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初一英语重点

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2021-02-01 17:21
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2021年2月1日发(作者:特有)




1


、名词







A



、名词的数







我们知 道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词,


而不可数名词它没有复


数形式,但可数名词却有单数和复数之分,复数的构成如下:







一)< /p>


在后面加


s


。如:


fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas






二)


x, sh, ch, s, tch


后加


es


。如:


boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes,


faxes






三)


1< /p>


)以辅音字母加


y


结尾的变


y



i


再加


es


如:


baby-babies,


family-families,


duty- duties,


comedy-comedies,


documentary-documentaries,


story-stories






2


)以元 音字母加


y


结尾的直接加


s

< p>
。如:


day-days,


boy-boys,


toy-toys,


key-keys, ways






四)以


o


结尾加


s


(外来词)


。如:


radios, photos,


但如是辅音加


o


的加


es


:如


: tomatoes


西红柿


, potatoes


马铃薯







五)以


f



fe


结尾 的变


f



v


再 加


es(s)


。如:


knife- knives,


wife-wives,


half- halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself- yourselves






六)单复数相同(不变的)有:


fish, sheep, deer


鹿子


, Chinese, Japanese






七)一般只有复数,没有单数的有:


people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses,


gloves, clothes, socks






八)单词形式不变,既可以是单数也可以是复数的有:


police


警察局,


警察

< br>, class


班,同学


, family


家,家庭成员







九)合 成的复数一般只加主要名词,多数为后一个单词。如:


action


movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals;


但如果是由


man


< br>woman


所组成的合















< br>man


doctor-men


doctors,


woman


teacher-women teachers






十)


有的单复数意思不同。如:


fish< /p>




fishes


鱼的种类


, paper




papers


报纸,卷子,论文


, work


工作



works


作品,工厂


, glass


玻璃



glasses


玻璃杯,


眼镜


,


orange


桔子水



oranges


橙子


,


light


光线



lights



,


people



peoples




, time


时间



times


时代


,


次数


, chicken


鸡肉



chickens


小鸡







十一)



单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加


s


或’


s



如:


Is (I



s), Ks


(K< /p>



s)


。但如是缩略词则只加

< p>
s


。如:


IDs, VCDs, SARs






十二)



特殊形式的有:


child-children, man- men, woman-women, foot-feet,


mouse- mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen






B


)名词的格







当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时,


我们就要使用所有格形式。< /p>


构成


如下:







一)单 数在后面加’


s


。如:


brother



s, Mike



s, teacher



s






二)复 数以


s


结尾的直接在


s


后加’


,如果不是以


s


结尾的 与单数一样


处理。如:


Teachers




Day


教师节


,


classmates



;


Children



s


Day


六一节


,


Women



s Day


三八节







三)< /p>



and


并列的名词所有时,

< p>
如果是共同所有同一人或物时,


只加最


后一个’< /p>


s



但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理 。


如:


Mike and Ben



s room


迈克和本的房间


(共住一间)



Mike



s and Ben



s rooms


迈克和本的房间


(各


自的房 间)







2


、代词







项目



人称代词



物主代词



指示代词



反身代词






人称



主格



宾格



形容词



名词性






第一人称



单数



I me my mine myself





复数



we us our ours ourselves





第二人称



单数



you you your yours yourself





复数



you you your yours yourselves





第三人称



单数



she her her hers herself





he him his his himself





it it its its this that itself





复数



they them their theirs these those themselves







3


、动词







A




第三人称单数







当动词 是第三人称单数时,动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加


s


,如


下:







一)一般在词后加


s


。如:


comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains






二)在


x, sh, ch, s, tch

< br>后加


es


。如:


watches , washes, wishes, finishes






三)


1< /p>


)以辅音字母加


y


结尾的变


y



i


再加


es


。如:


study-studies,


hurry-hurries, try-tries






2


)以元音字母加


y


结尾的直接加

< p>
s


。如:


plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys






四)以


o


结尾加


es


。如:

does, goes






五)特殊的有:


are-is, have-has






B




现在分词







当我们说某人正在做什么事时,< /p>


动词要使用分词形式,


不能用原形,


构< /p>


成如下:














ing





spell-spelling,


sing-singing,


see-seeing,


train-training, play-playing, hurry- hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing






二)


以不发音


e


的 结尾的去掉


e


再加


ing



如:


dance-dancing, wake- waking,


take-taking, practice- practicing, write-writing, have-having






三)< /p>


以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+一个辅音字母


(注意除开字母


组合如


show



showing, draw-drawing



要双写最后的辅音字母再加


ing



如:


put-putting, run- running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning






四)



ie


结尾的 变


ie



y


再 加


ing



如:


tie-tying




die- dying




lie-lying


位于







4


、形容词的级







我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时,则要使用比较或最高级形


式。构成如下:







一)


< /p>


一般在词后加


er


est(


如果是以


e


结尾则直接加


r



st)


。 如:


greater-greatest,


shorter



shortest,


taller



tallest,


longer



longest,


nicer-


nicest, larger -largest






二)以 重读闭音节结尾且


1


个元音字母+


1< /p>


个辅音字母


(


字母组合除外,

< p>


few-fewer fewest)


结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加


er /est



如:


big-bigger biggest,


red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest






三)



以辅 音字母+


y


结尾的变


y



i



er/est



如:


happy-happier happiest,


sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly),


busy-busier busiest, easy- easier easiest






四)特殊情况:


(

< br>两好多坏,一少老远


)






good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill




worse worst






little-


less


least


old-


older/elder


oldest/eldest


far-


farther/further


farthest/furthest






5


、数词



(


基变序,有规则;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;


其 它后接


th



y


结尾,


变为


i, eth


跟上去。


) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth,


twelfth;


seventh,


tenth,


thirteenth,


hundredth;


twenty-twentieth,


forty- fortieth,


ninety-ninetieth






二、句式







1.


陈述句







肯定陈述句



a) This is a book. (be


动词


)






b) He looks very young. (


连系动词


)






c) I want a sweat like this. (


实义动词


)






d) I can bring some things to school. (


情态动词


)






e) There



s a computer on my desk. (There be


结构


)






否定陈述句



a) These aren



t their books. b) They don



t look nice.






c) Kate doesn



t go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate can



t find her doll.






e) There isn



t a cat here. (=There



s no cat here.)






2.


祈使句







肯定祈使句



a) Please go and ask the man. b) Let



s learn English!






c) Come in, please.






否定祈使句


a) Don



t be late. b) Don



t hurry.






3.


疑问句







1)


一般疑问句



a)


Is


Jim


a


student?


b) Can


I


help


you?


c) Does


she


like


salad?






d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading?






肯定回答


: a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e)


Yes, she is.






否定回答


: a) No, he isn



t. b) No, you can



t. c) No, she doesn



t. d) No,


they don



t. e) No, she isn



t.






2)


选择疑问句



Is the table big or small?


回答



It



s big./ It



s small.






3)


特殊疑问句









问年龄



How old is Lucy? She is twelve.








问种类



What


kind


of


movies


do


you


like?


I


like


action


movies


and


comedies.








问身体状况



How is your uncle? He is well/fine.








问方式



How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.






How do we contact you? My e-mail address is ***.








问原因



Why do you want to join the club?








问时间



What



s the time? (=What time is it?) It



s a quarter to ten a.m..






What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o



clock.






When do you want to go? Let



s go at 7:00.








问地方



Where



s my backpack? It



s under the table.








问颜色



What color are they? They are light blue.






What



s your favourite color? It



s black.








问人物



Who



s that? It



s my sister.






Who is the boy in blue? My brother.






Who isn



t at school? Peter and Emma.






Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?








问东西



What



s this/that (in English)? It



s a pencil case.






What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries


and hamburgers.






11


问姓名



What



s your aunt



s name? Her name is Helen./She



s Helen.






What



s your first name? My first name



s Ben.






What



s your family name? My family name



s Smith.






12


问哪一个



Which do you like? I like one in the box.






13


问字母



What letter is it? It



s big D/small f.






14


问价格



How much are these pants? They



re 15 dollars.






15


问电话号码



What



s your phone number? It



s 576-8349.






16


问谓语


(


动作


) What



s he doing? He



s watching TV.






17


问职业


(


身份


) What do you do? I



m a teacher.






What



s your father? He



s a doctor.






三、时态







1



一般现在时



表示普遍、

< br>经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时,


它有:







Be


动词:


She

< br>’


s a worker. Is she a worker? She isn



t a worker.






情态动词:


I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I can



t play the


piano.






行为动词:


They


want


to


eat


some


tomatoes.


Do


they


want


to


eat


any


tomatoes? They don



t want to eat any tomatoes.






Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn



t have a


watch.






2



现在进行时



表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态,


结构

-


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