-
.
a
dj
的比较级和
最高级的用法
*
形容词比较级和最高级的构成
1.
规则形式
构成方法
+er/ +est
原极
比较级
最高级
quiet-
quieter-quietest
bright-brighter-
brightest
clever-cleverer-cleverest
cold-colder-coldest, clean
不
发音
e
结尾，
fine--
finer
—
finest nice--nicer
--nicest
加
+ r/ +st
close--closer--closest
white--whiter--whitest
large--larger--largest
cute
late
wide
brave
重
读
闭
音
节
单
词，双写结尾辅
音
字
母
，
再
加
-er
，
-est
hot--hotter--hottest
wet--wetter--wettest
fat-
fatter-fattest
thin--thinner--
thinnest
big--bigger--biggest
slim-slimmer-slimmest
sad--
sadder--saddest
red--
redder
—
reddest
mad-madder
单音节词和少数
双音节词
辅音字母
+y
结
easy
--easier--easiest
heavy
tidy
empty
尾的词，改
y
为
busy
i
，<
/p>
再加
er/est
。
sunny dry cloudy snowy rainy
windy tasty
funny happy lucky
healthy friendly early,
pretty, happy
lazy early
多音节词和部分
双音节词
词前加
more
和
mos
t.
beautiful-more beautiful-the most
beautiful
interesting,
delicious,
careful,
exciting,
important
necessary difficult
2.
不规则形式
good /well
－
better
－
best(
两
)
好
bad /badly/ill<
/p>
－
worse
－
worst
坏
/
病
many /much
－
more
－
most(
两
)
多
little
－
less
－
least few
－
fewer
－
f
ewest
少
far
farther
－
farthest
(
距离远）
old
older
－
oldest
（年长的）
远
further
－
furthest
（程度深）
老
elder
－
eldest
（资格老的
*
形容词比较级和最高级的用法
1.
表示同级比较，
用
“
as+
形容词原级＋
as
”
;
“
not as(so)+
形容词原级
＋
as
”
2.
表示两者的比较
，用
“
形容词的比较级＋
than....
”
There
are
fewer
hours
of
sunlight
in
winter
than
in
summer. He
is
slimmer
than I .
.
.
She plays
ping-pong better than I (do).
（与主句相同的部分通常省略）
3.
表示两者中较
/
更
…
的一个，
用
the+
比较级
，
而且还用
of
the
two,
of
the
pair
短语：
John is the cleverer of the two boys.
Of the two boys, John is
the cleverer.
The larger one of the two is my
hometown. I have two sons, the fatter
one is Max.
4.
比较级前用
much, far,
a lot, a bit, a little ,even, still, any
来修饰
。
表
“
..
得多
”
,
“
甚至
...
”
,
“
...
一些
< br>”
。
”
This room is much brighter than that
one.
I
’
m
spending a lot more time on English than before. <
/p>
5.
倍数的表示
，倍数＋
as+
原极
+as
…
Beijing is ten times as big as my
hometown. This room is twice as big
as mine.
6.
用
“
比较级
+and+
比
较级
”
的结构，译为
“
越来越
…”
The
weather is getting colder and colder. The city
is becoming more and
more beautiful.
7.
用
“
t
he+
比较级，
the +
比较级
”
的结构，译为
“
越
…
(
就
)<
/p>
越
…
=if
从句
The higher the
ground, the cooler the air. The more , the
better
The harder you work, the more
successful you will be
8.
前后比较对象要一致
.
My
news is more exciting than yours
The
climate of Kunming is better than that of Beijing.
（
√
）
The population of Shanghai is larger
than that of Tianjin.
比较对象是可数复数
...than those/the
ones...
可数单数
.... than that
/ the one.....
不可数名词
....than that
< br>9.
两者之间选择比较
，用
Which is +
比较级
,A
or B ? eg:Which is heavier, an elephant or
a
pig?
10.
表示两者以上
的比较
，用
“
the+
形容词最高级
....
＋
of
(in, among
…
)...
”<
/p>
或
(that) I have
ever done/seen
This
is
the
happiest
day
in
my
life.
Mary
is
the
best
singer
in
our
class.
This is the most
difficult homework (that) I have ever done.
.
.
in+
团体
/
范围
/
项目。
如
in
China,
in
the
world.,
in
my
class,in
the
competition
among/of+
参加比较的对象
,
即个体名词复数形式。
of/among
them(three)
Of all the movies, I think
this is the worst.
Among them,
Changsha is the nearest city to Guangzhou.
11. the +adj
最高级，有
my/Tom
’
s
等时，省略
the.
his ninth/ happiest
birthday
Tom
’
s best friend
12.
“
one of
the+
最高级
”
< br>表示
“
最
…
之一
”
，形容词后的名词用复数形式。
Mr. Green is one of the most popular
teacher
s
in our school.
13. The+
序数词
+
最高级：
“
第几最
...
..
”
Huanghe River
is the second longest river in China. He is the
third
tallest boy in Class One.
14. a/an+
最高级
,
表示
“
非常
”
的意思
It is a most
important question.
16.
用比较级表示最高级。
同一范围用：
than
any
other +n
的单数；
than
the
other
+n
复数
He is taller
than any other student in his class
He
is taller than the other students in his class.
=He is the tallest
student in his
class.
He is tall than any of the other
students in......
不是同一范围时找无
o
ther
的选项
Shanghai
is bigger than any other city in China.
Shanghai is bigger than any city in
Japan
17
．
less/least+adj
A is less careful than B------B is more
careful than A
A
is
less
expensive
than
B-----A
is
cheaper
than
B
-----B
is
more
expensive
than A.
.
.
定语从句
1.
定语从句
:
在复合句中
,
修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句
,
被修饰
的名
词或代词叫做先行词
,
定语从句一
般放在先行词的后面
.
e.g: Chen
Guang Biao is the man who/that raises money to
build schools.
We
should
remember
those
days
that/which
we
spent
during
the
Olympic
Games.
有时
,
先行词与从句不是紧挨着。
E.g:He
sent
a
message
to
me
which
said
he
was
busy
2.
关系词
:
引导定语从句的关联词称为
...
，关系词有关系代词和关系
副词。
3.
关系代词作用：
①引导从句。
②代替主句中的先行词。
③在定
语从句中充当一个句子成分
,
做宾语时可以省去。
4.
关系代词
: tha
t
（人
/
物）
, which
（物）
,
who
（人）
, whom(
人
,
宾格
),
whose
（所有格）
, as
等
,
没有
what
；
关系代词在从句中作主语，宾语
(
可以省去
)
，表
语，定语等
.
It is about a man who/that falls in
love with a woman when he travels on
a
ship.
The place that/which you were
born in is San Francisco.
The person
who/that took him abroad when
you
’
re young was his uncle.
.
.
Is the piano
you are playing bought at the high price?
5.
关系副词
:
where,
when,
why
等。在从句中作地点状语
where=in/
at/
on/
...
which
，
时间状语
when=during/ on/ in/ ...
which
，
原因状语
why=for
which
等。
I still
remember the room where I was born.
I have to make marks in places where I
have questions.
Do you remember the
afternoon when we met for the first time?
6.
注意点：
1).
先行词不能重复
the book .
This is the right book which
Mr LI is looking for it.
2).
关系词在从句中做主语时，从句中谓语动词的单复数要视先行词的单复而定。
I hate people who talk too much but do
little.
I hate the man who talks
too much but does little.
He is one of
the teenagers who / that are interested in flying.
7.
关系代词用
that
的情况。
1).
先行词是
all, much,
little, few, anything, everything, nothing , none,
the one
等不定代词时。
Is there anything (that )you want to
buy in the shop
？
There
’
s not much
that should be done right now.
I
did nothing that hurt you in the past.
2).
先行词被
the
only
（唯一）
, the
very
（正是）
, the last
等
adv
修饰时。
After
the
fire
in
his
house,
the
old
car
is
the
only
thing
(that)
he
owned.
Cheating was the only
thing that interested her most.
This is the very dictionary (that) I
want to buy
。
Game of Death was the last film (that)
he acted in.
3).
先行词被序数词和最高级修
饰时。
He was the first person
that passed the exam.
This is
the best film (that) I have ever seen.
4).
以
who
或
which
开始的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用
that.
例如：
Who is the girl that is
crying
？
正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？
5).
先行词里同时含有人或物时
.
I
can
remember
well
the
persons
and
some
pictures (that)
I
saw
in
the
room.
我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片
.
.
一．这些动词的现在分词要双写加
ing
，
1.
sit/put/get/f
orget/hit/let/cut/chat/fit
（使）
适合；
安装；
合身
/forget
,
shut
，
spit
吐痰，
set
设置
,
放置，安
置
.regret,babysit
2. stop,
shop,
drop, mop,
trip
绊倒，摔倒
,
step
踩
, trap
陷入（困境）
clap
，
slip
滑，滑脱
3. swim/ begin/run /win / plan /spin
4. travel/quarrel/control /cancel
取消，注销；抵消
5. beg/
dig/nod / rob
6. refer vi.
提到；参考，查阅
;prefer
更喜欢
star
主演
二．这些动词的过去式和过去分词是规则的，要双写
+ed.
1.
chat/fit
（使）适合；安装；合身
,regret
2. stop,
shop, drop, mop,
trip
绊倒，摔倒
,
step
踩
, trap
陷入（困境）
clap
，
slip
滑，滑脱
3. plan
4.
travel/quarrel/control /cancel
.
.
5. beg/nod / rob
6. refer vi.
提到；参考，查阅
;prefer
更喜欢
star
主演
三．
adj
的比较级
1.
双写
+er
wet--wetter--wettest
thin--
thinner
—
thinnest
big--bigger--biggest
slim-slimmer-
slimmest
sad--sadder--saddest
red--
redder
—
reddest mad-madder <
/p>
2.
辅音字母
+y
结尾的词，改
y
为
i
，再加
er/est
easy--easier--
easiest heavy tidy empty busy
sunny dry cloudy snowy rainy windy
tasty
funny happy lucky healthy
wealthy friendly early lovely
一般现在时
1.
一般现在时表示经常发生的动作或存在状态，特征，能力
,
性格。
2.
通常与
every
day/
year/morning/Monday/
autumn,
always,
usually,
often,
sometimes, at
times, never
等连用。
3.
句型构成
①
be
动词：
主语
+be(am,is,are)+
其它
< br> I
am
an
English
football
player.
②行为动词：主语
+
行为动词
(+
其它
)
。
We
study than before. He likes ice cream.
4..
主语在第三人称单数时用动词的
“
三单形式
”
，其他人称用动词原形。
5.
动词三单的变化规则：
①一般情况下，直接加
-s play
—
plays like
—
likes
②以
s. x. ch,sh ,o
结
尾
,
加
-es: misses,
passes, mixes, fixes, watches,
pushes,
wishes,
do--does, go--goes
fat-fatter-fattest
.
.
③以
“
辅音字母
+y
”
结尾，变
y
为
i,
再加
-es try---tries study---
studies
cry---cries fly---flies (
以
“
元音字母
+y
”
结尾，直接加
-s, buys,
enjoys,
plays, stays, says,
pays
）
不规则变化：
be---- is have----
has
6.
句子转换：
①一般疑问句：
be
动词或情态动词
(can,could
等
)
提到主语的前面，
当句子中没有
be
动词或情态动词，在句首用
do/
does
变成问句；原来的行为
动词恢复原形
< br>
②变否定句：
在
be
动词或情态动词后面加
not
；
当句子中没有
be
动词或情态动词
时，主语后加助动词
don
’
t,
doesn
’
t
形成成否定，原来的行
为动词恢复原形
7.
人称
:
第一人称
I, we
第二人称：
you, you
第三人称单数：①人称代词
he,
she,
it
②单个人名
Han
Mei
、地名
Beijing
或称呼
< br>Uncle Wang
③单数可数名词
a desk<
/p>
或
单数可数名词
④不可数名词
the
milk/bread
⑤不定代词
someone, anyone,
anybody, somebody, no one, nobody, everyone,
everything, something, nothing,
anything
及指示代词
this, that
⑥动名
词
doing
morning exercises, drinking milk
⑦特殊疑问词
what, who, which
一般过去时
1
、定义：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
.
2
、表示过去的时间，
yesterday, the day
before yesterday, last night/ year
/
week/Tuesday
/spring, in 1990 / May, in
the 1970s, two days /a moment
ago
，
after two
hours
=two
hours
later,
this
morning, just
now,
once
upon
a
time,
the
other
day(
几天前
),
in
the
past
,
used
to
do...(
过去常常
)
，<
/p>
at
5=at
the
age
of
5=when
sb was 5.
when,
before
等引导的时间状语从句等。
3
、句型构成
①主语
+was/ were +.....
主语
+was not
（
wasn
’
t
）
/were not(weren
’
t)
Was/ Were +
主语
+......?
.
.
②主语
+
行为动词过去式
+.......
主语
+did
not/didn
’
t
+
行为动词原形
+......
Did+
主
语
+
行
为
动
词
原
形
+......
？
特
殊
疑
问
词
+did+
主
语
+
动
词
原
形
？
如：
What did Jim do yesterday?
特殊疑问词当主语时：疑问词
+
动词过
去式？
如：
Who
went to home
yesterday?
4
、动词过去式的构成：
(1)
规则动词过去式的构成
①直接加
-ed
。如
look-looked
，
play-played,
offer-offered, weigh-weighed,
destroy-destroyed, sign-signed.
②以不发音字
母
e
结尾的动词，
去
< br>e
再加
-ed
。
如
like
—
liked,
provide
—
provided,
hate
—
hated, live-
lived
。
③末尾是辅音字母
+y
结尾的动词，
变
y
为
i
，
加
-ed
。
如
s
tudy-studied,
fly-flied,
carry-carried,
cry---cried
元
音
字
母
+y<
/p>
”
结
尾
，
直
接
加
-ed,
stayed,
enjoyed,
played
④末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母
,
再加
-ed, stop,
drop,
trap, shop, mop
plan, fit(
使适当，安装，合身
) ,travel
,prefer
，
refer,
regret, ban, beg
，
nod
(2)
不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆
5.
注意：
①时态一致的需要用一般过去时。
如：
I
didn
’
t know you were here.
没想到你在这里。
②表示一系列的动
作，尽管有先后，都用一般过去时，最后两个动词之间用
and
连结。
如：
He opened the door, rushed
out and then disappeared.
他打开门，冲
了出去，然后就消失了。
After he packed his school bag, he
went out.
③在语境中理解
“
我刚才
/
原来还不
……”
。
如：
—
Your phone
number again? I didn
’
t
quite catch it.
—
It
’
s
2566666.
.
.
—
You
can
’
t
smoke
here,
look
at
the
sign
on
the
wall.
—
Sorry,
I
didn
’
t
notice it.
现在进行时
1
、定义：表示此时或先阶段正在进行着某种事情
2
、时间状语：
now,
at the present, at the moment, today, this week,
these
days
3
、句型
构成：肯定句式：主语
+be( am, is, are)+
现在分词
+
其它
.
否定句式：主语
+be(am, is, are) +not
+
现在分词
+
其它
We are waiting for you. They are
playing basketball now.
Listen
！
She is
singing an English song
Look, they are
announcing the result of the game show.
He is writing another novel these days.
It
’
s 3 p.m. The
students are
having a break.
How are you
feeling today
4
、动词现在分词的构成：
1.).
直接加
-ing
2.)
以不发音
e
结尾
一般应去掉
e
再加
ing
（
see-
seeing
）
write
hope care have save produce
breathe
writing hoping caring
having saving producing breathing
3.)
重读闭音节加一辅音结尾的，最后一个字母需重复
run, plan, stop, shop, mop, trap,
drop, trip
绊倒，绊；
skip-
skipping
跳
绳
,
travel, control, begin, swim get , put ,sit ,cut
, forget, permit,
dig
4 )
特殊
die
—
dyi
ng
，
tie
—
tying
，
lie
—
lying
5
、现在进行时与
always
,usually ,continually ,forever
等副词连用时带有感
情色彩
You
’
re
always
changing
your
mind.
你老是改变主意。
The
boy
is
forever
asking
questions.
那个男孩老是问问题。
6
、表示位置
移动的动词用现在进行时表将来，有
“
意图
”“
安排
”“
打算
”
等义。表最
近或较近的将来，
Annie is coming to supper this
evening.
I
’
m going to
Shanghai tomorrow.
我明天要去上海。
The guest is leaving by train tonight.
客人今晚坐火车走。
The
boys are starting school on Monday.
.