-
八年级英语上册阅读理解解题技巧专项讲解练习
一、考点分析
阅读部分在中考所占分值
50
分，题型分为下面
4
种：
阅读<
/p>
A
篇：单项选择
6*
2’
阅读理解
50’
阅读
B<
/p>
篇：完型填空
6* 2’
阅读
C<
/p>
篇：首字母填空
7* 2’
阅读
D<
/p>
篇：回答问题
1’+ 2’+ 2’+ 2’+ 2’+
3’
（题目主题贴近生活，选材接地气）
(
题型：主旨题；细节题；猜测题；推理题）
①
审标题
②
看全文，尤其首尾
应对技巧
③
看后面题目，心中有数
④
细读文章，画出重点和细节
⑤
复读全文，核对答案
二、专题详解
问题一
：八年级同学和九年级同学在做阅读训练的时候有什么不同？
_______________
__________________________________________________
_________
__________________
__________________________________________________
_________
问题二：你所掌握的阅读方法有哪些？
___
__________________________________________________
_____________________
______
__________________________________________________
_____________________
______
__________________________________________________
_____________________
要想稳步提高阅读理解解题能力，需从以下四个方面努力。
1
．尽一切努力扩大词汇量，丰富语言结构知识
阅读起始于通过视觉准确、迅速与自动的认出词汇，不论它出
现在何种上下文中都是如此。自动
认词后，阅读进入单词与意义的加工阶段。此时单词的
音与义唤起了记忆中有关它的语义、词法、句
法等方面的联系。这一阶段如果不能完成，
读者就不得不停止继续阅读。所谓阅读中词汇的
“
拦路虎
”
就是指这一阶段的困难。
那么我们到底怎样才能赶走这只
“
拦路虎<
/p>
”
呢？
一个字
---
“
背
”
。正所谓
“
一背解千愁
”
。一定要
“
天天背、时时背、反复背
”
< br>。上课时碰到难记的重
要的用法、词汇，给一到二分钟，马上背下来。每节课后，
至少要花十分钟左右的时间记忆本节课的
重点内容，而检测有没有背的最终手段无疑是默
写。
2
．跳出一个误区
有不少人认为：词汇不需要死记硬背，通过上、下文的语境猜出大致意思就可以了。这其实是
学
习上的的一个误区。
为不少
“
懒惰
“
的学生提供了一个不背诵的借口。
有不少同学就妄想凭着自己的小聪
明多猜几个词，在某一次考试中多
捞几分。
其实
“<
/p>
猜词
”
是建立在大量记忆词汇的基础之上
的，是背诵单词的高级阶段。如猜
“illegal”
的意思。
如果既不知道
“il
-
”
是否定前缀，又不知道
“legal”
的意思是
“
合法的
”
，该如何下手呢？最多也只能望词兴
叹了。
再比如，有一篇阅读的开头有这样
一个句子
“Architects
design
houses
and
buildings
”
要求根据句意
猜测
“architect”
这个词的意思。如果不知道
“design”
是
“
设计
”
的意
思，又怎么能猜得出
“architect”
这个词
的意思呢？而这个词却恰恰是这篇文章的
Key
word
。在文中反复出现多达十余
次，所以一边看文章一
边在不断的想：
architect
到底是什么意思呢？与房子和建筑物（
houses
and
building
s
）有关的，会是
“
砖
块
”
吗？试问：这样的阅读会有多少效果？
词汇是英语学习的基石。
只能扎扎实
实的去记忆、
背诵，
而记忆、
背诵的要
决在于
“
坚持、
反复
< br>”
只
有基本功夯实了，我们提
高英语能力才能成为可能。只有能力提高了，才有所谓的素质，才能以
“
不变
应万变
”
，才能在大大小
小的考试中获得成功，提升自信。
3
．攻克长、难句
长、难句是英语阅读中的又一个
“
拦路虎<
/p>
”
。对于长、难句的处理一般可以采取以下
4
个步骤。
第一步
：先把句子看一遍，把所有认识的单词的意思串起来，不认识的单词尽量不要去管。然后
结合自己的背景知识，把自己对这个句子意思的理解说出来，有多少说多少。哪怕只能说出
20
％
-
30
％
的意思，也是一种理解，一种成功。
第二步：通过所掌握语法知识，分析句子结构，是复合句的，要划分到简单句。
第三步：积累一些词汇、短语的搭配，并对个别的生词进行词义猜测，从而
培养自身的推理判断
能力。
第四步：
对整个句子精确翻译，翻译时要注意汉语的规范表达，以
“
信、
达、雅
”
为目标。
4.
从解题技巧的训练到解题能力的提高
虽然扎实的语言知识
----
单词、语法是阅读理解篇章的必
备条件
。但是仅仅认识单词和语法，远不
能达到理解篇章内容和
作者要表达的深层含义的目的。我们还需要一定的语篇结构知识、社会语文化
背景知识、
分析综合与评价的技能和策略、超认知的监控阅读的知识和技能。
要想获得这些能力，从而跨越阅读理解的最后一个台阶，必须要经过大量的实践训练，根据研
究
分析，通常会在以下几个类型的阅读理解中失分率较高；
What
is
the
main
idea
of
the
passage?
Which
one
is
the
best
title
of
this
passage?
What
can
you
infer
from
this
passage?
Which
of
the
following
analysis
is
right
according
to
the
passage?
阅读
D
篇知识梳理
知识点
1
：回答问题的题型、考点
1.
题型：一般疑问句，选择疑问句，反义疑问句，特殊疑问句，主观题
2.
考
点：对各种疑问句的回答方式及语法的考查（如：时态，主谓一致等）
1)
一般疑问句的回答：
yes or
no
来回答
2)
选
择疑问句的回答：选择其中的一个或者
neither
或者
both
来回答
3)
反义疑问句的回答：根据事实来回答
4)
特殊疑问句的回答：
why
用
because / because
of
来回答；
how
用
by / through
doing
来回答；
how
long
用
for +
时间段
/ since +
时间点
来回答；
when
和
where
提问，介词不能用错（
i
n / on / at
等等）；
how
many
或者
how far
提问时，
注意限定词
only/more than/
about
等。
5)
主观题，注意不能用
I think it is
interesting
或者
I think it is
good
来回答。
一定要发表自己的观点，并解释原因。
知识点
2
：回答问题的技巧
1
．细节题
细节题目比较简单，一般从文中可以直接找到答案，直接抄下来就可以。但是抄的时候一
定要依
据上述
5
个考点进行回答，比如
：
89. Did Dario and his
mother visit their neighbour or write a letter to
their neighbours?
阅读文章，
我们会发现
Dario
and his mother invited their neighbours to come
their home for a party.
但
把这句
话抄上去是没有分的。正确的回答是
Neither.
尽管细
节题比较简单，大部分学生得分并不高，
所以一定要注意使用恰当的句式。
2
．归纳总结
归纳总
结类的题目相对较难，基础好的学生还可以，基础较薄弱的学生一般会抄原文或者自己总结
的，但是会出现各种各样的错误。
学生们自己做练习的过程中发现答案多是
“Any
reasonable answers are acceptable.”
在没有标
准答案的
情况下，都会习惯性的忽视最后一题题，
以至于考试的
时候
“
无话可说
”
。答题标准：围绕文章内容发表
个人观点（
1
分），并解释原因（
2
分）。
三、课堂练习
1
）
Passage
one:
How I help to save
lives
----
by
Sandra Dean
I do many different things in my job. I
do some job in a laboratory or at a computer and I
do other work
outside. I like
everything about my job.
It
is always interesting and I get to
travel.
Best of all, I know
I’m
helping to save lives. You see, I’m
a volcanologist.
I
work for a volcano
observatory
（观测台）
. People at
the observatory study volcanoes so they can
predict
when a volcano might erupt and
where the lava
（熔岩）
might
flow. Then we can warn people and they can
leave their homes before they are
buried under rocks, lava, and ash.
Of course, we
can’t yet predict every eruption accurately. I’ll
never forget the time I was studying a volcano
in Hawaii. I went down into the
crater
（
火山口）
to
take some rock
samples
（
样本）
. We
weren’t expecting any
volcanic activity
so I wasn’t worried. All of a sudden, I felt the
ground under my feet start to shake. Then a
huge fountain of steam blew out of the
ground. That’s when I knew an eruption could
happen at any moment.
You’ve never seen
anyone climb out of a crater and run down the
outside of a volcano so fast!
【文章概括】本文作者是
Sandra
Dean
，她主要介绍了自己从事的职业
---
火山学家，重点介绍的工作<
/p>
的重要性，并举例说明工作的危险性。大部分人会对这样的文章有抵触心理，因为有大量的
专业名词
看不懂，但实际上此类文章还是比较容易获得高分的，依据文章内容实事求是的
作答。
【词义猜测】
1. laboratory :
实验室
2. volcanologist :
火山学家（补充类似词汇，如
scientist,
artist, physicist, journalist,
socialist
等）
3. predict :
预测
4. erupt :
爆发，喷发
（本篇阅读中出现名词
eruption
）
5. accurately :
准确地
【句子分析】
1. People at the observatory study
volcanoes so they can predict when a volcano might
erupt and where the
lava
（熔岩）
might
flow.
在观察室的人们研究火
山，
这样他们就可以预测火山可能在什么时候喷发，
并且熔岩向
什么地方喷发。
分析：
at the
observatory study
介词短语作后置定语，用来修饰前面的
people
；
so
作连
词，引导目的状语，其后接从句；
when
和
< br>where
引导的是并列从句
2. I’ll never forget the time I was
studying a volcano in Hawaii.
我将永远不会忘记我在夏威夷研究火山的那个时刻。
分析：
the
time
的具体时间就是
I was
studying a volcano in Hawaii
3. All of a sudden, I felt
the ground under my feet start to shake. Then a
huge fountain of steam blew out of the
ground.
< br>突然，我感觉到我脚下的地面在晃动。然后一股巨大的热流冲出地面。
分析：
under my
feet
介词短语作后置定语，用来修饰前面的
the
ground
；
准确描写作者能直观感受到的地震
表现，先感觉到，再亲眼目睹。
【问题解决】
1. What
does Sandra like best about her job?
_______________
_____________________________________________
2. Why do people at the
observatory study volcanoes?
_______________
_____________________________________________
3. Why did Sandra go into a
crater in Hawaii?
___________________________
_________________________________
4. What was the first sign that the
volcano might erupt?
___
__________________________________________________
_______
5. What was the
second sign?
_________________________________________
___________________
6. What
kind of person is Sandra?
___________________________
_________________________________
2
）
Passage
two:
Kyra
Komac, 28
years old, now has 25
furniture stores all over the country.
The new store, in London’s
Camden High
Street, takes her back to where it all started.
She tells us about how the business
began.
When I was little, my mother began
selling flowers in Camden Market. She couldn’t
leave me at home on
my own, so I had to
go to the market with her.
To begin with, I didn’t
have to do anything. I just sat there, and my
mum told me jokes and stories so I
didn’t get bored. When I got older, I
gave my mum a hand and I really enjoyed it.
Then, one year, my grandma gave me a
book for Christmas. It was all about making
candles and I loved it. I
was 14, and I
didn’t have to go to the market any more because
mum could leave me at home on my own. I
spent my free time making candles of
all shapes and sizes. I made hundreds of them.
One
day, my mother was ill so I had to go to the
market on my own. I decided to take some candles
with me
and see if I could sell them.
They were sold out in twenty minutes! The next
week, my mum gave me some
money to buy
some wax
（蜡）
to make more
candles. They sold out really quickly, too.
Nine months later, we decided to stop
selling flowers: My mum and I couldn’t make enough
candles during
the week, so some of my
school friends started to help us. I paid them one
pound for every candle, and we
used to
sell them for three or four times that. It was fun
and my friends worked with me in the market.
At the age of 22, my uncle
lent me some money and I opened my first shop in
Portobello Road. Since then,
I’ve never
looked back, even in difficulties. In the first
store, we only sold candles, but now we sell
everything
from designer furniture to
paintings. Oh, and candles, of course.
【文章概括】
本文介绍了
Kyra K
omac
的发家史，
幼年时期陪着妈妈在
Camden Market
卖花；
14
岁的时
候得到了一本书关于
making candles
；
有一回妈妈生病，
在看店的过程中试
着卖蜡烛，
销售情况很乐观，
于是把花店改成蜡烛店；店铺发展
壮大，售卖的商品种类也越来越多，但是依然有蜡烛。本文属于议
论文，阅读的时候基本
无障碍，但是答题的过程中需格外注意细节，简单的文章往往比较难获得高分。
【词义猜测】
1. furniture store :
家具店
2. sold out :
售光，卖完
3. give sb. a hand :
助某人一臂之力
【句子分析】
1. The new
store, in London’s Camden High Street, takes her
back to where it all started.
在伦敦
Camden High
Street
的新店带她回到了店铺的最初起点。
分析：
in London’s Camden High
Street
是对
new
store
的地理位置的描述，翻译的时候记得用在句首。
2. I paid them one pound
for every candle, and we used to sell them for
three or four times that.
我付给他们每个蜡烛一英镑，而我们卖出的价格却是三或四英
镑。
分析：学会用
every
这个词，比如：每小时
30
千米
30 kilometers every
hour
；
4
年一次
once every four years
3. At the age of 22, my
uncle lent me some money and I opened my first
shop in Portobello Road.
在我
22
岁
的时候，我叔叔借给我一些钱，我在
Portobello
Road
开了我的第一家店。
分析：
at the age of
+
准确年龄：在某人多少岁的时候；
in one’s
thirties
：在某人三十多岁的时候（描述不准确年龄）
【问题解决】
1. How many furniture stores does Kyra
Komac have now?
_______________________________________
_____________________
2.
Where did Kyra’s mother sell flowers?
_______________
_____________________________________________
3. What did Kyra do in her free
time when she was fourteen?
___________________________
_________________________________
4. Who helped Kyra and her mum when
they couldn’t make enough candles during the
week?
________________________________________________ ____________
5. How did
Kyra’s uncle help her to open her first
shop?
________________________________________________ ____________
6. What do you
think this story?
___________________________
_________________________________
3
）
Passage
three:
Dear
Friend,
I want to tell you about
Y
uri. Yuri is a young brown bear. He
was born in winter and like all bear cubs, he
was
blind
and
he
had
no
teeth.
His
mother
was
sleeping
in
her
den(
兽穴
),
deep
inside
the
Russian
forest.
Outside, it was very cold and
everything was covered by thick snow. Inside the
den with his mother, however,
Yuri felt
safe and warm.
Then, when Yuri was only a few weeks
old, some hunters came. Dogs were sent into the
den. Yuri’s mother
was woken up by the
dogs. She tried to protect her cub, but when she
climbed out of the den, she was shot by
the hunters.
Every year, between 3,000
and 4,000 brown bears are hunted and killed like
this. There are only 110,000
brown
bears in Russia today and they almost disappear in
other European countries. Their meat and fur are
sold
for
thousands
of
dollars,
so
people
will
continue
to
hunt
them.
The
cubs
are
usually
just
left
to
die.
Without their mothers they can’t
survive.
Yuri,
however,
was
lucky.
He
was
found
by
one
of
the
hunters
and
he
was
taken
to
The
Russian
Bear
Orphanage,
350
kilometers
northwest
of
Moscow.
The
orphanage
is
run
by
Professor
Valentin
Pazhetnov.
Here, Yuri will be looked after. He and
other orphan bears will be fed and taught how to
survive. When they
are
old
enough,
they
will
be
taken
to
a
nature
reserve
in
Bryansk,
where
they
will
be
protected.
Professor
Pazhetnov hopes that in the future some
bears will be released in other European countries
where they are now
extinct.
So far, over a
hundred bear cubs have been saved by the
orphanage. Seventy bears have been returned to the
forest. We want to save more. That’s
why I’m writing to you now. Money is needed for
food, transport and for
people to look
after the baby bears. Yuri and his friends need
your help. Please send a donation
(
捐赠
) today.
Together we can save the orphan
bears.
Thank you.
Yours sincerely,
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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