers today are much worldlier than
I ever was.
当今的青少年比我那时候世故得多。
He combined curious qualities of
naivety with incisive wit and worldly
sophistication.
他集天真质朴的好奇、锐利的机智和老练的世故于一体。
22. relegate
(Para. 7):
vt.
consign or dismiss to an inferior
position
把??降级，把??置于次要
地位
I was relegated to the
kids
?
table for
Thanksgiving.
我被降格安排到孩子们的桌子吃感恩节大餐。
I
used
to
be
the
chairperson
?
s
right
arm,
but
now
I
am
relegated
to
the
role
of
an
ordinary
assistant.
我曾是主席的得力助手，但现在我已经降到普通助手的位置了。
23.
This
is
an
early
cause
of
dissent
in
the
Hawking
household,
making
Jane
feel
she
has
become
“
little
more
than
a
drudge,
effectively reduced
to
that role which
in Cambridge
16
acad
emic circles epitomized
a woman?s place”
. (Para. 7)
This
is
an
early
cause
of
argument
in
the
Hawking
family.
It
makes
Jane
feel
her
role
in
the
family has become merely a har laborer,
the role that is well expected of women in
Cambridge
academic circles.
dissent:
n.
[U] difference, esp. from
the established or official opinion
异议<
/p>
（尤指对已确认的观点或官
方观点）
He banned political parties and crushed
dissent.
他取缔政党，压制不同意见。
The arrests are part of a government
effort to suppress political dissent.
逮捕一些人是政府消除政治分歧的一种手段。
When the time came to approve the
proposal, there were one or two voices of dissent.
到了要批准这项建议的时候，出现了一两声异议。
vi.
express
strong
disagreement,
esp.
with
what
people
in
authority
think
or
with
what
most
people think
不同意，强烈反对（尤指权威观点或多数人的想法）
He dares to dissent from the
authority
?
s view.
他敢于质疑权威的观点。
Anyone wishing to dissent from the
motion should now raise their hand.
任何人想表示对动议有异议的，现在请举手。
Four of the
panel
?
s members dissented
from the majority
?
s opinion.
四名委员对大多数人的观点持有异议。
little more than:
no more than, nothing more than
只不过；不过是??而已
Aid
to the Third World is at present little more than
a drop in the ocean.
目前对第三世界的援助不过是杯水车薪。
His all worldly possessions amounted to
little more than the clothes he stood up in.
他在人世间的全部财产，除了身上所穿的外，别无他物。
effectively:
?
ad.
used to describe what you see as the
real facts of the situation,
in fact
实际上，
事
实上
This means that
effectively we have no chance of finishing on
time.
这意味着我们实际上没有可能准时完成。
He is leader in name only: his deputy
has effectively taken over.
他不过是个名义上的领导
,
他的副手实际上已取而代之。
epitomize:
vt.
make or be a perfect example of (a quality etc.)
成为??的代表，
作为??的
典型
Singapore
?
s
Changi airport epitomizes the
state
?
s efficiency.
新加坡的樟宜机场是该国效率的典型范例。
With little equipment and unsuitable
footwear, she epitomizes the inexperienced and
unprepared
mountain walker.
她所带的必需品很少，穿的鞋也不合适，正是没有经验又准备
不足的山区步行者的典型。
24.
Cruelly,
her
husband?s
fame
and
his
dise
ase
seem
to
progress
in
tandem;
his
body
ever
more wasted as his
celebrity increases. (Para. 8)
Harshly,
it
seems
that
her
husband?s
reputation
and his
disease
develop
at
the
same
time.
His
body becomes much thinner and weaker as
his fame increases.
fame:
?
n.
[U] (condition of) being
known or talked about by many people
名声；声望；名誉
17
He rose to
fame in the British cinema of the early sixties. <
/p>
他在
60
年代初的英国电影界一举成名。
Jack has always been a
lucky dog. Fame and fortune have come easily to
him.
杰克总是很走运，轻而易举地名利双收。
in tandem:
1) with something
or at the same time as something happens
同时地；协力地
The two
systems are designed to work in tandem.
这两套系统是为同步工作而设计的。
He and his wife run the business in
tandem.
他和妻子共同经营这生意。
Scientists from these two universities
are working in tandem on this project.
这两所大学的科学家正在合作开展这个项目。
As the times progress and society
advances, the Tibetan language develops in tandem,
with its
vocabulary and grammar
continuously enriching.
随着时代的进步和社会的发展，藏
语文的词汇和语法得到不断充实、丰富和发展。
2) one
behind another
一前一后地
;
排成纵列
The two bicycle riders are riding in
tandem, dashing to the finish line in the Tour de
France.
两名自行车手正一前一后地骑车向环法自行车赛的终点线冲刺。
Horses harnessed in tandem are ready to
pull the cart.
前后串套着的马已备好了准备拉车。
wasted:
a.
looking extremely thin
and weak, esp. because they are ill
（尤指因生病而）
十分瘦弱的
Disease made his body wasted.
疾病使他身体衰弱。
His
body is ever more wasted than it used to.
他的身体比以前虚弱多了。
Underneath the hospital blankets I
could see the outline of her poor wasted body.
在病床毯子下，我看得出她那可怜的被病魔耗空的躯壳轮廓。
celebrity:
n.
1)
[U] fame, state of being
famous
名声；名望
Unlike many actors, he never enjoyed
his celebrity.
和许多演员不同的是，他从不喜欢出名。
He enjoys lots of celebrity as a
superstar.
他作为一名超级明星很有名望。
Joanna has finally made it to the first
rank of celebrity after 25 years as an actress.
当了
25
年的演员后，乔安娜终于跻身一流
明星之列。
2) [C] someone who is famous, esp. in
the entertainment business
名人，名流
The hotel
is well-known for its celebrity guests.
这家饭店因有明星入住而闻名遐迩。
In 1944, at the age of 30, Hersey
became a celebrity overnight.
1944
年，
30
岁的赫西一夜成名。
25.
transform from…
i
nto
…
(Para.8):
completely change the appearance or
character of somebody
/ something
完全改变某事物
/
某人的外观或特性
18
She used to be terribly
shy, but a year abroad has completely transformed
her into a talkative and
extroverted
girl.
她过去十分腼腆
,
但在国外呆了一年以后完全变成了一个健谈的、外向的女孩。
The teacher is using
transparencies to illustrate the process by which
caterpillars are transformed
into
butterflies.
老师正在用幻灯片来演示毛虫变为蝴蝶的过程。
26. maternal
(Para. 8):
a.
relating to a mother or to being a mother;
motherly
母亲的；母亲般的
Her
feelings towards him were almost maternal.
她对他的感情是近乎母亲般的。
Maternal smoking can damage the unborn
child.
母亲吸烟可能会对尚未出生的婴儿造成不良影响。
She felt that he had escaped her, and
was in the maternal nest no more.
她觉得他与她越来越疏远，不再靠在母亲的怀抱中了。
27. That
this
development
might
be fatal
to
the
marriage
is
obvious, although Jane hopes
in
vain for a new kind of
relationship, based on intellectual companionship.
(Para. 8)
It
is
clear
that
this
development
can
be
disastrous
to
the
marriage,
even
though
Jane
hopes
uselessly for a new
kind of relationship that is focused on academic
company.
fatal:
a.
1)
with very serious negative effects on something
毁灭性的；灾难性的
This loss could
prove fatal to their championship hopes.
这次失败可能会毁了他们夺冠的希望。
We all counted
on him to lead us to win this game, but his
illness was fatal to our plans.
我们都指望他带领我们赢得这场比赛，但是他生病后我们的计
划就落空了。
2) causing someone to
die or ending in death
致命的
That desperate criminal gave a police
sergeant the fatal stabbing.
那个穷凶极恶的罪犯刺了一名警官致命一刀。
A
hospital spokesman said she had suffered a fatal
heart attack.
医院发言人说她死于心脏病发作。
vain:
a.
1)
useless, fruitless,
futile
无效的，无结果的，徒劳的
He made funny
faces in a vain attempt to cheer her up.
他做鬼脸想让她高兴，但却徒劳无功。
The drafting committee worked through
the night in a vain effort to finish the
constitution on
schedule.
起草委员会为按计划完成宪法而通宵未眠，但结果是白费力气。
2) having too high an opinion of
one
?
s looks, abilities, etc;
conceited
自负的；爱虚荣的
She played a role as a vain
and vulgar woman in the film.
她在这部电影里扮演了一个爱慕虚荣庸俗的女人。
I think he is shallow, vain
and untrustworthy.
我认为他浅薄、虚荣、不可信任。
in vain:
without success in
spite of efforts
没有成功，徒劳
We walked a couple of blocks, looking
in vain for a cab.
我们走了两三个街区寻找出租车，但没找到。
Workers tried in vain to keep the
building from collapsing.
19
工人们努力不让该建筑物倒塌，但没有成功。
intellectual:
n.
[C] someone who is well educated and
interested in art, science, literature, etc. at an
advanced
level
知识分子
Intellectuals launched a united
movement against the government.
知识分子发动了抵制政府的联合运动。
Former Soviet intellectuals helped
change the political climate of the country.
前苏联的知识分子促进了该国家政治气候的改变。
a.
1) well educated and
interested in art, science, literature, etc. at an
advanced level
才华横溢
的；才智超群的
They were very intellectual
and witty.
他们聪明而机智诙谐。
This think tank is made up of several
intellectual elites.
这个智囊团由一些知识分子精英组成。
2) of or appealing to the intellect
智力的；使用智力的
It is
of great significance to attach importance to the
intellectual development of children.
重视孩童的智力发展非常重要。
It
is not just a comedy but an intellectual film.
这不仅仅是一部喜剧，而且还是一部发人深思的电影。
companionship:
?
n.
[U] relationship you have with a good
friend who spends a lot of time with
you
伴侣关系，同伴关系
I had to change car and lost the
companionship of a well-informed newspaper man.
我不得不换车，这样就不能再与那位消息灵通的新闻记者结伴同行了。
Mrs. Greene keeps dogs for
companionship and security.
格林太太养狗是为了有伴和安全。
28.
This unusual arrangement
is disrupted not by Jane?s decision to leave
Stephen for her lover,
which she
insists was never her intention, but her husband?s
eventual abandonment of her
for one of
his nurses. (Para. 8)
The odd
arrangement did not come to an end because of
Jane
?
s leaving her husband
for her lover
but because of her
husband
?
s leaving her for
one of his nurses. And Jane insists that she
didn
?
t
mean to
leave Stephen for her lover.
disrupt:
vt.
1) interrupt the continuity
of
使中断
The strike
is expected to delay and disrupt flights from
Britain.
预计罢工会延误和中断来自英国的航班。
Bus services
will be disrupted tomorrow because of the bridge
closure.
明日公共汽车将因大桥停止通行而受影响。
2) make it
difficult for something to continue in the normal
way
使混乱
An
accident has disrupted railway services into and
out of the city.
一场事故使得进出城市的铁路交通陷入混乱。
A crowd of anti-war demonstrators
succeeded in disrupting the meeting.
一群反战示威者们成功地扰乱了会场。
20
29. What is suggestive, however, is her
overwhelming need to believe in
something
—
either
God, whose existence
is denied by Stephen, or that form of authority
represented by her
genius husband.
(Para. 9)
However, what is indicated is
her strong need for belief. The belief is either
God whose existence
is refused by
Stephen, or the type of authority that is
represented by her smart husband.
suggestive:
a.
putting particular ideas
or associations into
somebody
?
s mind
暗示的；引起联想
的
The sounds were suggestive of whales
calling to each other.
这些声音使人联想起鲸的互相呼唤。
In the middle of the picture is a shape
suggestive of a flying bird.
图片的中间是一个能令人联想到一个飞翔的鸟的图形。
overwhelming:
?
a.
1) (of emotion)
very strong, often so strong that someone cannot
think or behave normally
（感
情）强烈的，无法抗拒的
an
overwhelming victory
极大的胜利
I
had the overwhelming desire to get up and leave.
我极想起身离开。
She had an
overwhelming urge to play computer games.
她有一种难以克制的冲动去打电脑游戏。
The
task
won
?
t
feel
so
overwhelming
if
you
break
it
down
into
small,
easy-to-accomplish
steps.
如果将这个任务细分为简单易行的
若干步骤来做，便不会感到如此困难。
2) much
larger, stronger, more important, etc. than
anything else in a situation
压倒性的
An
overwhelming majority of the members are women.
成员中的绝大多数是女性。
An overwhelming majority voted against
his proposal, which was a big blow to him.
压倒多数的人投票反对他的提案，这对他来说是个沉重打击。
The overwhelming majority of small
businesses go broke within the first twenty-four
months.
绝大多数小企业在头
24
个月内就破产了。
genius:
n.
1) [C] person with
exceptional intellectual or creative power or
other natural ability or
tendency
天才
Bach
?
s Magnificat
is clearly the work of a genius.
巴赫的《圣母颂》显然是天才之作。
You don
?
t have to
be a genius to see that they are in love!
傻子也能看出来他们相爱了！
Genius is one
percent inspiration and 99 percent perspiration. <
/p>
天才是
1%
的灵感，
99%
的汗水。
2) [U]
exceptional intellectual or creative power or
other natural ability or tendency
天赋；创造
能力
Kimble has a genius for motivating his
employees to work hard and make contribution to
the
company.
金布尔有激发员工努力工作，为公司做贡献的天赋。
She is born with special sort of
genius; her teachers recognized it early on.
21
她与众不同的天赋与生俱来；她的老师很早就发现了。
30. no longer (Para. 9):
not
any more
不再
Full-
length coats are no longer the vogue.
长外套不再流行了。
His parents no longer have any real
influence over him.
他的父母对他不再有任何真正的约束力了。
He will no longer touch the secret
anguish in his heart.
他再也不想碰这内心的隐痛了。
The General no longer confided in him
as he used to, and no longer lectured him.
将军再也不像以前那样把他当作心腹了，不再给他讲大道理了。
31. faith (Para. 10):
?
n.
[U]
1) belief and
trust in God
（尤指宗教）信仰；信念
He
?
s a man of
deep religious faith. To him, God is everything.
他是个虔诚的宗教信徒。对他来说，上帝就是一切。
Her faith in
God is unshakable. Whenever she encounters
difficulties, she turns to God for help
through prayers.
她对上帝的信仰是无法动摇的。她无论何时遇到困难，她总是
借助祷告向上帝求助。
2) strong feeling
of trust or confidence in someone or something
信任；信心
The public has quite simply
lost faith in the political process.
公众对政治进程已完全失去信心。
Seeing how
people worked together after the hurricane has
restored my faith in human nature.
看到人们在飓风之后的齐心协力让我恢复了对人性的信心。
32. namely (Para.
10):
?
ad.
that is
to say; in other words
即；也就是说
Some groups,
namely students and pensioners, will benefit from
the newly-enacted law.
有些群体，即学生和领退休金的人，将从新制定的法律中受益。
One
group of people seems to be forgotten, namely the
poor.
有一类人也就是那些穷人，似乎被遗忘了。
33.
“I would not have been
able to marry Stephen in the first place because I
wouldn?t have
had the optimism to carry
me through and I wouldn?t have been able to carry
on with it.”
(Para. 10)
“
I
would not have been able to marry Stephen at the
very beginning because
I wouldn?t have
had
the power to go through
this difficult and unpleasant situation, and
I wouldn?t have been able to
maintain our marriage,
either.
”
in the
first place
:
1)
before now, in
the beginning,
earlier
起初，从一开始，早些时候
I should never have believed your words
in the first place. And now I only have myself to
blame.
我当初本不应该相信你的话。到如今我只能怪我自己。
Why
didn
?
t you tell me the truth
in the first place?
为什么你起初不告诉我真相呢？
2)
To begin with, firstly (used when making points in
an argument)
（用于列举理由时）首先，
第一点
22
In the first place, more and more
children are addicted to foreign snacks, which
contain too
much fat. The second place,
they hardly ever take part in physical exercises.
So there are many
overweighted children
in present society.
首先，越来越多的小孩嗜好国外脂肪含量很
高的零食。其次，他们很少运动。因此，现
代社会里存在很多超重小孩。
In the first place, I would like
to quote an old saying to support my argument.
首先，我想引用一句古话来支持我的论点。
optimism:
n.
[U] inclination to
hopefulness and confidence
乐观
We had better
have a mood of cautious optimism when dealing with
this kind of hot potato.
当处理这种棘手问题时，我们最好具备谨慎乐观的心态。
Chinese Prime Minister has expressed
optimism about China
?
s
future relations with the US.
中国总理对未来中美关系表示乐观。
carry
sb.
through:
make
it
possible
for
someone
to
deal
successfully
with
trouble
or
a
difficult and unpleasant situation
帮助某人度过难关
(
或麻烦
)
等
His courage
will carry him through the difficulties.
他的勇气将帮他度过困难。
In
the end, it was her passionate belief in justice
that carried her through.
最后是她对公正的热忱信念帮助她度过难关。
34.
When
Jane
reflects
on
her
life
since
the
separation
and
divorce,
she
sounds
a
little
directionless in spite of her own happy
second marriage. (Para. 11)
When
Jane
looks
at
her
life
since
the
departing
and
divorce,
she
seems
to
be
a
little
lost
regardless of her own happy second
marriage.
35.
be
willing
to
(Para.
11):
be
ready
to
do
something;
do
something
gladly
and
without
being
forced
主动地；乐意去做某事；心甘情愿做某事
He was willing to lay down his life for
his country.
他愿意为祖国牺牲他的生命。
I am willing to accept every item on
the list.
我愿意接受单子上所有的条款。
Considering our long relations, we are
willing to waive the claim.
考虑到我们多年的关系，我们自愿放弃索赔。
As the job market is very tight this
year, he will be willing to settle less.
因为今年的就业市场不景气，所以他甘愿接受低于期望值的职
位。
36. She has strived to
support his academic career by sacrificing
academic interests of her own.
(Para.
11)
She has tried her best to support
his academic career at the cost of giving up her
own
academic
interests.
strive:
vi.
make a very great
effort, usu. over a long period of time, to get it
or to do it
努力，力
争
After surviving last accident, he
strives hard to keep himself very fit.
从上次事故中劫后余生后，他努力使自己保持健康。
Mr.
Annan said that the region must now strive for
economic development as well as peace.
安南先生说该地区现在必须为经济发展与和平而奋斗。
37. Maybe this depressing
ending turned out to be what she
doesn
?
t deserve. (Para. 11)
Perhaps she ought not to suffer this
kind of miserable ending.
23
depressing:
a
.
?
making you feel very unhappy
and disappointed
令人忧愁的，使人沮丧的
a depressing sight / prospect / film <
/p>
令人沮丧的景象
/
前景
< br>/
影片
This makes me recall the
most depressing day of last year.
这让我回想起了去年那个最令人沮丧的一天。
The
chief problem was to find how to prevent surpluses
from depressing domestic prices.
首要问题是设法防止由于产品过剩而使国内价格下降。
ending:
n.
[C] way, esp. story, film, play or
word, etc. finishes
（尤指故事、
电影、
戏剧或
词语等的）结尾
,
结局
a
story with a happy ending
结局圆满的故事
I quite enjoyed
the book but found the ending rather tame.
我很爱看那本书
,
只是结尾颇觉逊色。
It was
so complicated that I could neither made a
beginning nor ending of them in words.
它太复杂了，以至于我无法把它的来龙去脉用言语说出来。
turn out:
prove
to be in the result or
end
结果是；证明是
She
turned out to be a friend of my sister.
她原来是我妹妹的朋友。
The job turned out to be harder than we
thought.
这工作结果比我们想的要难。
It looked like rain this morning, but
it has turned out to be a fine day.
今早看起来要下雨，结果是个好天。
It
turned out that this country is resorting to force
to handle this issue.
结果证明这个国家正在诉诸武力来解决这个问题。
38.
But when
it
comes
to
love,
it
is
very
complicated
and
it
is
very
hard
to
distinguish
right
from wrong. (Para. 11)
But
regarding love, it is not that simple and it is
very difficult to tell who is right and who is
wrong.
when it comes
to:
concerning, regarding, when the
subject comes up
当涉及到，当谈到
When it comes to my motoring
conviction,
my wife can?
t
help throwing it in my face every time.
每当谈到我开车违章判罪一事时，我妻子就会忍不住拿此事责备我。
He?
s no expert when it comes
to cooking.
要说到烹饪他可不是个行家里手。
complicated:
a.
difficult
to
do,
deal
with,
or
understand,
esp.
because
of
involving
a
lot
of
different processes or
aspects
复杂的，难懂的
The situation in Lebanon is very
complicated.
黎巴嫩的情况十分复杂。
A very complicated voting system is not
popular with citizens.
非常复杂的选举体制不受民众的欢迎。
The tax laws are so
complicated that only an expert can provide
enlightenment.
税务法非常复杂，只有专家才能解释清楚。
Part III Guided
Writing
Writing an
Expository Paragraph
24
Exposition is a form of
writing whose main purpose is to explain. Unlike
narration which tells
what
happens
and
description
which
tells
how
something
looked
or
felt
or
sounded,
expository
writing
explains
something
by
dealing
with
processes
and
relationships
of
things.
While
narration
follows time order
and description follows space order, exposition
follows
logical order
. In
general,
expository writing answers the
questions of
how?
and
why?
Histories, philosophies, literary
essays, theories of economics, studies of
government and law,
the
findings
of
sociology,
the
investigations
of
science
—
all
these,
however
different
they
may
be,
have
their
same
purpose
to
explain,
i.e.,
to
expose,
meaning
“
to
reveal
”
.
Although
the
expository
writing
is
formal
and
academic,
it
also
appears
in
magazines
and
newspapers,
in
any
place
where
people look for explanations. It is the
most common kind of writing, the sort with which
we conduct
our workday
affairs
—the business letter, the
doctor?
s case study, the
engineer
?
s report, the
analysis in
college courses,
compositions and research
papers
—
and the writing with
which we attempt to control
our world,
whether our means in doing so is a complicated
system of philosophy or an easy cook
book. All in all, it is a wide net.
The main types of exposition are
exemplification, process analysis, cause and
effect, definition,
classification, and
comparison and contrast, etc.
Key to Exercise
The
topic
sentences
of
Number
1,
3,
5,
and
6
are
suitable
for
expository
writings
while
the
topic
sentence of Number 2 and 4 are not.
Now
Y
ou Try It
The complete
paragraph goes like this:
Being the oldest child of five, I had
the greatest number of household responsibilities.
Whenever my parents needed help from
work around the house, I was the one they asked.
Washing the clothes, vacuuming the
house, doing the dishes, keeping the room clean
—
all
these were
my chores. My parents knew that they could trust
me to do the work well. Often I
was the
babysitter for my two brothers and two sisters. My
mother worked two jobs and my
dad
stayed late at the office. Many nights
I cooked dinner and supervised my
sisters? and
br
others?
homework.
I
resented
the
time
I
spent
doing
housework.
Overall,
these
responsibilities
prepared me for adulthood.
Part IV Key to Exercises
II.
1. A school friend said
that Stephen was suffering from ?some
terrible, paralyzing, incurable
disease?
,
which was known as
motor neurone disease.
2. Because Jane
facilitated him to break out of his depression and
regenerate some belief in his life
and
work.
She
changed
his
life.
She
gave
him
something
to
look
forward
to
and
made
him
determined to survive.
3.
She loved Stephen so much that nothing could deter
her from wanting to marry him.
25
4. The title
is
Music to Move the Stars
.
What is striking about her account of their
courtship is her
readiness
to
marry
someone
with
such
a
grim
diagnosis,
whose
physical
condition
was
deteriorating before her
eyes.
5. It is that in
Cambridge, and at conferences all over the world,
physicists gather in excited groups,
while their wives are relegated to the
status of second-class citizens.
6.
The development
that
Jane
is
gradually
transformed
from
his
wife
into
his
nurse,
her
functions
becoming “maternal
rather than marital”
, might be fatal to
the marriage.
7. She responds by
finding a friend and lover, a musician who is
accepted into the household.
8. Stephen
abandoned Jane for one of his nurses.
9. She overwhelmingly needs to believe
in either God, whose existence is denied by
Stephen, or that
form of authority
represented by her genius husband.
10.
Jane Hawking is a Christian. Her faith in God
pulls her through.
III.
1.
intellectual
2.
ambition
3.
genius
4.
facilitate
5. symptom
6.
deteriorates
7.
submissiveness
8.
illustration
9.
resembles
10. fulfil
11.
Decent
12.
Optimism
13.
Depression
14.
complicated
15.
decline
IV.
1. taken up
2.
in tandem
3. by
comparison with
4.
make a
difference
5. transformed
turned out
9.
take on
deter
26
6. in vain
7.
in the first place
8.
10. combined
11. on the scene
12.
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-
-
-
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