关键词不能为空

当前您在: 主页 > 英语 >

土地管理专业英语1-谭淑豪主编

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-02-01 20:03
tags:

-

2021年2月1日发(作者:解析法)


Lecture


1





Introduction


to


Land


Economics:


Scope


and Content


Raleigh Barlowe. Land resource economics,1986



Land


economics


deals


with


the


economic


relationships


[1]


people have with others respecting land.


It is concerned


with


our


economic


use


of


the


surface


resources


of


the


earth and the physical and biological, technological, and


economic,


and


institutional


factors


that


condition


and


control


our


use


of


these


resources.


As


L.


A.


Salter


once


observed,



Land economics is a social science that deals


with


those


problems


in


which


social


conduct


is


strategically


affected


by


the


physical,


locational


or


property attributes of whole surface unites.





土地经济学是研究人与人之间因为土地而引起的经济关


系的科学。它涉及到人们 对地表资源的利用以及自然的


和生物的、技术的、经济的和制度的因素——它们影响


制约和控制着人们对这些资源的利用。正如伦纳德


A



尔特曾经指出的,


“土地是一门社会科学,它研究 从整体


上受整个地表单元的物质、位置、或财产权性质所影响


的 社会行为



Like


general


economics,


land


economics


is


concerned


with the allocation and use of scarce resources. Its chief


focus


is


on


one


particular


type


of


resource- land


or


real


estate.


But


land


economists


do


not


give


exclusive


attention


to


the


land


factor


for


the


simple


reason


that


land by itself has little economic value until it is used in


conjunction


with


inputs


of


capital,


labor,


and


[2]


management .


Land economics involves a wide variety of


economic


relationships;


but


it


is


always


concerned


with


problems


and


situations


in


which


land,


its


use,


or


its


control


are


regarded


as


factors


of


strategic


or


limiting


importance.


This


factorial


approach


can


be


compared


with


the


attention


given


to


the


factors


of


capital,


labor,


and


management


in


the


fields


of


money


and


banking,


labor economics, and business management, respectively.



同 一般经济学一样,土地经济学也研究稀缺资源的分配


和利用。它重点放在一种特殊类型的 资源:土地或不动


产上。但是,土地经济学家永远不可能把全部注意力只


放到土地要素上,原因很简单,土地要素不同其他生产


要素发生联系就没有什么 经济价值。土地经济学包括多


种经济关系,但它时常关心的是这样一些问题,在这里


土地、土地利用、土地管理等被视为战略性或限制性的


重要因素。这 种要素分析法,可类同于将注意力分别放


到资本、劳力和管理上去的货币银行学,劳动经 济学和


经营管理学。




Land economics: a branch of political economy


土地经济学:政治经济学的一个分支




Land


economics


is


an


applied


branch


of


economics.


Economists


who


work


in


this


area


are


naturally


interested


in


applications


of


economic


theory


to


land


problems.


They


are


concerned


with


the


impacts


of


economic


concepts


such


as


cost,


returns,


prices,


profits,


and value and then make decisions concerning land use.


[3]


At


the


same


time,


the


emphasis


they


give


to


finding


solutions


for


land


and


real


estate


problems


causes


them


to take a very practical position regarding applications of



[4]


economic


concepts


under


real-life


conditions.



Like


nineteenth-century


economist


Richard


Jones,


they


must



look


and


see



.


They


recognize


the


importance


of


economic theory, but they also remember that economic


activity


does


not


match


the


tight


assumptions


often


assumed in economic analysis.


土地经济学一般被视为经济学的一个应用分支。这是由

< p>
于土地经济学家通常对寻求土地和不动产问题的答案比


对发展新的理论更感 兴趣。



由于土地经济学家们工作的


性 质,他们很自然的关心把经济理论应用到土地问题上。


他们关心所有那些经济要素和概念 ,比如成本、收益、


价格、利润以及影响土地经济利用的其他价值形式。同


时,他们对象是生活中经济概念的应用,必须抱着非常


实际的态度。正像十九 世纪经济学家理查德



琼斯所指出


的, 经济学家必须“看并且看透,土地经济学家不能忽


视经济理论的重要性,但要时刻记住经 济活动永远不能


在真空中发生,而且也很少发生在固定的假设之下,而

< br>这些假设经常用于经济分析之中。



Land economics is often characterized by its practical,


[5]


institutional,


and


problem-solving


approach.


In


their


attempt to explain human behavior with respect to land,


land


economists


frequently


find


it


expedient


to


use


working


tools


from


history,


law,


political


science,


psychology, and sociology as well as economics. Similarly,


when they consider land resource problems, they employ


concepts


used


by


business


operators,


geographers,


soil


scientists,


planners,


architects,


engineers,


foresters,


and


geologists.


In


their


use


and


integration


of


these


various


lines


of


thought,


land


economists


often


step


beyond


the


bounds


of


economics


to


operate


as


social


science


land


specialists in the broader field political economy.


土地经济学一起实用性、制度性和解决问题的 方法而


著称。在试图解释与土地有关的人的行为时,土地经济


学 家往往发现应用社会科学中其他学科的概念和其他相


关原理是很有意义的。例如,当他力 图解释某个时间或


行为模式时,往往发现应用历史学、法学、政治学、心


理学和社会学以及经济学的工作方法是很方便的。同样,


当他考虑土地资源问题 时,往往使用实业家、地理学家、


土壤学家、规划师、建筑师、森林学家以及地质学家的


术语。在利用和综合这些各式各样的思维逻辑时,土地


经济学家 往往超出经济学界限,俨然作为政治经济广泛


领域中的社会科学土地专家。




Threefold framework affecting land use


影响土地利用的三重框架




Our


use


of


land


and


real


estate


resources


takes


place


with in a threefold framework. This framework involves


the


impacts


that


(1)


physical


and


biological


factors,


(2)


technological


and


economic


considerations,


and


(3)


institutional


arrangements


have


on


private


and


public


[6]


decisions


to


land


use.



Together,


these


three


sets


of


factors set the limits concerning what individuals, groups,


and


governments


can


accomplish


in


their


development,


utilization, and conservation of land resources.


人们对土地和不动产资源的利用,发生在一个三重框

< p>
架之内。这个框架包括自然物质的和生物的因素、经济


因素和语体地利用有 关的影响和公共决策的制度因素。


这三种因素一起,在既定的土地资源开发、利用和保护


的技术水平条件下,限制了个人、团体、政府所能完成


的工作。



Briefly stated, the


physical and biological framework


is


concerned


with


the


nature


environment


in


which


operators find themselves and with the quantity, nature,


and characteristics of the resources with which they work.


Physical and biological factors provide the physical sites,


support, and raw materials for our activities. At the same


time they provide not only the inanimate resources of the


earth


but


also


the


vegetative,


bacterial,


insect,


fish,


animal, and human resources that bath help and hinder


us


in


our


use


of


land.


This


framework


has


important


effects


on


the


total


supply


of


land


resources


and


the


demands we make of them.


简单的 说,自然物质和生物框架,就是人类所处自然


环境、人们劳动所用的各种资源的本质和特 性而言的。


在该框架中所包含的自然物质和生物因素,为人们提供


了生活所需场所和原料。同时,除了为人们提供地球上


的自然物质资源外,还提供植物 、细菌、昆虫、鱼类和


其它动物以及人力资源,它们即可能对人类有益也可能

< p>
有害。这个框架对于土地资源的总供给和人们对土地资


源的总需求都有很大 的影响。



The


physical


and


biological


framework


sets


definite


limits on what operators can and cannot do in exploiting


and


utilizing


land


resources.


Successful


resource



use


policies


and


programs


must


respect


the


physical


and


biological


limits


of


resource


capability


both


in


the


short


[7]


run


and


over


time.


Unlike


the


situation


in


times


past,


mankind now has the technical ability to deface, pollute,


poison,


and


destroy


significant


portions


of


the


natural


environment.


Tempting


as


the


prospect


of


short-run


benefits


from


some


types


of


resource


exploitation


may


appear, society must be wary of actions that can destroy


fragile and non-replaceable resources or seriously disrupt


normal


ecological


processes.


Those


who


violate


the


ecological


law


of


nature


must


expect


a


lessening


of


the


productive


capacity


of


the


earth


resources


on


which


the


human race depends.


自然物质和生物框架的一个重要的特性是强调维持长


期完美生态关系的必要性。要想获得成功,资源利用政


策必须在自然 物质和生物方面都是完美的,长期政策和


短期政策都如此。


-


-


-


-


-


-


-


-



本文更新与2021-02-01 20:03,由作者提供,不代表本网站立场,转载请注明出处:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao/594811.html

土地管理专业英语1-谭淑豪主编的相关文章

  • 余华爱情经典语录,余华爱情句子

    余华的经典语录——余华《第七天》40、我不怕死,一点都不怕,只怕再也不能看见你——余华《第七天》4可是我再也没遇到一个像福贵这样令我难忘的人了,对自己的经历如此清楚,

    语文
  • 心情低落的图片压抑,心情低落的图片发朋友圈

    心情压抑的图片(心太累没人理解的说说带图片)1、有时候很想找个人倾诉一下,却又不知从何说起,最终是什么也不说,只想快点睡过去,告诉自己,明天就好了。有时候,突然会觉得

    语文
  • 经典古训100句图片大全,古训名言警句

    古代经典励志名言100句译:好的药物味苦但对治病有利;忠言劝诫的话听起来不顺耳却对人的行为有利。3良言一句三冬暖,恶语伤人六月寒。喷泉的高度不会超过它的源头;一个人的事

    语文
  • 关于青春奋斗的名人名言鲁迅,关于青年奋斗的名言鲁迅

    鲁迅名言名句大全励志1、世上本没有路,走的人多了自然便成了路。下面是我整理的鲁迅先生的名言名句大全,希望对你有所帮助!当生存时,还是将遭践踏,将遭删刈,直至于死亡而

    语文
  • 三国群英单机版手游礼包码,三国群英手机单机版攻略

    三国群英传7五神兽洞有什么用那是多一个武将技能。青龙飞升召唤出东方的守护兽,神兽之一的青龙。玄武怒流召唤出北方的守护兽,神兽之一的玄武。白虎傲啸召唤出西方的守护兽,

    语文
  • 不收费的情感挽回专家电话,情感挽回免费咨询

    免费的情感挽回机构(揭秘情感挽回机构骗局)1、牛牛(化名)向上海市公安局金山分局报案,称自己为了挽回与女友的感情,被一家名为“实花教育咨询”的情感咨询机构诈骗4万余元。

    语文