-
轻松掌握形容词、副词比较级和最高级的用法
淮北市杜集区杜集区张庄中学
LY
▲语法
形容词和副词比较等级的用法
一.概念
英语中大多数形容词和副词都有三个等级:原级、比较级和最高级。原级即
原形;比较级
表示“较??”
,
“更??”
;最高级
表示“最??”
。少数形容
词和副词只有原形,没有比较级和最
高级。如
right(
正确的
),
wrong , woolen(
羊
毛制的
)
等。
二.比较级和最高级的构成——<
/p>
有一下几种情况
㈠规则变化的
又分两种情况:
⑴
单音节和少数双音节的变化规则
<
/p>
一般是比较级加
-er
,
er
发
[-
?
]
;最高级加
-est
,
p>
-est
发
[-ist]
< br>。分①“直接加”
;②“变
y
加
”
;③“双写加”三种情况。
具体如下:
①直接在词尾加
-er, -est
。
如
tall
—
taller, tallest; long
—
longer, longest
原词以
e
结尾时直接加
-r, -st
。如
nicer
—
n
icer, nicest; fine
—
finer,
finest
②以“辅音字母
+ y
”的,变
y
为
i
再加
-er, -est
。
如
easy
—
easier,
easiest
early
—
earlier,
earliest; funny
—
funnier,
funniest
③有些需要双写最后一个辅音字母在加
-er
,
-est
。
如“胖瘦大热红伤湿”等。
fat
—
fatter,
fattest;
thin
—
thinner,
thinnest;
big
—
bigger,
biggest;
hot
—
hotter,
hottest;
red
—
redder,
reddest;
sad
—
sadder,
saddest
wet
—
wetter,
wettest
⑵
多音节和部分双音节的变化规则
<
/p>
比较级是在原形前加
more
;最高级是
在原
形前加
most
。如:
interesting
—
more
interesting, most interesting
beautiful
—
more
beautiful, most beautiful
slowly
—
more
slowly, most slowly
㈡不规则变化的
要分别单独记忆,常见的有“多少好坏老远”等。
many/much
little(
少的
)
good/well
bad/badly/ill
more
less[les]
better
worse[w
?
: s]
most
least[li:st]
best
worst[w
?
: st]
oldest/eldest
farthest/furthest
old
far
三.用法与句型
older/elder
farther/further
㈠比较级的用法和句型
比较级一般用于两者(或两方)之间的比较。主要句型如下:
⑴
A
…
.
B more.
例:
1
)
Bob is
tall. Mike is taller.
2
)
A
car runs fast. A
train runs faster.
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------
1
轻松掌握形容词、副词比较级和最高级的用法
淮北市杜集区杜集区张庄中学
LY
⑵
B more than A
例:
1
)
Mike is taller
than Bob (is).
2
)
A
train runs faster than a car.
⑶
Who/Which
…
more
…
, A or B?
例:
1
)
Who is taller,
Mike or Bob?
2
)
Which of them
is taller, Mike or Bob?
3
)
Which runs
faster, a car or a train?
说明:
①此句型中
< br>who
指人;
which
一般指
物。
但后跟
of
短语时必须用
which
代替
who
指人(因为
who
后不能跟
of
短语)
,如例
2
)<
/p>
。
②此句型中的
or
< br>不可改为
and
。
⑷
more and
more
句型
即
“比较级
+ and +
(同一个)
比较级”<
/p>
句型。
此句型表示
“越来越??”
。
如果是用
more
帮助构成的比较级,只重复
more
。
例:
1
)
Our life is
better and better.
2
)
Y
ou
look more and more beautiful.
*
⑸
The more
…
, the more
…
句型
具体结构:
The +
比较级
+
一个句子,
the +
另一比较级
+
一个句子。
表示“越??越??“。
例:
The harder you study, the
better grades you will get.
㈡最高级的用法和句型
p>
最高级一般用于三者(或三者以上)之间的比较。主要句型如下:
⑴
A
…
.
B more.
C the
most.
例:<
/p>
1
)
Bob is tall.
Mike is taller. John is the tallest.
2
)
A
car runs fast. A
train runs faster.
A
plane runs (the) fastest.
⑵
the most + of +
范围;或
the most +
in +
范围
例:
1
)<
/p>
John is the tallest of the students.
比较:
John is the
tallest in the class.
2
)
China is the
largest of the countries.
比较:
China is the largest in
the world.
p>
说明:当主语和范围
属于“同类概念”
时要
用介词
of
;当主语和范围
不属
p>
于“同类概念”
时则用介词
in
。如例
1
)中第一个句子,我们可以说
主语
John
是学生,后面的范围也是学生,属于
“同类概念”
,所以
用介词
of
。而第二个句子主语
John
是学生,后面的
范围是班级,不
属于“同类概念”
,所以用介词
in
。
⑶
Who/Which
…
the
most
…
, A, B or C?
例:
1
)
Who is
tallest, Mike, Bob or John?
2
)
Which of them
is tallest, Mike, Bob or John?
3
)
Which runs
fastest, a car, a train or a plane?
⑷
one of the most
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------
2
<
/p>
轻松掌握形容词、
副词比较级和最高级的用法
淮北市杜集区
LY
例:
This is one of
the most interesting books.
㈢原级的用法和句型
原级即原形,一般不用于比较,如:
My bother is
very
tall and thin.
但也可用
于
as
…
as
句型
,
在两者(或两方)之间进行比较。具体句型如下:
⑴肯定式:
A as + adj./adv. + as B
A
和
p>
B
一样??
例:<
/p>
1
)
Mike is as tall
as Bob (is).
Mike
和
Bob
一样高。
2
)
He draws as
well as the teacher (does).
他和老师画得一样好。
⑵否定式:
A not so/as + adj/adv.
+ as B
A
不如
B
??
√
要注意译法,决不可译为:
A
和
B
不一样??×
!
!
!
例:
1
)<
/p>
Bob is so/as tall as Mike (is).
Bob
没有
Mike
高。
2
)
He
doesn
’
t so/as well as the
teacher (does).
他没有老师画得好。
说明:①当
as .. as
句型是否定式时,第一个
as
通常可以改用<
/p>
so
(见上面)
,
但肯定式不可以。
②
as
…
as
句型中间有时还可以插入名词,其顺序为:
as +
adj.+ a/an
+n .+ as
。如
Japanese is (not) as
difficult a language as Chinese.
*
四.值得注意的问题
㈠使用比较级句型时要准确抓住比较部分,弄清是什么和什么作比较。
(有时
不能
单从汉语字面上去判断,要根据意义!有时还要改变句型)
例:
1
)他
比我胖。
He is fatter than me.
2
)他比我的性格更外向。
He is
more outgoing than
me(mine
×
).
3
)他的书法比我好。
His
handwriting is better than
mine(me
×
).
p>
4
)他的朋友比我多
。
His friends are more than
mine.
×
→
He has more friends than
me.
√
5
)我们今年学的科目比去年多。
We learn more subjects this year than
(we did) last year.
6
)他们班的女生比我们的女生活泼。
The girls in
their class are more active than the girls in our
class.
7
)他们班的女生比我们的女生多。
The girls in
their class are more than the girls in our class.
×
→
There are more girls in
their class than (there are) in our class.
√
㈡比较级的范围要排斥主语;最高级的范围要包含主语
⑴比较级范围要排斥主语,以避免与自身比较。需要排斥时可用
oth
er
或
else
。
例:
1
)比较:
可以说
John is stronger
than any girl in his class.
√
不可说
Tina is stronger than any
girl in her class.
×
→
Tina is stronger than any
other girl in her class.
√
2
)
She is thinner
than anyone in her class.
×
→
She
is thinner than anyone else in her class.
√
⑵与比较级句型相反,最高级的范围必须包含主语。
例:
1
)比较:
不可说
John
is the
strongest of
the girls
in
his class.
×
---------------
--------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
---
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
上一篇:10首经典圣诞歌曲
下一篇:寒假补习讲义七年级下册英语考点归纳