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高考英语一轮复习——比较用法（附答案）
I.
考点分析
英语中大多数形容词和副词
都能用于比较，当它们表示“比较
……”
或
“
最
……”
的意义时要采用
特殊的形式，前者称为比较级
,
后者称为最高级，原来的形式称为原级。
一、形容词、副词比较级和最高级的规则形式
1
．
形容词
比较级的规则形式有两种：
一是有原级加词尾
er
；一是在原级前加
more
。形容词最高级
的规则形式也有两种：一是有原级加词尾
est
；一是在原级前加
most
。例如：
原级
small
big
early
gay
wide
free
foolish
beautiful
比较级
smaller
bigger
earlier
gayer
wider
freer
more
foolish
more beautiful
最高级
smallest
biggest
earliest
gayest
widest
freest
most foolish
most beautiful
单音节词多采用
er
和
est
形式；三音节
或三音节以上的词采用
more
和
mo
st
形式；双音节词既可
采用
er
和
est
形式，也可采用
< br>more
和
most
形式，这里
虽无绝对规定，但下列词多用
er
和
e
st
形式，
如：
happy (happier, happiest)
pretty (prettier, prettiest)
narrow
(narrower, narrowest)
shallow (shallower, shallowest)
注意：在有些词后加了
er
和
est
以后，读音有所改变，
:
如：<
/p>
young
//
younger
youngest
strong, long,
pure
purer
purest
clever, tender, dear,
simple
simpler
simplest
humble,
lovable,
2
．副词比较级和最高级的规则形式
副词比较级和最高级的规则形式和形容词比较级和最高级的规则形式相似。一般地说，单
音节词
常用
er
和
est
形式，而以
ly
结尾的以及
一些表示频度的时间副词多半用加
more
和
< br>most
的形式。例
如：
原级
hard
soon
carefully
seldom
二、形容词、副词比较级和最高级的不规则形式
有少数形容词和副词的比较级和最高级形式是不规则的，如：
原级
bad/ill
good/well
old
far
much/many
比较级
worse
better
older/elder
farther/further
more
最高级
worst
best
oldest/eldest
farthest/furthest
most
比较级
harder
sooner
more carefully
more seldom
最高级
hardest
soonest
most carefully
most seldom
little
few
三、比较结构
1.
as
＋形容词或副词＋
as
Jack
is as tall as Jill.
less
fewer/less
least
fewest/least
否定用
not as
…
as ( not so
…
as )
London is
not so(as) modern as New York.
2.
形容词或副词的比较级＋
than
In all cultures, some people are more
free with their hands than others.
否定用
less
…
than
也可以，但不及用
not as(so)
…
as
的场合多。
Mary is
less careful than Jane. / Mary is not as(so)
careful as Jane.
Bill speaks French
less well than he writes it. / Bill speaks French
worse than he writes it.
3.
(the)
＋形容词或副词的最高级＋比较范围
It
’
s the most
interesting book I
’
ve ever
read.
Who is the most senior officer
present?
He works hardest of all.
否定可以用
the least
…
：
但是这种用法几乎常被反义词的最高级形式所替代，试比较：
This is the least difficult book
I
’
ve ever read. / This is
the most uninteresting book
I
’
ve ever read.
4. more and
more
结构
这是一种形容词或副词
的比较级
+and+
形容词或副词的比较级构成的结构，或者是
more and more+
形
容词
或副词的原级，含义是“越来越”
。
He felt he began to see things more and
more clearly.
The town is getting
bigger and bigger.
5. the more
…
the more
…
结构
<
/p>
这个结构的构成是
the+
形容词或副词
的比较级
…
the+
形容词或副词的
比较级，
通常前者相当于一个程
度状语分句，后者为主句，含义
是“越
……
就越
……
< br>.
”
。这种结构的特点是前后都可以有所省略，也
能采用倒装语序。
The quicker
you get ready, the sooner
we
’
ll be able to leave.
The less she worried, the better she
worked.
The more grain we produce, the
greater will be our achievement.
The
more air there is
inside the tyre,
the harder it is
pressed
together, and so
the harder
it pushes
on the
inside of the tyre.
四、比较结构中的省略问题
比较结构
通常总有些成分被省略，
或是在分句中省略某些与主句相同的部分，
或是省略在特定上下文
或情景中某些不言而喻的部分。
1.
最高级比较结构中的省略
在最高级比较结构中，有两种省略：一是在一定上下文中省略比较范围，这比较常见，如：<
/p>
Which do you think is the
prettiest?
Who lives nearest to school?
2.
省略形容词最高级后面的名词中心词，如：
These are our juiciest (oranges) today.
I
’
m sorry,
they
’
re the sweetest
(oranges) we
’
ve got, we
don
’
t have any more.
3.
有一种表示“极，最”意义的最高级结构，并不和其他事
物相比，因而也就不存在省略问题，如：
I have
not the slightest idea that he will come.
Please accept my deepest gratitude.
I shall do it with the greatest
pleasure.
4. as
…
as
和
more
than
比较结构中的省略
1)
在分句中省略了谓语的全部：
He
is bigger than the boy we saw yesterday.
Cast iron is as useful as steel.
It
’
s prettier
than mine.
2)
在分句中省略了谓语的一部分：
The end of the movie
wasn
’
t as good as the
beginning was.
Mars is farther from the
earth than the moon is.
Mary has known
Peter better than she has (known) John.
Wasn
’
t anybody
later than we were?
3)
有时在分句
中以替代词
do
的某个形式代替主句的谓语部分：
George writes as neatly as John
does.
They bought fewer books than the
others did.
分句中的主语和替代词
do
也可采用倒装的形式
:
Some
people have no doubt that their cat understands as
many words as does a dog.
Nobody did
more for education in this country than did the
late Mr. Green.
4)
在分句中省略了主语和谓语的大部分，只剩下一个修饰成分：
The roads are much quieter here than in
London.
Things are no better than
before.
It
’
s
raining harder than ever.
It
’
s a pity the
weather isn
’
t as good as
last time.
He is better than (he was)
when I last visited him.
注意：如果比较结构表示的是比
较少见的不同物质之间的比较，分句通常就不可以采取省略的形式：
He is not so wise as he is witty.
The girl was as brilliant
as she was beautiful.
This bookcase is
wider than it is tall.
五、有关比较结构的几点补充说明
1.
前面讲的三种比较结构都具有相对性，可以交替使用。
He is more capable than I. = I am not
so capable as he.
George did more work
than anyone else. = George did the most.
I like nothing better. =
It
’
s the best thing I like.
It can
’
t be
worse. = It
’
s the worst
thing I ever knew.
Nothing in my life
shook me so deeply as this first visit to China. =
What shook me most in my life was my
first visit to China.
2.
形容词比较结构与名词搭配时的词序问题。
< br>在
as
…
as
< br>或
more
than
结构中，如果出现名词，通常将名词置于比较结构中。
I haven
’
t seen as
old a car as this for years.
I
can
’
t drink as sweet coffee
as this.
There are more intelligent men
than John.
但有时也将名词置于比较结构之前。
I haven
’
t seen a
car as old as this for years.
I
can
’
t drink coffee as sweet
as this.
There are men more intelligent
than John.
3.
比较结构的修饰语
修饰
as
…
as
结构的有：
nearly, almost, exactly, twice, (three)
times, not nearly, not half, nothing like, by no
means, nowhere near,
quite
等词，这些修饰语无一例外地置于
as
…
as
结构之前。
修饰
more
than
结构的有：
far, even, many,
much, still, a lot, a (little) bit, rather,
slightly, (three) times, not
any
等词，这些修饰语一般置于
more
than
结构之前。
修饰最高级结构的有：
by far, much,
easily, nearly, almost, not quite, not really, by
no means, nothing like,
nowhere near,
nest, second, third, yet,
ever
等，这些修饰语位置各有不同，可前，可中，可后。
４
.
当
more than
结构表示“与其
说不如说”时，它实质上不能算是比较结构。
He is
more big than strong.
I was more
annoyed than worried when they
didn
’
t come home.
这种句子肯定前者，与
less
than
恰好相反。
He was
less hurt than frightened. (=He was more
frightened than hurt.)
当
more
than
表示“不止是：时，也不是比较结构。
My trip to Beijing was more than
sightseeing.
He is more than happy
about it.
He more than complained: he
threw the whole book of rules at me.
此外，诸如
as far as the Great
Wall, as far back as the
16
th
century, as recently as
May 14
th
等搭配中的
as
…
as
结构也是这种情况。
注意：
１
.
注意区分
most
的用法。
当
most
做
”
非常的
”
讲时，
前面不
用
the
，
但可用
a: She is
most beautiful.
He
is a most learned man.
２
.
注意
as much of a
…
as,
more of a
…
than, less of a
…
than
的用法
:
It was much of a success as
I had hoped.
He is more of a sportsman than his
brother.
He is less of a fool than I thought he
was.
３
.
有些形容词直接表示了
比较的意思，如
superior to, inferior to,
advantage over
等。
４
.
有些形容词因为逻辑上的考虑，一般没有比较级或最高级
，如：
perfect,
complete,
round,
wooden,
dead.
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