关键词不能为空

当前您在: 主页 > 英语 >

英语语法形容词、副词比较级和最高级的用法

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-02-01 17:20
tags:

-

2021年2月1日发(作者:的自述)



轻松掌握形容词、副词比较级和最高级的用法



淮北市杜集区杜集区张庄中学


LY





▲语法



形容词和副词比较等级的用法







一.概念




英语中大多数形容词和副词都有三个等级:原级、比较级和最高级。原级即


原形;比较级 表示“较??”



“更??”


;最高级 表示“最??”


。少数形容


词和副词只有原形,没有比较级和最 高级。如


right(


正确的


), wrong , woolen(



毛制的

)


等。






二.比较级和最高级的构成——< /p>


有一下几种情况










㈠规则变化的




又分两种情况:














单音节和少数双音节的变化规则



< /p>


一般是比较级加


-er



er



[-


?


]


;最高级加


-est



-est



[-ist]

< br>。分①“直接加”


;②“变


y


加 ”


;③“双写加”三种情况。


具体如下:



①直接在词尾加


-er, -est




tall


taller, tallest; long



longer, longest

















原词以


e


结尾时直接加


-r, -st


。如


nicer



n icer, nicest; fine



finer, finest














②以“辅音字母


+ y


”的,变


y



i

< p>
再加


-er, -est




easy



easier, easiest
















early



earlier, earliest; funny



funnier, funniest














③有些需要双写最后一个辅音字母在加


-er


, -est



如“胖瘦大热红伤湿”等。

















fat



fatter, fattest;




thin



thinner, thinnest;




big



bigger, biggest;





hot



hotter, hottest;







red



redder, reddest;





sad



sadder, saddest






wet



wetter, wettest














多音节和部分双音节的变化规则



< /p>


比较级是在原形前加


more


;最高级是 在原


形前加


most


。如:

< p>
















interesting



more interesting, most interesting
















beautiful



more beautiful, most beautiful
















slowly



more slowly, most slowly














㈡不规则变化的




要分别单独记忆,常见的有“多少好坏老远”等。



















































many/much









little(


少的


)










good/well











bad/badly/ill








more








less[les]







better










worse[w


?


: s]









most



least[li:st]


best


worst[w


?


: st]


oldest/eldest


farthest/furthest












old































far























三.用法与句型



older/elder








farther/further
















㈠比较级的用法和句型




















比较级一般用于两者(或两方)之间的比较。主要句型如下:



















A




.



B more.



例:


1



Bob is tall. Mike is taller.







2



A


car runs fast. A


train runs faster.



--------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------




1



轻松掌握形容词、副词比较级和最高级的用法



淮北市杜集区杜集区张庄中学


LY







B more than A



例:


1



Mike is taller than Bob (is).


2



A


train runs faster than a car.















Who/Which



more



, A or B?


例:


1



Who is taller, Mike or Bob?






2



Which of them is taller, Mike or Bob?






3



Which runs faster, a car or a train?


说明:



①此句型中

< br>who


指人;


which


一般指 物。


但后跟


of


短语时必须用


which


代替


who


指人(因为


who


后不能跟


of


短语)


,如例


2


)< /p>











②此句型中的


or

< br>不可改为


and















more and more


句型




“比较级



+ and +


(同一个)


比较级”< /p>


句型。


此句型表示


“越来越??”



如果是用


more


帮助构成的比较级,只重复


more




例:



1



Our life is better and better.





















2



Y


ou look more and more beautiful.


*



The more



, the more



句型











具体结构:


The +


比较级



+


一个句子,


the +


另一比较级



+


一个句子。





















表示“越??越??“。



例:


The harder you study, the better grades you will get.



㈡最高级的用法和句型




















最高级一般用于三者(或三者以上)之间的比较。主要句型如下:















A



.



B more.



C the most.
















例:< /p>


1



Bob is tall. Mike is taller. John is the tallest.



2



A


car runs fast. A


train runs faster. A


plane runs (the) fastest.















the most + of +


范围;或



the most + in +


范围

















例:


1


)< /p>


John is the tallest of the students.























比较:


John is the tallest in the class.





















2



China is the largest of the countries.























比较:


China is the largest in the world.

















说明:当主语和范围


属于“同类概念”


时要 用介词


of


;当主语和范围


不属


于“同类概念”


时则用介词


in

< p>
。如例


1


)中第一个句子,我们可以说

< p>
主语


John


是学生,后面的范围也是学生,属于 “同类概念”


,所以


用介词


of


。而第二个句子主语


John


是学生,后面的 范围是班级,不


属于“同类概念”


,所以用介词


in






Who/Which



the most



, A, B or C?


例:


1



Who is tallest, Mike, Bob or John?






2



Which of them is tallest, Mike, Bob or John?


3



Which runs fastest, a car, a train or a plane?




one of the most



--------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------




2


< /p>


轻松掌握形容词、


副词比较级和最高级的用法


淮北市杜集区


LY







例:


This is one of the most interesting books.



㈢原级的用法和句型









原级即原形,一般不用于比较,如:


My bother is very


tall and thin.


但也可用



as



as


句型


,


在两者(或两方)之间进行比较。具体句型如下:



⑴肯定式:


A as + adj./adv. + as B




A



B


一样??







例:< /p>


1



Mike is as tall as Bob (is).



Mike



Bob


一样高。





2



He draws as well as the teacher (does).



他和老师画得一样好。



⑵否定式:


A not so/as + adj/adv. + as B




A


不如


B


??





要注意译法,决不可译为:


A



B


不一样??× !



















例:


1


)< /p>


Bob is so/as tall as Mike (is).



Bob


没有


Mike


高。





















2



He doesn



t so/as well as the teacher (does).



他没有老师画得好。

















说明:①当


as .. as


句型是否定式时,第一个


as


通常可以改用< /p>


so


(见上面)



但肯定式不可以。
























as



as


句型中间有时还可以插入名词,其顺序为:


as + adj.+ a/an


+n .+ as


。如


Japanese is (not) as difficult a language as Chinese.


*


四.值得注意的问题



㈠使用比较级句型时要准确抓住比较部分,弄清是什么和什么作比较。


(有时 不能


单从汉语字面上去判断,要根据意义!有时还要改变句型)












例:


1


)他 比我胖。


He is fatter than me.
















2


)他比我的性格更外向。


He is more outgoing than me(mine


×


).
















3


)他的书法比我好。


His handwriting is better than mine(me


×


).















4


)他的朋友比我多



His friends are more than mine.


×




He has more friends than me.

















5


)我们今年学的科目比去年多。



We learn more subjects this year than (we did) last year.
















6


)他们班的女生比我们的女生活泼。





















The girls in their class are more active than the girls in our class.
















7


)他们班的女生比我们的女生多。





















The girls in their class are more than the girls in our class.


×




















There are more girls in their class than (there are) in our class.




㈡比较级的范围要排斥主语;最高级的范围要包含主语



⑴比较级范围要排斥主语,以避免与自身比较。需要排斥时可用


oth er



else



例:


1


)比较:



可以说


John is stronger than any girl in his class.




不可说


Tina is stronger than any girl in her class.


×




























Tina is stronger than any other girl in her class.















2



She is thinner than anyone in her class.


×


















She is thinner than anyone else in her class.





⑵与比较级句型相反,最高级的范围必须包含主语。



例:


1


)比较:



不可说


John


is the strongest of


the girls


in his class.


×


















--------------- -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- ---




















3

-


-


-


-


-


-


-


-



本文更新与2021-02-01 17:20,由作者提供,不代表本网站立场,转载请注明出处:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao/594042.html

英语语法形容词、副词比较级和最高级的用法的相关文章