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初一英语词类语法点总结

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2021-02-01 17:19
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2021年2月1日发(作者:phytomer)


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龙文教育一对一个性化学案



























学生姓名:





学案编号



19





第一部分




上节课作业讲解、在家背记情况




第二部分




词类语法点巩固



名词:


复数的变化规则



1.


一般情况下,直接加


s


,如:


book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed- beds.



2.



s



x


sh



ch


结尾,加


es


,如:


bus-buses, box- boxes, watch-watches.



3.


以辅音字母加


y


结尾,变

y



i,


再加

< br>es


,如:


family-families, hobby-hobbies.



4.



f



fe


结尾,变


f



fe


v,


再加


es


,如:


thief-thieves, knife-knives.


5.



o


结尾,加< /p>


es


,如:


mango- mangoes.















s


,如:


radio- radios



photo-photos.


6.


不规则变化,如:


man- men, woman-women, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth.



7.


不可数名词有


:bread, juice, tea, coffee, water, rice


等。


(


不可数名词相对应的


be


动词是


is/was)


不规则变化


:


man-men





















woman-women







policeman-policemen



policewoman-policewomen







mouse-mice









child-children











foot-feet



















tooth-teeth











fish-fish








people-people


















Chinese-Chinese






Japanese-Japanese



Englishman-Englishmen










Frenchman-Frenchmen




deer-deer





goose-geese



















man teacher- men teachers



woman teacher-women teachers







apple tree- apple trees




名词所有格:



表示人或物品


所属关系


时,就需要使用名词所有格。名词所有格的构成有以下规则:< /p>



1.


一般情况下,在名词的末尾加


’s


构成。如:


Tom’s book



2.



-


s”


结尾的复数名词的所有格 ,只在其末尾加



。如:


our teachers’ books



3.


表示几个人共同拥有的东西时,只在最后一个名字上加所有格。






如:


Su Hai and Su Yang’s bedroom




冠词:


a, an


< br>the


的用法



1.



an umbrella, an uncle, an unpleasant trip, an unusual boy, an ugly girl, an MP3



2.



a uniform, a university, a unit, a UFO, a useful book, a European country



3.



an hour, an honest boy


4.



an “a”( e, f, h, i, l, m, n, o, r, s, x)



, a “b”( c, d, g, j, k, p, q, t, u, v, w, y, z)



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5.



a


one-year-old baby,


an


eight- year-old boy,


an


eleven- year-old girl



6.



(


无冠词


)Children’s Day, May Day, the Spring Festival



7.




I lost


the


book I bought last week.



Is it


a


black one?


8.



Do you know


the


boy next to Mary /


the


man in white?




形容词


.


副词的比较级:



1.



An elephant is


(very, quite, so, too) big(


原级


).


2.



A friend of mine is as


heavy(


原级


)


as me.





He is not so/ as


tall(


原级


)


as her.


3.



much+


比较级


, more+


原级


: He is


much fatter


that her.






He is


much more confident


than her.


4.


一些特殊的句型:



1




Jim is


the taller


of the two (boys).


2




Our school is


much


(


far/ still/ even/ a lot/a little


)


(


比较级


)



more beautiful


than yours.


3




The


earli


er


,


the



better


.


4




When summer comes, the weather gets


hotter and hotter


.


5




If you do sports every day, you will become


healthier and healthier


.


6




Today English is becoming


more and more


important.


7




He is


2 kilos


heavi


er



than


I am.


8




Paris is


one of the liveliest


citi


es


in the world.


10) .The Yellow River is the


second longest r


iver in China.(


序数词


+


最高级


)



不规则的比较级和最高级



原级



good (


好的


)



well (


健康的


)


bad (


坏的


)




ill (


有病的


)


old


many



much (


多的


)


little (


少的


)


far (


远的


)









比较级



better


worse


older



(elder)


more


less


farther



(further)


best


worst


oldest



(eldest)


most


least


farthest(furthest)


最高级



基数词和序数词:



--first, two--second, three--third, five--fifth, nine-- ninth,



twelve--twelfth, twenty-twentieth, forty-one--forty- first.



序数词前一定要加


the.


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基数词变成序数词的方法:




1


)直接在基数词词尾加上


th









如:< /p>


seventh


第七,


tenth


第十,


thirteenth


第十三;




2


)以


y


结尾的基数词,变

< p>
y



ie


,再加上


th


,如:


twentieth


第二十


.



3



不规则变化,


如:


first


第一


, second


第二,



third


第三,


fifth


第五,



eighth


第八,








ninth


第九,


twelfth


第十二


.



4



基数词



几十几



变为序数词时,


表示



几十



的基数词不变 ,


只把表示





的基数词


变成序数词,如


twen ty-first


第二十一。



3.


序数词的缩略形式是由阿拉伯数字和序数词的最后两个字母构成的,





如:


1


st


, 2


nd


, 3


rd


, 4


th





代词


:



1.


人称代词的五种基本形式:



形容词性



人称



第一



人称



第二



人称



单复数




























I


we


you


you


he


第三



人称













she


it


they







物主代词



me


us


you


you


him


her


it


them


my


our


your


your


his


her


its


their


物主代词



mine


ours


yours


yours


his


hers


its


theirs


myself


ourselves


yourself


yourselves


himself


herself


itself


themselves


名词性



反身代词



2.


人称代词的基本用法:



主格:用作句 子的主语,放在动词前(疑问句式放在特殊动词后);



e.g





She lives in Toronto, Canada.


Does he speak English?


宾格:用作句子的宾语,放在动词或介词后;



e.g





Yesterday my mother bought me a new bike.


I usually go to movies with her on weekends.


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形容词性物主代词:用作句子的定语,之后必须带名词;



e.g



This is my book. That’s his book.



名词性物主 代词相当于一个名词词组


,


之后不能带名词

(其代换的名词需在前文中出现)




e.g



His book is much newer than mine(= my book).


反身代词:一般放在动词后,要求同主语人称一致。



e.g




She teaches herself English.


介词


:


in


的用法:



1.


用在某范围或某空间内,如:


in the desk


2.


在一段时间内,如:


in the morning


3.


以,用


……


方式,如:


in English


in< /p>



on


的区别:



树上长出来的用


on,


不是树上长出来 的则用


in




in, on, at


的区别:



in, on, at


都可以用来放在时间前面,但是


in


后面一般是


morning



afternoon



< /p>


evening,


月份


.


年份


.


季节或者指某一段时间内;

on


用在具体某一天,如:


on


Sunday


morning



at


一般用在某个假期期间(不是指具体的某一天),它还可以用在 具体的时


间,如:


at Spring Festival, at five o’clock.



小学英语教材中出现的介词有:



in,


on,


from,


of,


by,


about,


for,


under,


behind,


after,


before,


with,


near,


off,


at,


to,


around,


nearby


等。



课堂练习:



1.


写出下列名词的复数形式



zoo__________sheep __________thief __________woman__________



mouse__________ box __________peach__________ boy __________

family__________photo__________foot__________lea f__________


German__________goose______ ____dress_________sandwich_________


str awberry__________tomato__________potato__________t ooth _________


Englishman __________child __________deer__________


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