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人教版八年级英语下册知识点归纳总结

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2021-02-01 22:21
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2021年2月1日发(作者:爆竹)


Unit 1 What’s the matter?



一、基础知识



1. What’ s the matter?


怎么啦?出什么事情了?



【解析】


matter/ ' m?t


?


(r)) /n.


问题;事情








What’ s the matter with you?= What’s the trouble with you? = What’ s wrong with you?



你怎么了?



【注】




matter



trouble


为名词,



其前可加


the


或形容词性物主代词,


wrong



adj.


不能加


the


【用法】用于询问某人 有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题其后跟询问对象时,






与介词


w ith


连用。即:




What’s the matter with sb.?



= What’s your trouble?










= What’s up?




= What happens to sb.?





What’s the matter with you ?—


I have a bad cold.


2. I had a cold.


我感冒了。


have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu


感冒






have a fever


发烧



have a cough


咳嗽


have a stomachache


胃疼,肚子疼




have a toothache


牙疼



have a headache


头疼



3. < /p>


身体部位


+ache


(疼痛)构成新的复 合词



stomach+ache=stomachache





head+ache=headache





tooth+ache=toothache





back+ache=backa che


后背痛



4. much too+





形容词,意为






......




too much+


名词,意为




很多,大量





5. enough


【形容、副词】足够的


/


地,


enough


放在名前后,形副后。


good enough


足够好,


enough money=much money


6. lie down


躺下,



lie

< p>
躺,躺着,过去式


lay



lie


说谎,过去式


lied


7. maybe ―


或许



,常用于句首, 表示可能性,后加句子。


Maybe you are right.


may be


,是情态动词


+be


的结构,意为



可能,也许



,后加名词、代词或形容词。


He may be angry.


sound like+


名词代词和从句:


It sounds like you don’t know the truth.




















It sounds like a good +


形容词,< /p>



听起来,好像




The music sounds nice.


9. need


需要,实义动词


need+


名词,需要某物;






need to do sth.


需 要做某事,主语通常是人,表示人主动的动作:


You need to listen carefully during class.





need doing sth.


主语通常是物,表示被动的动作:


Your dirty clothes need



washing.


10. get off (the bus)


下(公交车)



get on


上车



11. agree


同意,赞同;




agree with sth.


同意某事








如:


I agree with that idea.



agree to sb.



同意某人的意见




如:


I agree to LiLei.


12. trouble


问题,


麻烦




be in trouble


遇到麻烦,


make trouble


制造麻烦




have trouble (in) doing sth. =have difficulties


(in) doing sth< /p>



......


有麻烦。





13. right away=right now=at once


,意为



马上





14.


advice


< p>
[


不可数名词


]


劝告,建 议,向



征求意见,



give


sb.


advice


on


sth.


就某事给某人建议;



advise


[


动词


]






advise sb. to do sth.


建议某人做某事




advise sb. doing sth.


【复习】


exercise


练习、锻炼




exercise


意为



练习



时,为可数名词



即可加


s



exercise


意为



锻炼



时,为不可数名词



即不加


s


16. hurt


及物动词,使


……


疼痛,

……


受伤,


He hurt his leg while exercising.















不及物动词,

……


(部位)疼。





His leg hurt badly.


clean



【动词】打扫,


clean the classroom


打扫教室,


【形容词】





干净的







cleaner


意为





清洁工







18. hit



(用手或器具)打;击打




The boy hit the dog with a stone.








hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back


打某人的头、鼻子、后背,


on


用在所打较硬的部位;









hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach


打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子,


in


用在所打较软的部位。






be used to sth./ doing sth.


习惯于、适应了


……


、做某事,强调状 态;


His grandpa was used to country life.



1








Mary is not used to getting up early in the morning.






get/ become used to sth./ doing sth. ―


变得习惯,逐渐适应


……‖


强调过程、动作:







It’s difficult for one to get used to another country’s habit.



20.


【复习】


free [


形容词


]


空闲的


free time


;免费的


the drink is for free


;自由的


I want to become a free bird.







free


【动词】使


……


解脱,得到自由:


He could not free his arm.


run out


用完,用尽



When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life.



sth. run out.


某物用尽了。








sb. run out of sth.



人用尽了某物。


He run out of all his money last night.


22. risk (sb.) to do sth.


冒险去做某事




take a risk=take risks


冒险




23. the importance of (doing) sth.


(做)某事的重要性









We students should know the importance of (learning) English.



importance




n.



重要(性)





important


< p>
adj.


重要的,


unimportant



adj.


不重要的



decision



【名词】决定;抉择;



make a decision




做决定



;


make a decision to do sth.=




decide to do sth.




25. be in the control of …


掌管,管理




The headmaster is in the control of this new school.








be out of control


无法控制,无法管理






be under control


被控制住,在控制之中



26.


【复习】


mind

< p>
意为




介意











mind doing sth.







介意做某事






















,








Would you mind my opening the window?


27. give up (doing) sth.


放弃(做)某事,


give up (playing) computer games




give up


后可接名词、代词和动词


ing


形式,也可不接,如


:



Never give up easily.


二、重点语法



【反身代词】英语中共 有八个反身代词,在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一致。













人称



单数



复数



第一人称



myself


ourselves


第二人称



yourself


yourselves


第三人称



himself



herself




itself


themselves


【用法】



1.



可用作宾语,指的是宾语和主 语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。




如:


Maria bought herself a scarf.





We must look after ourselves very well.



2.



可用作表语,指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。



如:



She isn’t quite herself today.



3.



可用作主语或宾语的同位语,常用来加强语气。



如:


She herself will fly to London tomorrow.




I met the writer himself last week.




4.



用在某些固定短语当中。



look after oneself / take care of oneself


照顾自己




teach


say to oneself


自言自语





oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself


自学



leave sb. by oneself


把某人单独留下






enjoy oneself


玩得高兴,过得愉快






buy oneself sth .


给自己买


……


东西

< br>



help oneself to sth


请自用


……


(随便吃


/


喝些


……



.




introduce oneself


介绍


……


自己



hurt oneself


摔伤自己






【提醒】



1.



反身代词不能单独做主语,但可以做主语的同位语,起强调作 用。



如:我自己能完成作业。



(误)


Myself can finish my homework.




(



)



I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself.


2.



反身代词表示


某人自己



不能表示


< p>
某人的东西



,因为它没有所有格的形式。表达< /p>



某人自己的(东西)



时,


须要用


one’s own.





如:我 用我自己的蜡笔画画。


(误)


I’m drawing with myself crayons.




(



)



I’m dr


awing with my own crayons.





2


Unit 2



I’ll help to clean up the city parks



1. sick



生病的,有病的;可在句中作表语


Mary could not come because she is sick.





也可作定语


a sick child




【区别


i ll



ill



sick


同义;但是只在句中做表语,不做定语。


Mary could not come because she is ill.


2. cheer (sb.) up


(让某人)变得高兴;振奋起来


The good news cheered up everyone in our class.


3. give out


分发;散发,相当于


hand out



The teacher is giving out/ handing out the test papers.




give sth. out to sb.


意为








把某物分发给某人








4. volunteer



【名词】志愿者




【动词】义务做,自愿做(某事)


volunteer to do sth.




自愿做某事







The girls could volunteer in an after- school study program.


5. used to do sth .


过去


/


曾经


(



)


做某事,表示过去的习惯、动作 或状态,并强调现在已经不再存在或发生。





There used to be a cinema here.



这里曾有一个照相机。









They told me stories about the past and how things used to be.




他们告诉我关于这里过去的故事。


























6. alone


【形容词】独自一人的,无感情色彩:


The musician enjoyed living alone and writing songs himself.



lonely


(感到)孤独寂寞的,带有很强的感情色彩,可做表语或定语。


The lonely boy is not lonely now.


7. care for sb./sth.


照顾;照料


……





care


【名词】小心,关心


take care of=look after




【动词】


care about s b./sth.


关心,在意某人


/


事< /p>










【形容词】


careful




仔细的









/ careless



粗心的







【副词】


carefully




仔细地















8. such ―


这样的,这种,如此



,用于修饰名词





such+ a/ an+


形容词< /p>


+


单数名词:


such a good day



多么美好的一天






/such an exciting match



多么




精彩的比赛





such+


形容词

< br>+


复数名词


/


不可数名词:


such important decisions



多么重要的建议





such delicious food




多么美味


的食物
















如果名词前被


many, much, few, little


修饰时,只能用


so


,而不用


such



so many sick children/ so little time


9. try out for…


参加



选拔,争取成为


…Thirty football players tried out for the Best Player of the year.



try out


试用,试验



10. journey


【名词】


(尤指长途)旅行,行程;


trip


【名词】多指短途旅行;


< p>
travel


【名词、动词】


travel around the world →


【名词】


travel er


旅行者



11.


【复习】


be busy with sth.




忙于(做)什么事情



be busy doing sth.







忙于(做)什么事情





12.


【复习】


try doing sth.




试着去做某事




try to do sth.




尽力去做某事







try one’s best (to do sth.)


尽某人最大


的努力去做某事





13.


【复习】


be worried about sb./ sth. = worry about sb./ sth.




担心某人、某事






14. raise money


集资,筹钱;


raise money for…< /p>



……


筹钱






raise


【动词】举起;提高;募集



15. keep


【动词】


keep+


名词,保留(某物)



keep+


形容词,保持



16.

【形容词】


broken


破损的,出毛病的;


blind


瞎的,失明的;


deaf


聋的;


disabled


有残疾的,丧失能力的;在句 中


做定语和表语。



make it possible (for sb.) to do sth.


使(某人)做某事成为可能,



You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky.



make it +


形容词


(+for sb.) to do sth.


使(某人)做某事成为






think/find it +


形容词


to do sth.



18. make a difference to…



……


有影响;对


……


有作用,


difference


前可以用

no, any, some, much


等修饰,如



The rain made no difference to the game.
















Hard-working makes much difference to study.


19. difficulty


【可数


/


不可数】表示抽象意义的


< br>困难



时为不可数;表示具体的



难题、难事



时为可数;

< p>


have difficulty (in) doing sth.= have trouble (in) doing sth.



做某事有困难





20. train


【动词】训练,


trained


为过去分词,可做定语,意为

< br>―


受过训练的


‖a trained dog



21. be excited about sth.




对某事感到兴奋






Everyone is excited about the good news.



3




【复 习】


excited


意为




兴奋的,修饰人;


exciting


意为




< /p>


令人兴奋


/


激动的,修饰物。

< p>


22. order


【名词】命令,指示;顺序 ,次序【动词】订购;点(菜)


follow the order




23. change


【动词】变化,改变


It’s hard for a person to change his life(style).


【名词】变化;零钱











change A for B



A< /p>


换成


B



Whe n you travel in China, remember to change US dollars for RMB.


repair


【动词】修理,修补;



fix


【动词】安装;使固定




fix up


修理

< br>=repair



















































4


Unit3 Could you please clean your room?


Peter ,could you please take out the trash?


彼得,你能把垃圾倒了吗?



Could you please do sth ?


请你< /p>


(做)


......


好吗?用于提出请求 ,


希望得到对方的肯定回答,


说话的语气比较客气委婉。



Could


不是


can


的过去式,是委婉、礼貌的说法。回答用


can.


【常用答语】肯定回答:


Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./No problem.


否定回答:



Sorry , I can’t



2



take out


取出(


v+ adv





【注】


:


跟代词做宾语,代词放中间 ;跟名词做宾语,可放在中间,也可放在后边



His teeth hurt badly. The dentist take them out .


【短语】


take out the trash


倒垃圾




take a walk


散步




take away


拿走,取走




take back


收回







take place


发生





take off




脱下;



起飞



3. Can you do the dishes.


?那你可以洗盘子吗?






do the dishes


洗碗




【结构


1



do the +


名词:






do the dishes/ laundry


洗餐具


/


衣服




【结构


2



do the +


动词


-ing




do the cleaning


打扫卫生




【结构


3



do one’s +


名词





do one’s house


work/ homework


做家务


/


家庭作业



【结构


4


do some +


动词


-ing



do some reading/ shopping



读写书


/


购物



Could I at least finish watching this show?


至少让我看完这个节目可以吗?



1



Could I do a sth?


我可以做


......


吗?



用于表达请求,语气比较委婉。



Could I go out with my classmate this weekend?


2



at least


至少,多指数量或程度上的最低限度。


(



) at most


至少,不超过



Now all of us exercise at least an hour a day and outside school.


3



finish v


结束;完成







finish doing sth


做完某事





Can you finish __reading__ these books before 10 o'clock?



Yes, I can.


5



I think two hours of TV is enough for you!


我觉得你看两个小时的电视已经足够了。



1



two hours of TV


表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时,通常被视作整体,谓语动词用单数形式。








How time is flies! Three years __is_____(be) really a short time.




< br>容


足够的,充分的(在句中作定语或表语)


< p>
【解析


2



enough






















I don’t have enough money with me.






副词




足够;充分(放在形容词;副词后)


The river is deep enough for swimming.




【记】



Mr. Smith has enough money ,but he isn’t kind enough to help others.



【注意】


enough


修饰名词时,置于名词前;修饰形容词时,置于形容词之后。


























6



Could you take out the rubbish,fold the clothes and do the dishes?






你能把垃圾倒了。把衣服叠好,再把碗洗了吗?



【解析】


take out


拿出;取出



take


的用法:










Please take some books to the classroom.


拿;取






吃;喝;服用



5





























Take this medicine three times a day.


take













乘(车;船等)



















They usually take the bus to work.















花费






(时间;









金钱)













It takes me two hours to do my homework every day.



【拓展】


take


构成的短语:



take a walk


去散步




take a rest


休息




take care of


照顾




take off


脱下;


起飞


take up


占据





take down


拿下





take


one’s time


不急;慢慢来


take one’s temperature


量体温



7. The minute I sat down in front of the TV


, my mom came over .



我刚坐在电视机前面,我妈妈就过来了。


【解析


1



the minute = as soon as





......



......‖




Please write to me the minute you get there.



【解析


2




in front of





























指在物体外部的前面
















in front of

















There is a bike in front of the classroom.


【辨析】






in the front of



指在物体内部的前面































Our teacher is standing in the front of the classroom



【记】



The driver sat _____in the front of___________ the car. The policeman stood ___in front of________ the car.


【注意】有

< br>the



the


区别大:



at table


吃饭;进餐


in hospital


住院




at the tabel


在桌边


in the hospital


在医院(不一定看病)



【解析


3



come over


过来




【拓展】



come


短语:



come across


(偶然)发现





come back


回来










come up with


想出





come true


实现











come down


下来









come from=be fr om


来自


,


出生于


come in/into


进入


,


进来




come on


赶快


,


加油








come along


走吧


,


过来


,


快点



come and go


来来去去




come up


上来













come out


出来,


(

< p>


)


开,


(


照片


)


冲洗出来




7. You watch TV all the time and never help out around the house!


你总是看电视,从不帮忙做家务!



all the time



= always


一直;总是




8. I’m just as tired as you are!


我和你一样累!


【解析】


as...as ...





... ...


一样


......


9. For one week , she did not do any housework and neither did I.


一周的时间,她不做任何家务,我也不做。



【解析】


neither +


助动词< /p>


/


系动词


/


情态 动词



+


主语






某人(主语)



也不






neither


两者都不



neither …nor…


既不



也不


…,


连接两个词做主语,谓语动词 由后一个主语确定


Neither Tom nor Jim is a student




表达

< p>
―…


也不


……‖


则用



―Neither /Nor + be / V




/ V




+






—The first one wasn’t bad. —


Neither was the second.





10. The next day , my mom came home from work to find the house clean and tidy.



第二天,妈妈下班回到家后发现房间很干净、整洁。



【解析】


find +


宾语

< p>
+


宾语补足语



【注】


find → found →found v


寻找





(1) find sb. doing sth


发现某人做某事





(2) find it + adj. + to do sth


发现做某事很


……




find it difficult/ hard to do sth


发现做某事很困难



She found _it__ hard to finish the work by herself.




11.



She asked in surprise.


她吃惊地问道。




6


【解析】


in surprise


惊奇地;吃惊地



surprise v


使吃惊


→surprising adj.


令人吃惊的



→surprised adj.


吃惊的




to one’s surprise


使某人吃惊的是







in surprise


吃惊地



be surprised at



……


感 到吃惊



To my surprise_(

< br>使我吃惊的是)



he got the first prize in the exam.


12. ― I’m do sorry, Mom. I finish understand that we need to share the housework to have a clean and comfortable home.‖ I


replied.




对不起,妈妈。我终于理解为了拥有一个干净、舒适的家我们需要共同来分担家务。

< br>‖


我回答说。



【解析


1



need



v


需要



用于肯定句,是实义动词。



(1)


人做主语,


sb. need to do sth


某人需要做某事



(2)


物做主语,


sth need doing sth= sth need to be done


用于否定句或疑问句,是情态动词



(1)needn’t = don’t have to


没有必要



(2)need ,must


引导的一般疑问句,肯定会的用


must,


否定回答用


needn’t






Must I go there now?



Yes



you must/No, you needn’t



【解析


2

< p>


share


分享;共用






share sth


分享或共用某物


share sth with sb.


与某人分享某物




I hang out with my friends after the movie?


看完电影后我能和朋友们一起闲逛吗?



【解析】


hang out


闲逛





hang up



......


悬挂


/


挂起



14. Could you please pass me the salt?


你能把盐递给我吗?



【解析】


pass




v


给;递;走过;通过






pass


把某物递给某





Pass on


传递





Please pass the paper on to the other students.




v


通过;路过



I pass your home.




v


通过(考试)



;及格



Tom can pass his math exam.


15. Could I borrow that book?


我能借下你那本书看吗、







Could you lend me some money?


你能借我一些钱吗?



【解析】


borrow /lend/keep


(1)borrow


借入



,



from


连用,尤指主语



【借进来





borrow sth from sb.


从某人那里借某物



You can borrow the book from the library.


(2)lend


借出



,



to


搭配



【指借出去】




lend sb sth=lend sth to sb


把某物借给某人


He doesn’t want to lend his book to others.




(3)keep


保留,保存(延续动词,可以与表示一段时间 的状语连用)


【指借一段时间】



16. I cut my finger


and I’m trying not to get it wet.





我的手指割伤了,伤口不能弄湿。



【解析】


try (not) to do sth


努力(不)做某事。




try




v


试图,设法,努力





【拓展】



(1)try on


试穿












(2) try to do sth


努力做某事



【侧重尽力做】














(3) try doing sth


试图做某事



【侧重尝试做】



(4)try one’s best to do sth= do one’s best to do


sth


尽某人最大努力做某事



17. I hate to do chores.


我讨厌做家务。



hate to do sth


讨厌做某事


,


表示某次具体行为或动作。





I hate to trouble him.



hate doing sth


不愿意做某事



表示经常或习惯性行为或动作。





She hates smoking in her room.



I ask you to help me with some chores then?






那我能请求你帮我做些杂活吗?



【解析】


ask sb. to do sth


要求某人做某事。


ask for


请求,要某物





ask sb. about sth


向某人询问关于某事




(1)ask sb. for help


向某人请求帮助






(2) ask sb. (not) to do sth


请求某人做某事




7


ask


构成的短语:



短语



ask sb. to do sth


ask sb. not to do sth


ask sb for sth



ask for help



含义



请某人做某事



不让某人做某事



向某人要某物



寻求帮助



19.I’ll finish my homework while you help me with the dishes.




当你帮我洗盘子的时候,我将完成我的家庭作业。


< p>
【解析


1



finish doing sth


完成某事





Can you finish _reading__ these books before 10 o’clock?—


Yes, I can.


【解析


2



while conj. ―

< p>


……


期间;




……


的时候




While


引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词只能是延续动词。



_While __ the children have fun, parents can take dance lessons on the beach.

< p>
【解析


3



help sb. with sth.


在某事上帮助某人。



【注】


help v


帮助



→ helpful adj.


有帮助的



(1)help sb. do sth. =help sb. with sth.


帮助某人做某事



(2)with the help of



sb.=with one’s help


在某人的帮助之下



(3)without the help of


没有在



的帮助之下




I think reading is very __helpful____(help).




__Without____ your help, we couldn’t catch the thief.



20. Could I invite my friends to a party?


我能邀请我的朋友们来聚会吗?



【解析】


invite sb. to Sp.


邀请某人去某地



【解析】


invite



v → invitation



n


邀请



(1) invite sb. to do sth


邀请某人做某事



(2)invite sb. to +


地点



邀请某人去某地



21.I don’t understand why some parents make their kids help with housework and chores at home.






我不理解为什么有些父母在家让孩子们帮忙做家务和杂务。



【解析】


make sb. do sth


让某人做某事



make → made →made v.


做,



制作,



使得



(1) make sb/sth +


形容词






让某人或某物


…‖



make you happy




(2) make sb/sth do sth


使某人做某事












make me laugh.


Colors can change our moods and make us _feel__ happy or sad, energetic or sleep.








don’t have time to study and do housework



too.






他们也没有时间来学习家务和做家务。



【解析】


have time to do sth.


有时间做某事



have time =be free


有空



23. Housework is a waste of their time.


做家务是在浪费他们的时间。



【解析】


a waste of


浪费






a waste of time


浪费时间







a waste of money


浪费金钱



waste




v ―


浪费





waste time/money on sth waste time / money (in) doing sth


在做某事上花费时间

/


金钱



Don


’t ____waste______water. Can’t you see the sign ―save water‖?



should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and






get into a good university.


为了取得好成绩并考上一所好大学 ,他们应该把时间用在学习上。



【解析


1



spend... on



sth


在某事上花费


......


spend/pay/cost/take


花费



(1)spend→spent→spent v


花费


,


主语是人





sb.+ spend +


时间


/



+on sth






sb. +spend +


时间


/



+



in




doing sth



spend on= pay for


支付




8


He spends too much time on the computer games.



Remember to spend some time _with_ your loved ones, because they’re not going to be aroun


d forever.



My father __spent___ one hundred thousand yuan on his new car.




(2) pay →paid →paid v


支付,主语是人




sb.+ pay +



+for sth







I pay 10 yuan for the book.








How much did you __pay__ for this computer?







Five hundred dollars.


(3) cost→ cost→


cost



v


花费,主语是某物或某事




sth cost sb. +





某物花费某人多少钱




A new computer costs me a lot of money.



I bought a new sweater last weekend. It ___cost_ me 120 yuan.


(4)take→took → taken v


花费




It takes /took sb. some time to do sth.


做某事花费某人多长时间



It takes him 3 hours to do his homework.


【 解析


2



in order to ―


目的是;为了





后接动词原形。



in order to do sth


为了做某事



He ran quickly in order not __to be___ late for the meeting.


【解析


3



get into =enter


进入


< /p>


【拓展】与


get


相关的短语:



get up


起床




get back


返回





get over


克服




get dressed


穿衣




get into


进入







get/be lost


丢失





get off/on

< p>


/


上车



get on well with sb.


与某人相处得好




get out of




出来





get warm


变暧



get ready for +n.




做准备









get ready to do sth.


准备做某事



get well


康复




get a chance


有机会、得到机会



get/go to sleep(fall asleep)


入睡






相关:


(be asleep


睡着


)



,when they get older, they


will have to do housrwork so there’s no need for them to do it now.




而且,当他们长大的时候,他们也将会做家务,因此,他们没必要现在在做。

< p>


【解析】


get older


长大




get/ become/ go


辨析:





get+adj

< br>较多地与形容词比较级连用。



The days are getting longer and longer.




become


强调变化的结果




It's becoming colder and colder.



go+adj.''


表示令人不快的事情




go bad


变坏,


go blind


变瞎,


go hungry


挨饿



26. It is the parents’ job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children.


在家为孩子们提供一


个干净、舒适的环境 是父母的义务。



【解析】


provide sth. for sb.


为某人提供某物



provide v


提供



provide sb. with sth. (sb


前介词用


for) =provide sth for sb.( sth


前需加介词

< br>with)


供应某人某物



相当于:


offer sb. sth. = offer sth to sb.



provide


offer


supply



为应急等做好准备而



提供;



供给



< br>侧重表示



愿意给予




定期



供应


‖ ,


强调替代或补充所需物品



provide sb. with sth. =provide sth for sb.


提供某人某物



Supply sb. with sth=supply sth. to sb.


为某人提供某物



offer sb. sth. = offer sth to sb.


对某人提供某物



offer to do sth


主动提出干某事




The Internet provides us _with__a lot of _information___we need.




—Could you please provide us _with___ some information about the students’ health?





Of course, it’s my pleasure.





27. And anyway, I think doing chores is not so difficult.




无论如何,我认为做家务并不那么难。



【解析】


anyway


无论如何


,



(


一般放在句首,用逗号和句子隔开)



28. I think it is important for children to learn how to do chores and help their parents with housework.



我认为 对孩子们来说,学习如何做杂务并帮助他们的父母做家务是很重要的。



【解析】


It is important for sb. to do sth.


对某人来说做某事是重要的



29. Children these days depend on their parents too much.


现在的孩子太依赖他们的父母。




9


【解析】


depend on


依靠;信赖



——


Shall we go for a picnic tomorrow?


——


Well, it all ___depends on____ the weather.


30.



... Everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy.





每个人都有责任保持家里的干净和整洁。



【解析


1




do one’s part


尽职责;尽本分






Do one’s part in doing sth


在做某事上尽职责



【解析


2



keep +sth /sb. +adj.




使


......


处于某种状态







Her mother asked her to keep the windows __open__ and the door __closed__.



keep



系动词




保持


‖ keep + adj . We must keep healthy.



实义动词




保持;继续




keep ( on ) doing sth


继续做某事




He was in great pain but he kept on working





He kept on __ talking__ after the ball rang for class.








(2) keep sb. Doing sth


让某人一直做某事



I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.



My teacher kept me __doing___ homework all the afternoon.





31. Doing chores helps to develop children’s


independence and teaches themhow to look after themselves.


做杂务不仅可以


培养孩子们的独立性还可以教




他们如何照顾自己。



【解析】


develop independence


培养独立意识










develop v→development n


发展


→developing adj.


发展的


→developed adj.


发达的



a developing country


一个发展中国家


a developed country


一个发达国家


China is a __developing___country.


32.



Since they live in one house with their parents, they should know that everyone should do their part in keeping it clean


and tidy .


既然他们和父母同住在一个房子里,他们应该知道保持家里干净、整洁每个人都应该参 与。



【解析】


since



conj.


既然




(< /p>


表示对方已知的事实或理由,常放在句首)



.



You have been in Neijiang very long?



Yeah. __Since___my parents came here.


33. Our neighbor’s son got into a good college but during his first year, he had n idea how to take care of himself.


我们邻


居的儿子上一所好大学,但是在第一 年的时候,他还不知道如何照顾自己。



take care of


照顾


Thanks for your invi


tation, but I’m so sorry I can’t go. I need to ___take care of___ my baby at home.



【拓展】与


take


相关的短语:



take photos/pictures


照像




take away


拿走



take out


取出


(work out


算出


)








take care


当心


take a walk


散步



take medicine


服药






take place


发生


take one’s temperature


量体温


take one’


s time


别着急
















34. As a result , he often fell ill and his grades dropped.



结果,他常常生病,功课也落下了。



【解析


1



as a result


结果



(插入语,放在句首,用逗号隔开)




Don’t ask him too late into the night, __As a result___ , he is only a small child.



【解析


2



fall ill


生病




fall asleep


入睡



35 .The earlier kids learn to be independent , the better it is for their future.


孩子们越早学会独立,对他们的未来越好。



【解析】


the +


比较级,



the +


比较级







......



...... ‖



The more you smile, the ___ happier____ you will feel.












10


Unit 4 Why don’t you talk to your parents?



Wh


y don’t you talk to your parents?


你为什么不和你打父母谈谈呢?



【解析】


Why don't you do sth ?= Why not do sth?


为什么不


......


呢?



【拓展】用于提建议的句型有:



(1)What about doing sth ?=How about doing sth?



….


怎么样?



(2)Why don’t you do sth?= Why not do sth?


为什么不呢?



(3)Let’s do sth.


让我们一起做某事吧。



(4)Shall we/I do sth?


我们做



好吗?



(5)had better do/not do sth


最好做


/


不做某事



(6) Will/Would you please do sth


请你做



好吗?



(7) Would you like to do sth?


你想去做某事吗?



(8)Would you mind doing sth


?你介意做某事吗?



【回答】



(1).


同意对方的建议时,一般用:





Good idea./ That’s good ide


a.


好主意









Yes, I think so


对,我也这样想




OK/ All right./ Great



/



/


太好了



(2).


对对方的帮助或要求表示委婉谢绝时,一般用:





Yes, please ./ I’d love to


是的


/


我愿意










I don’t think so


我认为不是这样










I agree with you


我同意你的看法




Sorry, I can’t


对不起,我不能





No problem


没问题
























I’d love to, but…























Sure/ Of course/ Certainly


当然可以





I’m afraid…


我愿意,但恐怕


……



I have to study too much so I don’t get enough sleep.


我要学的太多,因此我睡眠不足。



【解析


1



( 1)too many +


复数名词



许多




too many people













(2)too much +


不可数名词



许多



too much homework



(3)much



too +


形容词







much too cold



My parents don’t allow me to hang out with my friends.


我的父母不允许我和我的朋友们出去闲逛。



【解析】


allow sb. to do sth


允许某人做某事




【拓展】


allow



v


允许



allow doing sth


允许做某事









They don’t allow smoking.



allow sb. to do sth


允许某人做某事


My mother allows me to watch TV.


be allowed to do sth


被允许做某事



【拓展】


allow



let


的辨析 :



allow



允许



,表示

< br>―


默许,听任,不加阻止



,< /p>



allow sb to do sth


允许某人做某事。



Let







let sb do sth


让某人做某事, 语意较弱,多用于口语中,


let


不能用于被动语态。



4. What’s wrong?


怎么啦?



【解析】


What’s wrong( with sb./ sth)


(某人


/


物)



怎么了?



I’m really tried because I studied until midnight last night.


我真的很累,因为我昨天晚上一直学习到半夜。



【解析】


until


直到

< p>
......




【解析】


go to sleep


去睡觉



(


强 调



入睡,睡着


这一动作)



7. You look sad, Kim.


金,你看起来很伤心。



【解析】


look


看起来



(系动词,后跟形容词作宾语)



【拓展】


:系动词:后跟


adj.


作表语



一是:



be




am /is /are



be quiet=keep quiet


保持安静



二保持:


stay/keep


(表示持续状态)






stay healthy=keep healthy


保持健康



三变化:


become/get/turn



(表示状态变化)



五起来:


sound/look/smell/taste/feel


(表示感觉)




11




【解析】


call up (v + adv)





call on


拜访;号召


I call up my parents every Sunday.


, I found my sister looking through my things yesterday.



哦,昨天我发现我妹妹翻了我的东西。



【解析


1



find sb. doing sth


发现某人正在做某事


Mr. Wang found Li Dong reading a storybook in the class.


类似动词:


hear


watch, see, feel


【拓展】与


look


相关的短语:



look for











look after=take care of look like










look the same look over









look through



look out










look up look around







look forward to



10. Yes, but I’m still angry with her.


是的,但是我仍然很生她的气。



【解析】


be angry with sb.


生某人的气



【拓展】


angry adj.


生气的


→ angrily adv.


生气地



(1)be angry with sb. =be mad at sb.


对某人生气【

with


后接人】



(2)be angry at/about sth


对某事感到生气




at


后接事】




(3)be angry to do sth


做某事感到生气



gh she’s wrong, It’s not a big deal.


尽管她错了,但也不是什么大错。



【 解析


1



although= though


尽管



,


用来引导让步状语从句。



【注】


though / although


不能与


but


连用



【拓展】


although/however


辨 析




although conj< /p>




虽然;即使;纵然

< br>‖


,引导让步状语从句时放在主句前后都可。



Although he is very old, yet he is quite strong.


他虽然年纪大了,但身体还很健壮。





however adv



在句中作插入语,


起一个连词的作用,


一般用逗号与句子分开,


可以放在句首或句中,


意为



然而,


尽管如此





It’s raining hard, However, I think


we should go out.


雨下的很大。尽管如此,我认为我们还应该出去。


< /p>


【解析


2



It ’s not a big deal.


没什么大不了;不是什么大事(常用于口语中)



You left your homework at home.


你把作业忘在家里了。



【解析】


leave v


遗忘,留下



leave sth . somewhere


把某物忘在某地


leave sb. by oneself


把某人单独留下



12. Hope things work out.


希望事情顺利解决。



【解析


1



hope v


希望





hope to do sth






I hope to visit + that


从句



(表示希望)




I hope that you’ll be better soon



wish v


希望





wish to do sth






I wish to visit Guilin.



wish do sth


希望某人做某事



I wish you to go.


wish +that


从句





表示愿望,从句用虚拟语气





I wish I were you.

< br>【解析


2



work out


解决;成功地发展,后跟


fine,well, badly


等词,表明产生的结果如何。




计算出(答案、数量、价格等)




The math problem is too difficult for me to work out




制定出(计划等)



work out




I have worked out a new way of doing it.




解决;找出



的答案




The government has many problems to work out.




problem is I can’t get on with my favorite.


我的问题是我不能喝我的家人和睦相处。



【解析】


get on with sb.


和某人和睦相处;和某人关系良好



=get along with get on well/ badly with


相处的好


/






12



they argue, it’s like a big, black cloud hanging over our home.


当他们争吵的时候,就像 有一大团乌云笼罩在我


们家。



【解析


1



argue


争吵



→argument n


争论




have an argument with sb.


与某人辩论



argue with sb.


与某人争吵



argue with sb. about sth


为某事与某人争吵


argue about sth


争论某事



argue against


争辩;反对



He argued against the plan


【解析


2




hang over



挂在


......


之上;



悬浮在


......


之上



hang out


闲逛;常去某处


He likes reading and he often hangs out in the bookshop.




hang on to


紧紧抓住



You’d better hang on to me in the crowd.



hang up


挂电话;悬挂




After she finished her conversation


, my elder brother is not very nice to me.


【解析】


elder adj.


年纪较长的




His elder brother is ill.


elder


older


用来表示兄弟姐妹及子女之间的长幼关系,常用作定语



泛指新旧、老幼或年龄的大小关系,可以用作表语,是


old


的比较级形式。



【解析


2



be nice to sb.


对某人友好







be friendly to sb.







be good to sb.


always refuses to let me watch my favorite TV show.


他总是拒绝让我看我最喜欢的电视节目。



【解析】


refuse =say no to



v


拒绝









refuse to do sth


拒绝去做某事



d he watches whatever he wants until late at night.





相反,他却想看什么酒看什么,



一直到深夜。



【解析


1




instead


代替,反而,替




(1) instead



副词,代替,常放在句首或句尾


,


表示前面的 事情没做,而做了后面的事情。



Lee was ill so I went instead.


李病了,所以我去了。




(2) instead of +n/doing


代替,而不是,放在句中



instead of


为介词短语,后面一般接名词、代词、介词短语或动名词形式。



She wrote to him instead of calling him.=She didn’t call him. She wrote to him instead.



她没有给他打电话,而是给他写了封信。




【解析


2





whatever = no matter what


任何,每一



【解析】



offer to do sth


主动提出做某事



【拓展】


offer v


主动给予



(1) offer to do sth


主动提出做某事



(2)offer sb. sth= offer sth to sb.


主动提供给某人某物



ly,why don’t you sit down and communicate with your brother?


其次,


你为什么不能坐下来和你的哥哥交流 一


下呢?



【解析

1



secondly



adv.


第二;其次



【解析


2



communic ate v


交流




communication n


交流;沟通


communicate with sb.


和某人交流



should


explain that you don’t mind him watching TV all the time.


你应该跟他解释说你并不介意他一直看电视。



【解析】


explain


解释;说明



→ explanation n


解释;说明



explain sth to sb.


向某人解释某事。




explain to sb sth


给某人解释某事



21. I’m worried about my school grades.


我很胆小我的学习成绩。



【解析】



be worried about sth.


担心某事



【拓展】


worry v


担心



→ worried adj.


焦急的


worry about = be worried about



……


担心



cousin borrows my things without returning them.


我堂弟借我东西没有还我。



【解析】


return




v


归还


=give backreturn ... to ... = give back to ...



.... ..


还给


......




v


回来;返回



= come back









parents give me a lot of presure about school.


我父母在学习上给了我很多压力。



【解析】


press v


按;压




→pressure


压力




13



⑴不可数名词



(物理学)压力


air pressure


气压




blood pressure


血压



⑵不可数名词



还可指精神上、外界施加的压力



= stress





under pressure


在压力下



24.I have to compete with my classmates at school.


在学校我不得不和我的同学们竞争。



【解析】


compete v


竞争;对抗





competition




n


竞争



compete with sb.


和某人竞争


compete against/ with < /p>



……


竞争


co mpete for



……


参加比赛



【解析】


improve =make ... better


改进




→improvement



n


提高



gives their opinions about the problem?



对于这个问题都有谁提出了他们自己的观点。



【解析】


opinion n


意见;想法;看法


i


n one’s opinion


以某人的观点;在某人看来



give opinions about sth.


给出关于某事的观点。




days


,


Chinese children


are


sometimes


busier


on


weekends


than


weekdays


because


they


have


to


take


so


many


after-school classes .


目前,中国的 孩子有时周末比平常还要忙,因为他们不得不上那么多的课后辅导班。



【解析】


some time /sometime/some times/sometimes


【口诀】


:分开是一段,





合起是某时;




分开


s


是倍次,合起


s


是有时



(1) some time


一段时间,做时间状语


It takes sb. some time to do sth.


做某事花费某人多长时间



(2) sometime adv


在某个时候,



(3) some times


名词词组,

< br>―


几次,几倍


‖Mr. Green went to Sanya some times last summer.



(4)sometimes=at times


有时



(一般现在时的标志词)



28. Others are practicing sports so that they can compete and win.


其他人正在练习体育运动,



这样他们就能参与竞争


并获胜。



【解析】



others



pron.




其他的人或事物


‖There are other ways of doing it.


做这事还有其他的办法。



Taylors are a typical American family.


泰勒一家是一个典型的美国之家。


< p>
【解析


1



The Taylors


泰勒一家






在姓氏的复数前加冠词

< p>
the


表示



全家人或夫 妻两人



,使用时注意主语和谓语


保持 一致。


The Blacks are getting ready for the holiday.


【解析】


typical


典型的




be typical of ―



… …


的特点




30.. Maybe I could cut out a few of their activities, but I believe these activities are important for my children


’s future.



或许我可以减少他们的一些活动,



但是我相信这些活动对孩子们的未来很重要。



【解析】


cut out


删除;删去



(v+adv)






You’d better cut out that sentence.










cut up


切碎



cut down


砍到




cut in


插队




cut off


切断(水、电)供应



31. I really want them to be successful.


我真的很想他们成功。



【解析】


successful


成功的【拓展】



succeed



v


成功,达到



→success



n



成功



→successful



adj


成功的


→successfully adv


成功地






succeed in doing sth



’s time for homework.


该写作业了。



【解析】


It’s time for sth


是到做某事的时候了。


It’s time for lunch.





It’s time to do sth



It’s time to go to school.



In some families, competition starts very young and continues until the kids get older.





在有些 家庭,竞争从孩子们很小的时候就开始了,一直持续到他们长大。



【解析】


continue


继续;持续



【拓展】


continue doing sth =go on doing sth


继续做某事


(

前后做同一件事


)










continue to do sth = go on to do sth


继续做某事(前后不是同一件事)



【 拓展】


continue



go on, last


辨析




continue



v.


继续,持续,指进程在时间或空间上的延续,强调持续不断,有时也可以 指短暂停止后继续进行。



He continue the work for two days.


他连续两天都在做这项工作。





go on


指无间歇或有间歇地继续,或以某种特定方式继续。



go on to do sth


继续做某事,指开始做另外一件事;



go on doing sth


继续做原来所做的事情。



After doing his homework, he went on to preview his lessons.


做完家庭作业之后,他继续去预习他的研究。




14




last



v.


持续,延续,维持,指某事物继续存在或某种现象在时间上延续,说明某一动作要 延续一段时间。



She won’t last long in that job.


那个工作她做不了多久。



s send their small kids to all kinds of classes.


妈妈们把她们的小孩子送去各种各样的辅导班。



【解析


1



send→ sent → sent v


发送




【短语】




send away


赶走




send for


派人去请



send off


寄出






send out


分发




send up


发射


send sb. sth = send sth to sb.


送给某人某物



【注】类似的动词有:


show (


展示;




……



) give (



) lend (


借出


) offer


(提供)



return


(归还)



tell




告诉)



【解析


2



a ll kinds of


各种各样的






【拓展】


kind



(1) n


种类




kind of +adj.


有点,有几分,


kind of cold


有点冷


a kind of


一种的,某种的


all kinds of



各种各样的



different kinds of


不同种类的




What kind of…?


那种




(2) adj.


友好的


be kind to sb. = be good to sb.=be friendly to sb.



对某人友好



【辨析】


kind of



kinds of:


kind of


单独用,表示



有点

< p>


,后接形容词或副词:



He is kind of thin.‖


他有点瘦





I feel kind of hungry.‖


我有点饿





Uncle Wang speaks kind of quickly.


王叔叔说得有点快。




kind of


前有


a, this, that, what

< p>
等,译为



种,种类



后加名词。




That kind of question is difficult to answer.


那类问题难回答。


What kind of sport do you like best?


你最喜欢何种运动?



35..Kids should have time to relax and think for themselves, too.


孩子们也应该有时间放松和独立思考。



【解析】


have time to do sth


有时间做某事




36. And they are always comparing them with other children.


她们总是把自己的孩子和其他的孩子作比较 。



【解析】


compare A with B



A



B


比较






(1)compare…with…




……


与< /p>


…..


做比较






(2) compare…to…



…..


比做


……



37. Doctors s


ay too much pressure is not good for a child’s development.


医生说太多的压力不利于孩子们的发展。< /p>



【解析


1


】< /p>


be good for



..... .


有好处



【拓展】


good ( better best) adj.


好的



→ goodness n


好处;善行



;美德





be good for



….


有益处(反)



be bad for




有害处



be good at +n/doing=do well in +n/doing


擅长于做某事



be good to sb. =be kind to =be friendly to sb.


对某人友好



. Alice Green says all these activities can cause



a lot of stress for children.






爱丽丝


.


格林医生说所有的这些活动可能给孩子们带来很多压力。



【解析】



cause



v.


造成,使发生



(1) cause sb. to do sth


使某人做某事


(2) cause sb. for sb.


给某人添麻烦



【拓展】



cause, reason, excuse


辨析




cause n.


原因,指引起某种 结果的



原因



,后接介词


of.


The cause of the accident was the fact that he was driving too fast.


事故的原因是他开车开的太快。




reason


< br>n.


理由,原因,指决定做某事或采取某项行动的理由。



The reason he was driving so fast was that he didn’t want to miss an important me


eting.


他开车如此快的原因是他不想错


过一个重 要的会议。




excuse



n.


辩解,借口,指对某种行为所做 的解释,可以是真的,也可以是托词。



He made a good excuse for his driving.


他为自己开快车找了一个堂皇的借口。



39. .In my opinion, it is important for children/ parents to ...




我认为,



对于孩子们


/


父母来说,



......


是重要的。



【解析】


in one’s opinion


以某人的观点;



在某人看来



40.



Perhaps children/ parents should / could ......


或许孩子们


/< /p>


父母应该


/


可能


.......


【解析】


perhaps


也许;可能



【拓展】


perhaps



probably

< br>,


possibly



mayb e


辨析




15




p erhaps


意为



也许,可能



,一般指比较小的可能性。



Perhaps I will see him the day after tomorrow, but I am not sure.


也许我后天去看他,不过我不能确定。


< p>


probably



很 可能,大概



,其可能性最大,表示一种几乎完全肯定的意思。



He will probably refuse the offer.


他很可能会拒绝这份提议。



possibly


意为



可能,或许,也许



,可能性较大。



I’ll see you today, or possibly tomorrow.


我今天要见你,不过也可能是明天。




maybe―


或许,大概



,主要用于非正式场合,常用在口语中,语气比


pe rhaps


轻。



Maybe you put the letter in your basket.


或许你把信放在你的篮子里了。



41. It’s crazy.


这是疯狂的。



【解析】


crazy. adj.



不理智的;疯狂的



(


在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语


)









be crazy about



……


着迷 ;热衷于


……






I’m crazy about football.



42. Does Cathy Taylor think it’s important for kids to join after


-school activities?



凯西


.


泰勒认为对于孩子们而言参加课文活动重要吗?



【解析】


It’s + adj.(easy,difficult,important,necessary) +(for sb.) to do sth



【注】若形容词表示事物特征的,如:


easy ,difficult, hard ,important


等,须用介词


for

< br>【形容物,用


for





It’s +adj( kind, honest, friendly, )+(of sb) to do sth.



【注】



若形容词表示人的性格、品质与特点,如:


good ,kind ,nice, wrong


等,用介词


of



【形容人用


of




43.



keep on happening


持续发生



【解析】


keep on doing


继续做某事








keep sb. doing sth


让某人一直做某事







keep up with


跟上



keep sb. from doing sth


阻止某人做某事





keep away from


避开



Mr. Li kept _________(work) here for nearly 30 years.


二、重点语法



1.


情态动词


should



co uld


的用法



should


的用法



should


为情态动词,


表示劝告、


建议,


意为



应该

< p>



它和其他情态动词一样,

没有人称和数的变化,


后接动词原形,


其否定形式为


shouldn’t




Maybe she should say sorry to you.


也许她应该跟你说声对不起。



could


的用法


< br>情态动词


could


既是


can


的过去式,表示过去的能力,又可以表示谨慎、客气的建议,后接动词原形,其否定形式



couldn’t




My grandfather could drive well even at the age of eighty.


我的祖父甚至到了

< p>
80


岁任然能很好地驾车。



You could go out and buy her some medicine.



你可以出去给他买些药。



(





) The girl_____ read before she went to school.A. Could





B. Couldn’t





C. Should





D. May



2.


状语从句






状语从 句就是在句子中作状语的从句。状语从句有好几种,如时间状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、

< p>
结果状语从句、目的状语从句等。本单元重点讲述以下三种类型的状语从句。



1).until


引导的时间状语从句



until


意为


直到;在


........


之前



。注意


until


< br>not.....until


在用法上的区别。



Until


:在带有


till



until


引导的时间状语从句里

< br>


如果主句用肯定式,


其含义是



一直到


……





谓语动词只能用延续性动词。


如 果主句用否定式,


其含义是



直到


……



……‖,


谓语动词可用瞬间动词。



The young man read till the light went ’s wait until the rain stops.



We won’t start until Bob comeDon’t get off until the bus ue in this direction until you see a sign.



一直朝着这个方向走直到你看见一个指示牌。



I didn’t



wake up until I heard the alarm cl


ock.

直到听到闹钟的铃声我才醒来。



2).so that


引导的目的状语从句




16



so that


是连词,意为



为的是,以便



,引导目的状语从句。



注意


so that, in order that



in order to


在用法上的区别。



Let me take down your telephone number so that I can call you later.


让我记下你的号码,为的是以后好打电话给你。



3). although


引导的状语从句



a lthough


的用法意思相当于


though


(尽管,虽然)


,用来引导让步状语从句。它所引导的从句不能与并列连词


but



and




so


等连用,但可以和


yet




still


等词连用。





Although the book was old, we decided to buy it.


尽管这本书很旧,我们还是决定买。






Although he was tired, he went on working.



Although he had only entered the contest for fun, he won first pri ze.


尽管他参加这次竞赛只不过是闹着玩而已,


却赢得了


头等奖。



Unit5 What were you doing wneh the rainstorm came?


过去进行时态





.


用法: ①过去某个时间正在发生的动作



He was cooking at six last night.


昨天晚上六点,他正在做饭。



②过去某段时间正在发生的动作









I was staying here from March to May last year.


去年从


3< /p>


月到


5


月,我一直呆在这里。

< p>




.


与过去进行时连用的时间状语,常见的有



at nine last night/



at that time= then/at this time yesterday



/


或有


when the teacher came in/



while he was reading


的提示






过去进行时的构成:


waswere +


现在分词





过去进行时的四个基本句型











肯定句









He was cooking at six last night.



























否定句









He was not cooking at six last night.










一般疑问句







Was he cooking at six last night?





















两回答









Yes ,he was.



No, he wasn’t.











特殊疑问句








What was he doing at six last night?





过去进行时的固定句型





Jim was reading when the teacher came in.


当老师进来的时候,吉姆正在读书。





Jim was reading while Kate was watching TV


.



在凯特正在看电视的同时,吉姆正在读书。





Jim came in while Kate was watching TV


.



在凯特正在看电视的时候,吉姆进来了。



⑹请比较




He watched TV last night.








(过去时间


last night,


用一般过去时)





He was watching TV at nine last night.




(


过去时间


last night+


点时间


at nine,


用过去进行时


)


【解析


2






at the time of



......


的时候



(常用于过去进行时)



【解析


3



rainstorm n


暴风雨




raincoat


雨衣



raindrop


雨滴



2. My alarm didn’t go off so I ___ up late.


我的闹钟没有响,因此我


____


晚了。



【解析


1

< p>


alarm n


闹钟



an alarm clock


一个闹钟





【解析


2



g o off


发出响声


,


(


闹钟


)


闹响



,离开



The alarm went off just now.


刚才警钟响了



【短语】



go over


复习









go away


离开





go by (


时间


)


过去






go for a walk


出去散步


go fishing/sh opping/skating/swimming


去钓鱼


/< /p>


去买东西


/


去溜冰


/


去游泳



【解析】


heavily adv


在很大程度上




heavy


heavily



adj.


沉重的



adv


沉重地



How heavy are you?


The army lost heavily


形容风大的时候常用


strong/hard,


形容雨雪下得大的时候用


heavily/hard


【注】


heavy



y



i +ly


变为


adv ,


类似的


adj


还有:




17




hungry


hungrily


饥饿的




happy


happily


快乐的




angry


angrily


生气的




lucky


luckily


幸运的




【解析】


miss



v


①错过



(


后接名词、代词或动车


ing




Be quick! Or you will miss the early bus.



②想念;思念





n


< /p>


用于姓名或姓之前,是对未婚女子的称呼,但首字母要大写,


―< /p>


小姐;女生




【解析】


pick up


接电话




pick up


接电话



捡起;拾起



(开车)接某人



学到;获得



Tom, I called you, but you didn’t pick up



I pick up a wallet on my way home


I will pick you up at the station


He was picking up the skills quickly.


6. That’s strange.


真奇怪



【解析】


strange adj.


奇怪的



→strangely



adv


奇怪地



→stranger n


陌生人



be strange to



……


感到陌生



strange


奇怪的



陌生的



It’s strange that she came to the party.



He stands in a stranger street.


7. With no light outside, it felt like midnight.


外面没有一丝光亮,



让人感觉这是在午夜。



【解析


1



with + n +adv


,在句中做伴随状语











with +n +adj.



She can see stars in the dark sky with the window open


【解析


2

< br>】


feel like doing sth = would like/want to do sth


想要做某事




【解析】


report v


报道



→ reporter n


记者



make a report


做报告




weather report


天气预报


give a report


作报告





It’s reported that…


据报道



那么,当暴风雨突然来临的时候,你正在做什么呢?



【解析】


so


的用法:



































无实际意义,表示惊讶或领会,引出后面内容



做语气词




So, you were the first one to enter the classroom.


so




























so + adj./ adv




如此


……‖




The book is so interesting.


作副词





























so + adj./adv +that


从句




He ran so fast that no one could catch up with him.



作连词






























so +


从句





所以





I was ill yesterday, so I didn



t go to school.


























so that +


从句





以便,为了


……‖




I fixed the TV so that we can watch it tonight





【解析


1



I see .


我知道了。



(表示通过别人提醒而明白、了解)



【拓展】



see sb. do sth


看到某人做某事








see sb. doing sth


看到某人正在做某事




18



【解析


2



either




【辨析】


also /too/as well/ either



(1) also


也,用于肯定句句中,用在实义动词之前,系动词、助动词、情态动词之后。




(2) too


也,



用于肯定句句末


(3) either




,通常放于否定句末



’s dad was putting pieces of wood over the windows while his mom wasmaking sure the f


lashlights and radio were


working .




本的爸爸正在把木头块搭在窗户上面,而他的妈妈正在确保手 电筒和收音机能正常使用。



【解析


1



while



......


的时候



【解析


2



make sure


确信;



确保





make sure to do sth








Please make sure to turn off



the



computer when you leave




make sure of











Do you know the time of the train? You’d better make sure of it.







【解析


3



wor k


运转;发挥作用




The madicine doesn’t work.


< /p>


【拓展】


work


有三个意思很容易弄混 :



表示



工 作



,是不可数名词:







He has too much work to do.


他要做的工作太多。






work →worker




.


表示



著作



或< /p>



作品



,是可 数名词,但多用复数:







He has read many of Hemingway’s works.





表示


―< /p>


工厂



,只用复数形式,但可表示单数意 义:



The glass works



=factory)



is [are] near the station.


玻璃工



厂在车站附近。



< br>当雨点开始重重地打在窗户上的时候,本正在帮助他的妈妈做晚饭。


< p>
【解析


1



.beat< /p>



win


辨析



?


beat


?


比赛、竞争对手(如人


或球队等)


?


?


战争


?


获胜,赢得

?


?


win


?

?


奖杯、奖牌


?


?


比赛、游戏


?


?


?

< p>


We beat them by the score of 2 to 1.


我们以


2:1


赢了他们。



Which team won the football match?



哪个对赢了那场足球赛?



【解析


2



heavily


在很大程度上;大量地



【拓展】


heavy adj.


重的(反)



light →



heavily adv


猛烈地



【注】形容雨雪下得大用


heavily/hard


【解析


3





against


倚;碰;撞



⑴表示

< br>―


反对



,其反义词为


for


。若表示



强 烈反对



,一般用副词


strongly









Are you for or against the plan?



你对这个计划是赞成还是反对呢


?< /p>


你对这个计划是赞成还是反对



⑵表示位 置,意为



靠着




顶着



、等:




The


teacher’s


desk is against the wall.


老师的办公桌靠墙放着。






He stood leaning against the tree.


他站着斜靠在墙上



13. Ben could not sleep at first.


起初,本睡不着。




【解析】



at first


首先;最初



【拓展】


(1) at first = at the beginning


最初,开始




【强调在时间顺序或做某事过程等开始之初】



(2) first of all


首先,第一




【表明陈述事情的重要性】



14. He finally fell asleep when the wind was dying down at around 3:00 a.m


在大约凌晨三点逐渐减弱的时候,本 终于睡


着了。



【解析


1




fall asleep


进入梦乡;睡着



【拓展】


sleep / asleep


辨析:




19



(1) sleep =be in bed v


睡觉,指睡的动作状态,



(2) get to sleep =fall asleep


入睡,强调进入睡眠的状态



(3)go to bed


上床睡觉,强调睡觉的动作。



be asleep


fall asleep


强调睡着的状态



强调入睡的动作



The baby is asleep


My father was so tired that he fell asleep quickly



【拓展】


fall asleep, sleep, go to sleep, get to sleep, go to bed


用法区别。




fall


asleep

< p>



连系动词


+


表语



结构,



入睡;睡着



,指进入梦乡,往往含有



不知不觉就睡着了



的意思。


asleep


在此作表语形容词。

< br>


He was just falling asleep when there was a loud knock at the door.



他刚要入睡时,这时传来了响亮的敲门声。





sleep


指睡觉时的一种状态,是一个延续性的动词。



He likes to sleep for an hour in the afternoon.



他喜欢在下午睡上一个小时。





go to sleep


意为



入睡,睡着


‖< /p>


,强调从开始睡到睡着的过程。



I just want to close my eyes and go to sleep as quickly as possible.


我只是想闭上眼睛,尽快地睡上一觉。




get to sleep



go to sleep


意思相近,但它强调的是进入睡眠状态。



She was too excited to get to sleep last night.


她昨晚因太激动而不能入睡。




go to bed―


就寝





上床睡觉



,指上床去睡这个动作,与


get up


相对应。



The students in our school usually get up at six in the morning and go to bed at half past nine in the evening.







我们学校的学生通常早晨六点起床,晚上九点半睡觉。



【解析


2






die down


逐渐变弱;逐渐消失



【拓展】


die down



die out


的用法区别:




指火的熄灭时,用


die down



die out


皆可。



die down


往往指火势由强到弱慢慢熄灭,植物慢慢死亡这一过程;



die out


则指熄灭这一事实,而且不及


die down


用的普遍。



die down:


反映风、声音、愤怒、掌声、战斗等平息下来。



die out:


指家庭、种族、物种、组织、信仰等的消失或消亡。



This kind of bird has died out in the world.


这种鸟已经在世界上灭绝了。



15. When he woke up. the sun was rising


当他醒来的时候,太阳已经升起来了。



【解析


2



rise



增加;提高;增强;上升,升起



rise


raise


升起;上升



举起;提高



主语自身移向较高位置



主语发出的动作作用于其他事物



Price rose gradually


Let’s raise our glasses to Tom.



16. Fallen trees, broken windows and rubbish were everywhere.


到处都是倒下的树,破碎的窗户和 垃圾。



【解析


1

】过去分词做定语



fallen leaves


落叶



【解析


2




everywhere


处处,到处;各个地方



词条



everywhere


somewhere


anywhere



含义



处处;到处;


各个地方



某个地方



任何地方



用法



可用于任何句式



多用于肯定句中



否定句



疑问句



例句



We have many friends everywhere in the world


You can go somewhere you like to.



You can’t go anywhere



Can I go anywhere I choose


17. They joined the neighbors to help clean up the neigh hood together.


他们加入到邻居们中,一起打扫社区。



【解析】



join


加入;参加



【辨析】


join/join in/take part in



join=be a member of



参加



,< /p>


指加入某种组织,并成为其中的一员。



join the army / party


入伍


/








join the club


加入俱乐部





join in


后接活动名称





20





join sb.


加入到某个人群之中



(2) take part in


参加



,指加入群体活动中并在活动中发挥重要作用。



18. turn on the radio


打开收音机



【解析】


turn on


打开(反)


turn off


关掉




we got to the place of the accident, the car was in bad shape from hitting a






tree.


当我们到达事故现场的时候,看到汽车由于撞在了 树上,已经变了些。



【解析】


get to


到达


get → got→ gotten v


得到



【辨析】


get/ reach/ arrive


get to +


地点


=arrive in/at +


地点


=reach+


地 点



get on


上车






get up


起床







get used to


习惯于



get along with sb


与某人相处融洽



get together


相聚



What event happened at the school yesterday?


昨天学校发生了什么事?



【解析】



happen


发生;碰巧(指偶然性发生)



(1)


happen v ―


发生



没有被动语态



,主语是物,强调某事发生的偶然性



a. sth. happen to sb.


某事发生在某人身上


What happened to you?=What was wrong with him?


b. sb. happen to do sth.


某人碰巧做某事




She happened ________(be) out when we called.


(2)take place


发生,指事情有计划有安排地发生


The sports meeting took place in our school last week.


(3) It happened that…


碰巧



realized her bag was still at home.


凯特意识到她的包还在家。



【解析】


realize



v


意识到





realize + n








she didn’t realize her mistake.





realize +


从句






I didn’t realize that you were so unhappy.



21. Robert Allen is now over 50 , but he was a school pupil at that time.


罗柏特。艾伦现在已经


50


多岁了,但那时候他还只是一名小学生。



【解析】



over= more than



超过



22. When the school basketball competition started, Kate was still making her way to school.


当学校篮球比赛开始的时候,


凯特还在 去学校的路上。



【解析】



make one’s way to …


在某人去


……


的路上(当后接地点副词时,应省略介词


t o




23


.Our teacher said, ― Dr. King died just 10 minutes ago.


我们的老师说:< /p>



金先生


10


分 钟前去世了




【解析】一段时间


+ ago


之前,用于一般过去时



24. We were completely surprised!


我们完全震惊了!



【解析】


complete v


完成



adj.


完整的



→completely


彻底地;完全地



parents did not talk after that , and we finished the rest of our dinner in silence.


之后我的父母没再讲话,我们在 沉


默中吃完了晚饭。



【解析】



the rest of … ―


其余的,剩下的


‖ ,


做主语时,其谓语动词的数要与


the rest of


修饰的名词一致。



The rest of meat goes bad. The rest of workers are still working hard.


School closed for the day, and Robert and his friends walked home in silence.


学校停课一天,罗柏特和他的朋友们沉默地走回了家。



【解析】


silence



n


沉默



→ silent


沉默;缄默;无声



in silence


沉默地、无声地



= silently



keep silent


保持沉默



26. More recently , most Americans remember what they were doing when the World Trade Center in New York was taken


down by terrorists.


最近 ,大部分美国人还记得当纽约世贸大楼被恐怖分子袭击的时候自己在做什么。



【解析


1



remem ber to do sth



remember doing sth


的用法区别。






remember to do sth


记得去做某事(此事还未做)



Remember to turn off the light when you leave the room.


当你离开房间的时候记得关灯。






remember doing sth


记得做过某事(此事已做完)



I remember turning off the light when I left the room.


我记得离开房间时关灯了。




21



【 解析


2



take down


拆掉;拆毁



【解析

< br>3



terror n


恐怖



→ terrorist


恐怖分子


be full of terror


充满恐怖



27. I was so scared that I could hardly think clearly after that.



我很害怕以至于后来我几乎无法正常思考。



【解析】


hardly


几乎不;



绝不



and his friends were surprised to hear the news.





罗柏特和他的朋友们听到这则消息感到很吃惊。



【解析


1



be surprised to do sth


做某事很吃惊



【拓展】


surprise v


使吃惊


→surprising adj.


令人吃惊的





→surprised adj.


吃惊的



to one’s surprise


使某人吃惊的是






in surprise


吃惊地




be surprised at



……


感到吃惊



【解析


2



hear


的用法


hear


意为



听见< /p>



,强调听的结果。



【结构】



hear sb. do sth


听见某人做某事;


hear sb. doing sth


听见某人正在做某事



We can often hear some children play on the playgroun d.


我们经常能听见一些孩子在操场上玩耍。



I heard my sister singing an English song in her room when I came back.


当我回来时 ,


我听见我的姐姐正在她的房间里唱


一支英文歌。



hear


也有



听说



之意,这时后接


that


引导的宾语从句。




hear about


意为



听说



,相当于


hear of


,后面接词或短语。



I have heard about/of the story before.



我以前就听说过这个故事。




hear from


意为

< p>


收到


.......


的 来信;有


.......


的消息




=get/receive a letter from.


I haven’t heard from my mother for months.


我已经好几个月没有收到我妈妈的来信了。



Kate di


dn’t think her friend was telling the truth about the event.


凯特认为对于这次事件她朋友没有说出真相。



【解析】


true adj.


真的



→ truly adv.


真地



→truth


实情;事实


to be truth n.


真相



honest = to tell (you) the truth


老实说;说实话



29. I had trouble thinking clearly after that because I was very afraid.


后来由于害怕我无法清晰地思考。



【解析】


trouble n


困难;



苦恼;



忧虑




in trouble


处于困境中




get sb. into trouble


使某人陷入困境




What's the trouble with you ?= What’s the matter with you ?= Wha’t wrong with you ?


你怎么啦?




have trouble



in



doing sth


做某事有麻烦




have problem /difficulty/fun (in) doing sth


做某事有问题


/


困难


/


乐趣






Unit6




An old man tried to move the mountains.


How does the story begin?


故事是怎么发生的?



【解析】


begin





began





begun



v


开始→



beginning n


开始




at the beginning of



……


开始



【拓展】


begin to do sth/ doing sth


开始做某事



A man told yu Gong that he could never do it.


一个人告诉愚公他绝不可能把山移走。



【解析


1



tell sb. that


告诉某人



【辨析】


speak/talk/say/tell



(1)


说某种语言用


speak



speak



English


说英语



(2)


与某人交谈用


talk



talk with sb.= talk to sb.


与某人交谈



(3)


强调说话内容用


say



say it in English


用英语说



(4)


告诉某人用


tell




tell sb. to do sth



告诉某人做某事




22



s ay


“讲,说”


,强调说话内容。


Sa y it in Chinese please




请用汉语说。



He says that he saw the man yesterday




他说昨天我看见这个人了。



say+


说话内容



say to sb.


It is said that...


“据说”



It is said that he could stay under the water for a long time.


据说他能呆在水里很长时间。




speak vt



“说”


“讲”


,其宾语常是某种语言。


speak French


说法语;



speak+


语言






speak to sb.





May I speak to Tom?



talk


“讲、谈论,谈话”是不及物动词,





talk to/ with sb. about sth.


(1)talk about/of


谈论


……



(2)talk to / with




交谈





give a talk


做报告





talk n.


报告)







have a talk


听报告



They are talking about the film




他们正谈论这部电影。


The teacher is talking with Mike




老师正和迈克谈话。




tell


“告诉


,


对?说”


.


作及物动词,




tell the truth


说真话






tell a lie


说谎




tell the time


“报时“






tell a story


讲故事



tell sb. sth.



tell sth. to sb.




tell me a story


tell sb. to do sth



My mother tells me to buy some fruit




tell :


辨别,说出区别






tell A from B


tell the differences between A and B


speak



talk


say



tell


强调开口说话、发言的动作,后跟某种语言做宾语时是及物动词



强调双方说话,为


vi


,后需接介词再加宾语



talk to / with/about


强调说话内容



接双宾语



tell sb. about sth/ tell sb. to do sth. /tell sb. sth


A man saw Yu Gong and his (children/family) when they were working on moving the mountains.


一个人看到愚公和他的(孩子们


/


家人)的时候,他们正在努力地移山。



【解析】


work on


忙于;



从事



【拓展】


work


短语总结:




work on


从事



He is working on a new novel.


Would you like to work for the company?


My sister worked as an actress.


I worked out the math problem.


work for



……


做事



work as


作为


……


工作



work out


解决;算出






As soon as the man finished ( taking/speaking) , Yu Gong said that his family could continue to move the mountains after he


died.


这个人一(说)



完,



愚公就说他死后,他的子子孙孙还可以继续移山。


< p>
【解析


1



as soon as



……


< p>
……



(引导时间状语从句,从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时)



【解析


2




continue doing sth =go on doing sth


继续做某事


(


前后做同一件事


)


continue to do sth = go on to do sth


继续做某事(前后不是同一件事)



Finally , a god was so moved by Yu Gong that he sent (two/three) gods to take the



mountains away.


最 后,神被愚公的精


神感动了,派了(两


/


三个)



神把山移走了。



【解析】



take away



……


带走



This story reminds us that you can never (know / see) what



s possible unless you try to make it happen.

< br>这个故事提醒我们


如果你不尽力去做就不会(知道


/


看见)



什么是可能的。



【解析


1



remind


提醒;使想起



【拓展】


remind =make sb. remember v


使记住




23



【记】


re+ mind






remind


(1) remind of


提醒,使记起





(2) remind sb. of sth


使某人记起某事



(3) remind sb. to do sth


提醒某人去做某事






(4) remind sb. + that


从句



So what do you think about the story of Yu Gong?


你们认为愚公移山的故事怎么样?



【解析】


What do you think about






“你认为


……


怎么样?”

< br>









= What do you think of



? = How do you like



?


(用来询问对方对某人或某事的看法和观点)




What do you think about the new film?


短语



think about


think over


think of



含义



考虑,思考



仔细思考



想取



接代词时位置



代词放在其后



代词放在中间





I



ll think about it and call you back soon.


I have to think it over carefully before I make a decision.


I can



t think of his name right now



Yu Gong found a good way to solve his problem.


愚公找到了一个解决他的问题的好办法。



【解析


1



a good way to do sth.


一个做某事的办法



【解析


2



s olve v


解决





solution n


解决的办法



solve


常与


problem


搭配,表示“解 决问题”


,且问题难度大。








Can you help me solve the problem?


answer


常与


question


搭配,表示“回答问题”




问题难度小。










It



s your turn to answer my question.


Well, I still don



t agree with you.


嗯,我依然不同意你的看法。



【解析】


agree v




(



)disagree




agreement n


同意



(1) agree with sb.


同意某人(



表示同意某人或某人的意见、想法)



I agree with you.


(2) agree on


主要指双方通过协商而取得一致意见或达成协议


We agreed on the price.


(3) agree to

< p>
主要用来表示一方提出一项建议、安排、计划等,另一方同意协作。


We agreed to their arrange



(4) agree to do sth


同意做某事



He agreed to go with us.


10. I think we should try to find other ways to solve a problem.



我认为我们应该试着找其他的方法来解决问题。



【解析】⑴


another




另一个;



另外的



,


泛指三种或三种以上的另一个。




This coat is too small, please show me another one.




others



另一些



,



some


对比使用时,无“其他 ”之意。



Some students are singing others are dancing.




the others



其余的



,


指在一个范围内的其他全部。




Lisa is taller than the others in our class.



the other



另一个



,


指两者中的另一个。









I have two sister, one is a teacher, the other is a doctor.


It doesn



t seem very possible to move a mountain.


移走一座山看起来似乎是不可能的。



【解析】


seem


似乎,好像





seem to be + adj.




(


说明主语的特征或状态


) Mr. Green seemed to be quite happy.




It seems + that


从句


It seems that Mr. Green will not come again .


But the story is trying to show us that anything is possible if you work hard!


但是这个故事是想告诉我们只有你努力,



事皆有可能。



【解析】


show


告诉;阐明;展示 ;给


……




【拓展】


show





showed




shown v





……< /p>


看,出示




/


表明






【短语】




on display = on show


展览,展出





show sb. around


带领某人参观



show off


炫耀
















talk show


脱口秀,谈话节目




But what could Yu Gong do instead of moving the mountains?





但是如果愚公不移山,他能做些什么呢?



【解析】


instead of


代替;反而


instead



副词,代替,放在句末




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