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形容词和副词讲解和习题练习 含答案

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2021-02-01 16:54
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2021年2月1日发(作者:pinocchio)


高中英语——


形容词和副词



一、考点、热点回顾



形容词



1


、形容词的一般用法




1



.

< br>作定语,一般放在所修饰词的前面。



It



s a cold and windy day.



2.


)作表 语,放在系动词的后面。


(look, feel, smell, sound



.)


He looks happy today.



3.


) 形容词修饰


something



an ything



nothing



everything


等复合不定代词时,须放在其后。

< p>


Would you like something hot to drink




4.


)表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词,应放在相应的名词之后。



How long is the river




It



s about two hundred metres long.



5.


)只能作表语的形容词:


afraid



alone



asleep

< br>;


awake



alive



well


健康的;


ill



frightened


The man is ill.


(正)



The ill man is my uncle.


(误)


< br>(


6.


)只能作定语的形容词:


little


小的;


only


唯一的;


wooden


木质的;


woolen< /p>


羊毛质的;


elder


年长




My elder brother is in Beijing.


(正)



My brother is elder.


(误)




7



.

< br>貌似副词的形容词:


lonely


friendly



lively



lovely




2


、形容词常用句型




1



.


It



s +adj.+of+ sb.+


不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”


< p>
=Sb +be +adj+to do sth


注意:这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词,如


good



kind



nice



polite



clever



foolish



lazy



careful



careless



right


(正确的)


< p>
wrong


等。



It



s very kind of you to help me.



=You are very kind to help me.



< p>


2



.



It



s+adj.+fo r+sb.+


不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”



=To do sth is adj for sb .


注意: 这一句型中常用的形容词有


important



necessary



difficult



easy



hard



dangerous



safe



useful



pleasant



interest ing



impossible


等。< /p>



It



s not easy for them to learn a foreign language.



=To learn a foreign language is not easy for them.




3



.


表示感情或情绪的形容词, 如


glad



pleased



sad



thank ful


等常接不定式。



I



m very sad to hear the bad news.



4.



表示能力和意志的形容词,


ready


(乐意的,


有准备的)



able


(有能力的)


< p>
sure


(一定)



ce rtain


(一定)等常接不定式。



Lei Feng is always ready to help others.


He is sure to get to school on time.


副词




1


、副词的分类



副词按词汇意义可分为:



方式副词:


well



fast

< br>,


slowly



carefu lly



quickly


程度副词:


very



much

< br>,


enough



almost



rather


quite


地点副词:


here



there



out



somewhere



ab road



home


时间副词:


today



early

< br>,


soon



now

< p>


then



recen tly



still


频度副词:


always



often



usually



some times



seldom



never


否定副词:


no

< br>,


not



neither



nor


疑问副词:

where



how


< p>
why


其他:


also



too



only


2


、副词的基本用法:



(1).


副词是用来修饰形容词、其他副词


,


一般放在被修饰词之前


.


He plays the piano very well .


(2).


副 词是用来修饰动词


,


常放在动词之后


.


He got up quickly


(3).enough


修饰


adj /adv


< p>
,


放在其后


.


He is old enough to go to school .


3


、常见副词用法辨析



(1).already



yet

< br>的区别



already


用于肯 定句句中,表示“已经”



yet


用于 否定句句末,表示“还”


,用于疑问句句末,表示


“已经”



He had_____left when I called.



Have you found your ruler______




(2) very



much



very much.


的区别



very


用于修饰形容词或副词的原级;


much

< p>
用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级;修饰动词要用


very


much.


John is ____ honest.


This garden is_____ bigger than that one.


Thank you _____.


(3.)so



such


的区别


1)so


修饰形容词或副词;


such


修饰名词,


My brotherruns so fast that I can



t follow him.


He is such a boy.


2)so+

< p>
形容词


+a/an+


可数名词单数



such+a/an+


形容词


+


可数名词单数



such+


形容词


+


可数名词复数


/


不可数名词



He is ___ clever a boy.=He is ____ a clever boy.


It is____cold weather.



They are _____good students.





3)


名词前有


many ,much, few ,little (


少量的


)



so


不用


such .(


多多少少仍用


so)




little


表示




小的





such.


There are ___ little sheep on the hill .


(4).also



too



a s well



either


的区别



also



as well

< p>


too



用于肯定句,


also


常用于


be

< br>动词,


情态动词,


助动词之后,


行为动词之前;


as well



to o


用于句末;


either


用于否定句 中,置于句末。



例如,


My father is a teacher. My mother is ____a teacher.


=My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher ______.


=My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher



_____.


I can



t speak French


……



Jenny can



t speak French



_____.


(5) .sometime



sometimes


some time



some times


的区别



sometime


:表示将来的或过去的某一个不确定的时间。



sometimes


:有时,不时的


= at times



some time


:一段时间



some times


:几次,几倍



We



ll have a test ______next month.


_____ we are busy and sometimes we are not.


He stayed in Beijing for _____ last year.


I have been to Beijing ______.


(6).ago

< br>与


before


的区别



ago


表示以现在为起点的“以前”


,常与一 般过去时连用,不可以单独使用。



before


指过去或将来的某时刻“以前”


,也可泛指以前,常和完成时连用,可以单独 使用。



I saw him ten minutes _______.


He told me that he had seen the film______.


(7).now



just



just now


的区别



now


:与一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时连用,意为“现在”



just


:与现在完成时连用,表示“刚……”



just now


:和过去时连用,表示“刚才”



Where does he live______




We have _______ seen the film.



He was here______.



(8).lonely / alone


的区别



1).alone


独自一人


/


没有同伴


,


既可作


adj


也可作


adv.


2).lonely


表示孤独


,


寂寞


,


也可修饰地点


,


表示荒凉


,


偏僻的,常与


feel


连用。



3).alone


只作表语



(



a


开头的形容词一般只作表语


,


不作定语


)



lo nely


既可作表语


,


也可作定语< /p>


)



He lives _____ on a _____ island .



He is _____ ,but he doesn



t feel ______.


(9).fast /quickly /soon


的区别


.



fast


表示速度之快



quickly


表示动作之快



soon


表示时间之快




I’


m leaving home this afternoon . Really ? Why so ______?












形容词,副词的比较级、最高级




1


、规则变化



(1).


一般在词尾直接加


er


或< /p>


est




tall-taller- tallest



long-longer-longest


(2.)


以不发音的字母


e

< p>
结尾的单词在词尾直接加


r


st





nice-nicer-nicest


(3).


以辅音字母


+y


结尾的词,把


y


变为


i


,再加

er



est


< br>


heavy-heavier-heaviest


( 4).


重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写这个辅音字母,再加

< br>er



est




big-bigger-biggest



:



,< /p>



,


湿


,



,



,

< p>


,



.


双写末辅再变级


.



big/ red/wet/hot/sad/thin/fat



< /p>


(5).


部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加


more


构成比较级和


most


构成最高级,



beautiful-more


beautiful-most beautiful



:


表示否定意义在其前加


less /least




important----less important----least important



English is more interesting than Chinese =Chinese is less interesting than English .


(6.)




“形容词


+ly



构成的副词


,


在其前加


more/ most



slowly---more slowly---- most slowly


;但


early



earlier---earliest




2


、不规则变化



原级



good/well


many/much


little


old


bad/badly/ill


far


比较级



better


more


less


old / elder


worse


farther (


距离


)/furt her


(程度)



最高级



best


most


least


old /eldest


worst


farthest



/furthest


< p>
下列单、双音节词只能加


more



most


原级



like(


想似的


)


real(


真的


)


tired


pleased


often


比较级



more like


more real


more tired


more pleased


more often


最高级



most like


most real



most tired



most pleased


most often



:


形容词


,


副词同形有


: back , high , well ,fast, early, late ,straight




3.


形容词,副词等级的用法




1



、原级的用法



1).


只能修饰原级的词,


very



quite



so



too


He is too tired to walk on.



My brother runs so fast that I can



t follow him.





2.)


原级常用的句型结构



A= B-----A+ as +adj / adv


的原级


+ as +B






表示




A< /p>



B


一样




Tom is as old as Kate.


Tom runs as fast as Mike.


< /p>


A



B---


A +not+as/so+


形容词原级


+as+B


表示




A< /p>


不如


B





This room is not as/so big as that one.



He doesn



t walk as slowly as you.



4


、比较级的用法



(1).


可以修饰比较级的词


.


much



a lot



far


,…的多


a little



a bit


,…一点儿


even


甚至,


still

< p>
仍然



Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two. Tom looks even younger than before.





(2.)


比较级常用的句型结构




“甲


+


形容 词


/


副词的比较级


+than+


乙”表示“甲比乙…”



Tom is taller than Kate.



I got up earlier than my mother this morning.



5.


最高级的用法



1).


结构


: the +


最高级


+ of +


人或物


( in +


地点


)



He is the tallest of all the boys


-


-


-


-


-


-


-


-



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