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高中英语——
形容词和副词
一、考点、热点回顾
形容词
1
、形容词的一般用法
(
1
)
.
< br>作定语,一般放在所修饰词的前面。
It
’
s a cold and
windy day.
(
2.
)作表
语,放在系动词的后面。
(look, feel, smell,
sound
…
.)
He looks
happy today.
(
3.
)
形容词修饰
something
,
an
ything
,
nothing
,
p>
everything
等复合不定代词时,须放在其后。
Would you like something hot to
drink
?
(
4.
)表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词,应放在相应的名词之后。
How long is the
river
?
It
’
s about two
hundred metres long.
(
5.
)只能作表语的形容词:
afraid
;
alone
;
asleep
< br>;
awake
;
alive
p>
;
well
健康的;
ill
;
frightened
The man is
ill.
(正)
The ill
man is my uncle.
(误)
< br>(
6.
)只能作定语的形容词:
little
小的;
only
唯一的;
wooden
木质的;
woolen<
/p>
羊毛质的;
elder
年长
的
My elder brother is
in Beijing.
(正)
My
brother is elder.
(误)
(
7
)
.
< br>貌似副词的形容词:
lonely
;
friendly
;
lively
;
lovely
2
、形容词常用句型
(
1
)
.
“
It
’
s +adj.+of+
sb.+
不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”
。
=Sb +be +adj+to do sth
注意:这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词,如
good
,
kind
,
nice
p>
,
polite
,
clever
,
foolish
,
lazy
,
careful
,
careless
,
right
(正确的)
,
wrong
等。
It
’
s very kind of
you to help me.
(
=You are
very kind to help me.
)
(
2
)
.
“
It
’
s+adj.+fo
r+sb.+
不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”
。
p>
=To do sth is adj for sb .
注意:
这一句型中常用的形容词有
important
,
necessary
,
difficult
,
easy
,
hard
,
dangerous
,
safe
,
useful
,
pleasant
,
interest
ing
,
impossible
等。<
/p>
It
’
s
not easy for them to learn a foreign
language.
(
=To learn a
foreign language is not easy for
them.
)
(
3
)
.
表示感情或情绪的形容词,
如
glad
,
pleased
,
sad
,
thank
ful
等常接不定式。
I
’
m very sad to
hear the bad news.
(
4.
)
表示能力和意志的形容词,
如
ready
(乐意的,
有准备的)
,
able
(有能力的)
,
sure
(一定)
,
ce
rtain
(一定)等常接不定式。
Lei Feng is always ready to help
others.
He is sure to get to school on
time.
副词
1
、副词的分类
副词按词汇意义可分为:
方式副词:
well
,
fast
< br>,
slowly
,
carefu
lly
,
quickly
程度副词:
very
,
much
< br>,
enough
,
almost
,
rather
,
quite
地点副词:
here
,
there
,
out
,
somewhere
,
ab
road
,
home
时间副词:
p>
today
,
early
< br>,
soon
,
now
,
then
,
recen
tly
,
still
频度副词:
p>
always
,
often
,
usually
,
some
times
,
seldom
,
never
否定副词:
no
< br>,
not
,
neither
p>
,
nor
疑问副词:
where
,
how
,
why
其他:
also
,
too
,
only
2
、副词的基本用法:
(1).
副词是用来修饰形容词、其他副词
,
一般放在被修饰词之前
.
He plays
the piano very well .
(2).
副
词是用来修饰动词
,
常放在动词之后
.
He got up quickly
(3).enough
修饰
adj /adv
时
,
放在其后
.
He
is old enough to go to school .
3
、常见副词用法辨析
(1).already
与
yet
< br>的区别
already
用于肯
定句句中,表示“已经”
;
yet
用于
否定句句末,表示“还”
,用于疑问句句末,表示
“已经”
p>
He had_____left when I
called.
Have you found your
ruler______
?
(2)
very
,
much
和
very much.
的区别
very
用于修饰形容词或副词的原级;
much
用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级;修饰动词要用
very
much.
John is ____ honest.
This garden is_____ bigger than that
one.
Thank you _____.
(3.)so
与
such
的区别
1)so
修饰形容词或副词;
such
修饰名词,
My brotherruns so fast
that I can
’
t follow him.
He is such a boy.
2)so+
形容词
+a/an+
可数名词单数
such+a/an+
形容词
+
可数名词单数
such+
形容词
+
可数名词复数
/
不可数名词
He is ___
clever a boy.=He is ____ a clever boy.
It is____cold weather.
They are _____good students.
3)
名词前有
many ,much,
few ,little (
少量的
)
用
so
不用
such
.(
多多少少仍用
so)
但
little
表示
“
小的
”
用
such.
There are
___ little sheep on the hill .
(4).also
,
too
,
a
s well
与
either
的区别
also
,
as well
,
too
,
用于肯定句,
also
常用于
be
< br>动词,
情态动词,
助动词之后,
行为动词之前;
as well
,
to
o
用于句末;
either
用于否定句
中,置于句末。
例如,
My
father is a teacher. My mother is ____a teacher.
=My father is a teacher. My mother is a
teacher ______.
=My father is a
teacher. My mother is a
teacher
,
_____.
I
can
’
t speak
French
……
Jenny
can
’
t speak
French
,
_____.
(5)
.sometime
,
sometimes
,
some time
与
some
times
的区别
sometime
:表示将来的或过去的某一个不确定的时间。
sometimes
:有时,不时的
=
at times
some
time
:一段时间
some
times
:几次,几倍
We
’
ll have a test
______next month.
_____ we are busy and
sometimes we are not.
He stayed in
Beijing for _____ last year.
I have
been to Beijing ______.
(6).ago
< br>与
before
的区别
ago
表示以现在为起点的“以前”
,常与一
般过去时连用,不可以单独使用。
before
指过去或将来的某时刻“以前”
,也可泛指以前,常和完成时连用,可以单独
使用。
I saw him ten minutes
_______.
He told me that he had seen
the film______.
(7).now
,
just
与
just
now
的区别
now
:与一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时连用,意为“现在”
just
:与现在完成时连用,表示“刚……”
just
now
:和过去时连用,表示“刚才”
Where does he
live______
?
We
have _______ seen the film.
He was here______.
(8).lonely / alone
的区别
1).alone
独自一人
/
没有同伴
,
既可作
adj
也可作
adv.
2).lonely
表示孤独
,
寂寞
,
也可修饰地点
,
表示荒凉
,
偏僻的,常与
feel
连用。
3).alone
只作表语
(
以
a
开头的形容词一般只作表语
,
p>
不作定语
)
而
lo
nely
既可作表语
,
也可作定语<
/p>
)
He lives _____
on a _____ island .
He is
_____ ,but he doesn
’
t feel
______.
(9).fast /quickly /soon
的区别
.
fast
表示速度之快
quickly
表示动作之快
soon
表示时间之快
I’
m leaving home
this afternoon . Really ? Why so ______?
形容词,副词的比较级、最高级
1
、规则变化
(1).
一般在词尾直接加
er
或<
/p>
est
,
tall-taller-
tallest
,
long-longer-longest
(2.)
以不发音的字母
e
结尾的单词在词尾直接加
r
或
st
,
nice-nicer-nicest
(3).
以辅音字母
+y
结尾的词,把
y
变为
i
,再加
er
或
est
,
< br>
heavy-heavier-heaviest
(
4).
重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写这个辅音字母,再加
< br>er
或
est
,
big-bigger-biggest
注
:
大
,<
/p>
红
,
湿
,
热
,
悲
,
瘦
,
胖
.
双写末辅再变级
.
(
big/
red/wet/hot/sad/thin/fat
)
<
/p>
(5).
部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加
more
构成比较级和
most
构成最高级,
beautiful-more
beautiful-most beautiful
注
p>
:
表示否定意义在其前加
less
/least
important----less important----least
important
English is more
interesting than Chinese =Chinese is less
interesting than English .
(6.)
由
“形容词
+ly
”
构成的副词
,
在其前加
more/ most
slowly---more slowly----
most slowly
;但
early
—
earlier---earliest
2
、不规则变化
原级
good/well
many/much
little
old
bad/badly/ill
far
比较级
better
more
less
old / elder
worse
farther (
距离
)/furt
her
(程度)
最高级
best
most
least
old
/eldest
worst
farthest
/furthest
下列单、双音节词只能加
more
和
most
原级
like(
想似的
)
real(
真的
)
tired
pleased
often
比较级
more like
more real
more tired
more pleased
more often
最高级
most like
most real
most tired
most pleased
most often
注
:
形容词
,
副词同形有
: back , high , well
,fast, early, late ,straight
3.
形容词,副词等级的用法
(
1
)
、原级的用法
1).
只能修饰原级的词,
very
,
quite
,
so
,
too
He is too tired to walk on.
My brother runs so fast that I
can
’
t follow him.
2.)
原级常用的句型结构
A= B-----A+ as +adj /
adv
的原级
+ as +B
表示
“
A<
/p>
和
B
一样
”
p>
Tom is as old as Kate.
Tom runs as fast as Mike.
<
/p>
A
<
B---
A
+not+as/so+
形容词原级
+as+B
表示
“
A<
/p>
不如
B
…
”
p>
This room is not as/so big as
that one.
He
doesn
’
t walk as slowly as
you.
4
、比较级的用法
(1).
可以修饰比较级的词
.
much
,
a lot
,
far
,…的多
a
little
,
a bit
,…一点儿
even
甚至,
still
仍然
Lesson One is much
easier than Lesson Two. Tom looks even younger
than before.
(2.)
比较级常用的句型结构
“甲
+
形容
词
/
副词的比较级
+than+
乙”表示“甲比乙…”
Tom is
taller than Kate.
I got up
earlier than my mother this morning.
5.
最高级的用法
1).
结构
: the
+
最高级
+ of
+
人或物
( in
+
地点
)
He is the tallest of all the boys
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