-
英语专四词汇语法新试题解析
一、引言
英语专业四级考试(
TEM-4
)是全国高等院校英语专业基础
阶段的考
试,
是高等学校外语专业教学指导委员会主持实施的全
国性考试
。
根
据《高校英语专业四级考试大纲》,
TEM-4
考试涵盖六大<
/p>
部分:听写、听力理解、完形填空、语法与词汇、阅读理解和写
作
。虽然委员会在
2004
年对考试大纲作了修订,但在词汇和语
法方面没有做出太大改变。词汇和语法共
30
< br>题(原则上语法
15
题,词汇
1
5
题),总分
15
分,考试时间为
p>
15
分钟。语法考点
主要包括名词、
限定词、
代词、
从句及其他;
词汇量要求
5500
~
600
0
词,重点考查异形近义词、异形异义词、近形异义词各种
词的
搭配及习惯表达,
多项选择是主要的考查形式,
即在所给的
p>
四个选项中选择一个正确答案。
这就要求出题者应注意每一选择
p>
题只能给予一个正确答案。然而,近年来英语专业四级考题,尤
其是
词汇语法部分的考题多受诟病,
原因在于多次出现一道题有
两个
正确答案的现象。从
2008
年开始,笔者发现词汇语法出题<
/p>
的方式开始发生变化,
题目不再是选择一个答案填入题干以完成<
/p>
句子,
而是将题干改为一个完整的句子,
在选项中直接考查该句
子的语法知识点。
这种出题方式在一定程
度上降低了争议题目的
出现,不失为高明之举,但是随之产生了一些新的问题。下面,<
/p>
笔者将详细解析自
2008
年开始到
p>
2013
年的新出题方式下的考
题,希望借
此寻找到更有效的备考策略。
二、实例分析
of the following is
INCORRECT
?
(
2008-57
)
A. All his lectures were
boring.
C. Her
few friends are all fond of dancing.
B. Half his money was gone.
D. He invited
many his friends to the party.
解析:答案为
D
。考查多个限定词一起使用时的排序问题。
限定词分为前、中、后,前位:
all
,
both
,
half
;
double
,
twice
,
one-third<
/p>
等;中位:
a
,
an
,
the
;
this
,
that
,
these
,
my
,
you
,
his
,
no
等;后位:
one
,
two
,
three
,
first
,
another
,
last
,
next
,
other
等。前位限定
词之间
和中位限定词之间相互排斥,
也就是说,
一个名词短语中只可用
一个前位限定词和一个中位限定词;
后位限定词不互相排斥,
如:
All the other
three black pens belong to me.
在本句中,
all
是前位限定词,
the
< br>是中位限定词,均只有一个,但是后位限定
词有两个:
o
ther
和
three
。在本题最后一
个选项中,
his
是中
位限定词,
p>
many
是后位限定词,所以出现了搭配错误。
注:
such
既可是前位限定词又可是后位限定词,如:
suc
h
a...
;
no
such
。
does “He wisely refused to
spend his money”
mean
?
(
2008-59
)
A. It was wise
of him to refuse to spend his money.
B. He refused to spend his
money in a wise manner.
C. He was short of money and didn’t
want to buy
anything.
D.
He
refused
,
in
a
wise
manner
,
to
spend
his
money.
解析:答案为
A
。考查对副词位置和含义的理解。副词分程
度副词、频度
副词、方式副词、时间副词、地点副词和评注性副
词。程度副词一般放在被修饰的动词、
形容词或副词前面,如:
I am very happy to be with
you. He speaks English pretty
well.
频度副词通常放在行为动词前,
如:
I
often
see
her
walk
in the
park.
方式副词一般放在动词后,如:
The girl
danced
beautifully.
时间副词一般放在句
首或句尾。
地点副词一般放在
句尾,有时也可在句首。评注性副
词一般位于句首,有时也位于
句中或句尾,如:
Rightly
,
he refused her offer.
句首,修
饰整个句子和主语。
He
wisely took his friend’s advice.
句中,
修饰句子和主语。
We
could
see
the
distant
hills
clearly.
句尾,修饰谓语动词。在四个选项中,
p>
B
和
D
选项结构虽
然有差
异,但意思是一样的,表示“他聪明地拒绝了用自己的钱”,强
< br>调拒绝的方式,那么
wisely
就可被理解成只修饰谓
语动词。只
有
A
选项与原句意义接近,
因为原句中的
wisely
修饰的是整个
句子和主语,表示
It is wise of him to
do...
。
of the following sentences
expresses
“probability”?
(
2008-65
)
A. You must
leave immediately.
B.
You
must
be
feeling
rather
tired.
C.
You
must
be here
by eight o’clock.
D. You must complete the
reading assignment on time.
解析:
答案为
B
。
考查情态动词
must
的用法。
情态动词
must
的常见用法有:(
1
)当句子主语是说话人本人时,表示说
话人
的主观看法或愿望,如:
I must go to
the hospital to visit
the
pa
tient.
我得到医院去看望病人。
We
must
finish
the
task
today.
我们今天得完
成这项工作。(
2
)当句子主语不是说话人
本人时,表示命令“必须”(肯定句)、“不许”(否定句),
如:You
must
come
home
before
eight
o’clock.
Cars
mustn’t
be
parked
in
front
of
the
door.
(
3
)用于肯定句,表示“揣
测”,
< br>如:
You
must
be
a
businessman.
你肯定
是生意人。
(
must+
状态动词,<
/p>
对现在情况表示揣测)
Look
,
she
must
be
crying
over
there
.
快看,她肯定在那儿哭。(
must+be+
行为动词现在分词,
对现在正在发生的情况表示揣测)
It must have rained last
night
,
for the
ground is wet.
昨天晚上肯定下雨了,因为地
面
是湿的。
(
must+have+
过去
分词,对过去所发生的情况表示揣
测)。
4.“It seems
that she was there at the
conference.”,
the sentence means that
?摇
?摇(
2009-62
)
A. she seems to be there at
the conference.
B. she seemed to be there at the
conference.
C.
she seems to have been there at the conference.
D. she seemed
to being there at the conference.
解析:答案为
C
。考查副词的用法。题干中的“it seems
that...”用的是一般现
在时,表示在说话的这个时候“看来似
乎
/
好像是”;
that
从句中用的是一般过去时,表示“她出
席会
议”是过去的事件,
整句话表示现在做出对过去某事的判断
。
四
个选项中,
B/D
时态不对;
A
没有表示“过去”的语法手段,也
不对。
只有
C
语义与
题干中的句子完全一致,
选项中的不定式用
了完成体,表示过去
时间。
“How
much do you think he
earns
?”,
how much
is
?摇
?摇
of the sentence.
(
2009-64
)
A. the subject
B. the adverbial
C. the object D. the complement
解析:答案为
C
。考查句子成分间的关系。在这个句子中,
主语是
you
,谓语是
think
< br>,
how much he earns
是
think
的宾
语从句。在该从句中,
he
是主语,
earns
是
谓语动词,引导词
how much
作
earns
的宾语。
6.“The man preparing the
documents is the firm’s
lawyer”
has
all
the
following
possible
meanings
EXCEPT
?
摇
?摇(
2009-65
)
A. the man who has prepared
the documents...
B. the man who has been preparing the
documents...
C. the man who is preparing the
documents...
D. the man who will prepare the
documents...
解
析:答案为
D
。考查现在分词作定语的用法。现在分词作
定语一般表示“主动”和“进行”。四个选项都是主动语态:
B
(现在完成进行时)和
C
(现在进行时)是进
行体,无疑是现在
分词定语的含义。
A
是现在完成时,有“过去的动作但对现在有
影响”之义,也是现在分词定语的含义。只有
D
是一般将来时,
与现在分词的含义不
一致。如果要把
D
改为非谓语形式的定语,
就应该用不定式。
of
the
following
italicized
phrases
indicates
CAUSE
?
(
2010-51
)
A.
Why
don’t you do
it for the
sake of
your friends?
B. I wish I could write as
well as you.
C. For all his
efforts
,
he
didn’t get an A.
D. Her eyes were red from
excessive reading.
解析:答案为
D
。
A
表示“为了”目的;
B
表示“和……一
样”比较;
C
表示“尽管”让步。
of the
following sentences is
INCORRECT
?
(
2010-56
)
A. They each have two
tickets.
B.
They cost twenty yuan each.
C. Each they have bought
the same book.
D. They
were given two magazines each.
解析:答案为
C
。
Each
作同位语时,只能放
在被修饰的代词
后面。
the sentence “It’s no use
waiting for her”,
the
italicized phrase is
?摇
?摇
(
20
10-61
)
A. the object B. an
adverbial
C. a
complement D. the subject
解析:答案为
D
。这是动名词后置的句
型,真正的主语在后
面。
of the following sentences
is INCORRECT
?
(
p>
2010-62
)
A. All his
lectures are very interesting.
B. Half their savings were
gone.
C. Many
his friends came to the party.
D. Both his sisters are
nurses.
解析:
答案为
C
。
此题与<
/p>
2008
年第
57
题雷同。
考查限定词,
his
是中位
限定词,
many
是后位限定词,所以出现了搭配错误。
of
the following sentences has an object
complement
?
(
2010-63
)
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