-
中考英语复习词形归纳
一、名词的复数形式构成：
1.
以－
f
或－
fe<
/p>
结尾的名词变复数
（
1
）加－
s
，如：
cafes,
giraffes
（
2
）去
f
，
fe
加－
ves
，如：
half-
halves
knife-
knives
leaf-
leaves
life-lives
wolf-wolves
thief-thieves
self-selves
wife-
wives
shelf-shelves
歌诀记忆：
树叶
（
leaf
）
< br>半数
（
half
）
自己
（
self
）
黄；
妻子
（
wife<
/p>
）
拿刀
（
kni
fe
）
去割粮；架（
shelf
）后窜出一匹狼（
wolf
）
；就像小偷（
thief
）逃命（
life
）亡。
这
9
个名词变复数时，都要改－
f
（
e
）为
v
，再加－
es
，
2.
以－
o
结尾的名词，变复数
（
1
）
加
s
，
如：
photo-photos
piano-pianos
radio-radios
zoo-
zoos
kilo-kilos
（
2
）
加
es
，
如：
potato-potatoes
tomato-tomatoes
mangoes, Negro-Negroes
hero-heroes
歌诀记忆：黑人（
Negro
）和英雄（
hero
）爱吃芒果、西红柿（
tomat
o
）和
马铃薯（
potato
）
。除了这五个以－
o
结尾的名词加－
es
外，其余的以－
o
结尾
的名词加－
s
。
3.
表示
―
国家
‖
的名词变复数
Chinese-
Chinese
Japanese-
Japanese
Englishman-
Englishmen
Frenchman-
Frenchmen
Russian-Russians
Indian-Indians
Canadian-Canadians
American-Americans
歌诀记忆：
中
（
Chinese
）
日
（
Japanese
）
不变
，
英
（
Englishman
）
法
（
Frenchm
an
）
变，其余
s
加后面。
4.
以复数形式出现的名词
goods
货物
trousers/pants /jeans
/shorts
裤子
clothes
衣服
glasses
眼镜
5.
以
s
结尾，仍为单数的名
词
（<
/p>
1
）
maths
，
politics
，
physics
等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。
（
2
）
news
是不可数名词。
（
3
）
the
United States
，
the United
Nations
应视为单数。
6.<
/p>
由
man
和
wo
man
构成的合成名词，两个构成部分都要变成复数
如：
man worker-men
workers
（男工人）
woman doctor-
women
doctors
（女医
生）
7.
以辅音字母＋
y
结
尾的名词，变
y
为
i
< br>再加－
es
。例如：
baby-babies,
city-cities,
story-stories,
party-
parties,
lady-ladies,
diary-
diaries,
century-centuries
copy-copies country, company, factory,
family, memory, enemy,
hobby,
dictionary, university
8.
以
s
，
x
，
ch
，
sh
结尾的名词
加－
es
，如：
class-classes
bus-buses,
boss-bosses
class,
glass,
dress,
box-boxes,
foxes,
watch-
watches
speech-speeches,
,
beach-beaches
church-churches,
sandwiches,
coaches, matches, inches, brush-brushes
dishes, wishes, fishes
9.
其他不规则变化
man-
men
woman-women
goose-geese
foot-
feet
tooth-teeth
child-children
fish-fish
deer-
deer
sheep-sheep
mouse-mice
fisherman-fishermen,
policeman,
chairman,
spaceman,
postman,
salesman,
snowman
歌诀记忆：男人（
man
）女人（
woman
）
a
变
e
，鹅（
goose
）足（
foot
）牙
（
tooth
）
？
oo
变
ee
。
孩子
（
chil
d
）
加上
ren
，
鱼
（
fish
）
鹿
（
deer
< br>）
绵羊
（
sheep
）
1
不用变。
[
注
]
<
/p>
fish
指鱼的种类时，
要加上－
es
构成其复数；
当指鱼的条数时，
单复
数同形；指鱼肉时，为不可数名词。
二、代词
（人称代词、物主代词、反身代词的构成）
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
复数
单数
复数
单数
复数
主格
I
we
you
you
he/she/it
they
人称
代词
宾格
me
us
you
you
him/her/it
them
形容词
my
our
your
your
his/her/it
s
their
性
物主
代词
his/her
s
/it
名词性
mine
our
s
your
s
your
s
their
s
s
him
self
反身
our
selve
your
selv
them
selv
my
self
your
self
her
self
代词
s
es
es
it
self
三、数词
（基数词、序数词、分数、百分数）
first
second
third
fifth
twelfth
eighth
ninth
twentieth
fortieth
ninetieth
twenty-first
基变序，
有规律，末尾加上
th
；一二三特殊记
，八减
t,
九去
e, ve
要用
f
替；
y
结尾变
ie,
后跟
th
莫忘记；若想表示几十几，只变个位就可以。
四、形容词和副词
（原级、比较级、最高级）
(1)
一般在词尾加
er/est:
gre
at
—
greater
—
greatest, young
—
younger
—youngest,
slow→slower→slowest
(2)
以
e
结尾的词加
r/st
:
nice
—
nicer
—
nicest,
large
< br>—
larger
—
larges
t,
huge,
wise,
wide, fine, late
(3)
< br>以辅音字母
+y
结尾的词把
y<
/p>
改
i
再加
er/
est:
heavy
—
heavie
r
—
heaviest,easy
—<
/p>
easier
—
easiest,bus
y
—
busier
—
< br>busiest,
funny
—
funnier
—
funniest,
early
—
earlier
—
earliest,
lucky,
healthy,
lazy,
angry,
happy, hungry
(4)
以一个读短音的元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾，双写该辅音字母再加
er/est: <
/p>
big
—
bigger
< br>—
biggest, thin
—
thinner
—
thinnest, fat
—
fatter
—
fatt
est,
fit
—
fitter
—
fittest, wet
—
wetter
—
wettest, hot
—
hotter
—
h
ottest, mad, sad, glad
(5)
多音
节词在其前加
more/most:
careful→more careful—
most
careful
，
useful
—<
/p>
more useful
—
most
useful
popular→more popular→most
popular, slowly—
more
slowly
—
most slowly
carelessly
—
more
carelessly
—
most carelessly,
more politely-most politely
(6)
不规则变化的词
good
／
well→better→best
;
ba
d
／
ill
／
badly→worse→worst
many
／
much→more→most;
little→less→le
ast
old→older
／
elder→oldest
（指年龄大小）／
eldest
（指长幼顺序）<
/p>
far→farther
／
further→farthest
（指距离）／
furthest
（指程度）
五、动
词：
（原形、第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式、过去分词）
1.
第三人称单数：
(1)-s
buys,
stays, plays, enjoys, destroys, says, ties, lies,
waits, shops, begins
2
(2)-es
brush,
rush, push, fish, wish, wash, teach, watch, catch,
match, search, dress,
miss, discuss,
fix, relax do , go
(3)
去
y
加
ies
carry, hurry, worry, try,
cry, dry(v.), fly, reply, copy, study, tidy (v),
2.
现在分词：
(1)-ing
waiting, raining,
happening, visiting, suffering, seeing
(2)
去
e
加
ing
give, leave,
have, lose, invite, close, admire, breathe, cause,
prepare
(3)
双写辅音字母加
ing
sit, hit, cut,
put, chat, get, forget, shut, set, let, fit
begin, plan,
win, run, spin; nod, swim, dig, jog, step, clap,
rob, rub, kidnap, shop,
drop
注意：
prefer, travel, quarrel,
control
(4) ie-ying
die, lie,
tie
—
dying, lying, tying
3.
过去式
/
过去分词
（规则变化）
(1)-ed
enjoyed,
destroyed,
stayed,
played,
waited,
rained,
happened,
visited,
suffered
(2)e-d
advise,
ache,
practice,
arrive,
believe,
receive,
refuse,
share,
continue,
breathe,
notice,
manage,
celebrate,
change,
score,
communicate,
dance,
decide,
describe,
force,
divide,
encourage,
hate,
hope,
move,
waste,
exercise,
imagine,
increase,
cause,
compare,
care,
complete,
introduce,
produce,
provide,
prove,
promise, invite, praise, prepare,
(3)
双写辅音字母加
ed
chat, fit, clap, stop, step, shop,
drop, rub, rob, kidnap, jog, plan, nod,
prefer, travel, quarrel, control
(4)
去
y
加
ied
study, carry, hurry, worry,
dry, try, cry, copy, reply, tidy(v.)
不规则动词的过去式和过去分词
：
<
/p>
A.
三形相同
(AAA
< br>型
): cost, cut, hit, hurt, let, put,
read, set, shut, spread
B.
两形相同
1)
原形与过去分词相同
:
(ABA
型
)
become-became-
become, come-came-come, run-ran-run
2)
原形与过去式相同
（
AAB
型）
beat-beat-
beaten
3)
过去式与过去分词相同
:
（
ABB
型）
bring-br
ough
t,
buy-b
ough
t,
fight-f
ough
t, think-
th
ough
t,
catch-c
augh
t,
teach-t
augh
t
build-buil
t
,
lend-len
t
, send-
sen
t
, spend-
spen
t
;
burn-burn<
/p>
ed
/burn
t
, dream-dream
ed
/dream
t
, learn-learn
ed
/learn
t
,
smell-smell
ed
/sme
lt
, spell-spell
ed
/spe
lt
pay-p
aid
,
say-s
aid
,
lay-l
aid
sell-s
old
,
tell-t
old
keep-k
ept
, sleep-
sl
ept
, sweep-
sw
ept
,
g
e
t-g
o
t, sh
i
ne-
sh
o
ne, w
i
< br>n-w
o
n, s
i
t-s
a
t,
st
i
ck-
st
u
ck, d
i
< br>g-d
u
g, h
o
ld-h
e
ld, h
a
ng-h
u
ng,
stand-
st
ood,
understand-
underst
ood
,
feel-f
elt
,
find-f
ound
,
m
ee
t-m
e
t, f
ee
d-f
e
d, bl
ee
d-bl
e
d, l
ea
d-l
e<
/p>
d, sh
oo
t-sh
o
t
have-had, leave-left,
lose-lost, make-made,
hear-
hear
d
, deal-
deal
t
, mean-
mean
t
C.
三形不同
(ABC
型
)
beg
i
n-beg<
/p>
a
n-beg
u
n,
drink-drank-drunk,
sing-
sang-sung,
ring-rang-
rung
，
swim-swam-swum
,
dr
i
ve-
dr
o
ve-
drive
n
,
rise-
rose-risen,
g
i
ve-
g
a
ve-
give
n
,
forgive-
forgave-forgiven;
3
r
i
de
-r
o
de-
rid
den
,
write-
wrote-written,forget-forgot-forgotten,hide-hid-
hidden,bite-bit-bitten
bl
ow<
/p>
-bl
ew
-bl
own
, grow-grew-grown, know-knew-known,
throw-threw-thrown,
show-sh
ow
ed
-show
n,
fly-
flew
-flown, dr
aw
-dr
ew
-dr
aw
n
,
br
eak
-br
oke
-broke
n
, speak-spoke-
spoken, steal-stole-stolen,
choose-
ch
o
se-
ch
osen
,
fr
ee
ze-
fr
o
ze-
fr
ozen,
w
a
ke-w
o
ke-
woke
n
,
t
ake
-t
ook
-take
n
, shake-shook-shaken,
mistake-mistook-mistaken,
t
ear
-t
ore
-t
orn
, wear-wore-worn
see-saw-seen,
go-went-gone,
fall-fell-fallen,
eat-ate-
eaten,
do-did-done,
be-
was/were-been
lie-lay-lain ,
六、构词法：
1) v.
n.
-ment:
treatment,
movement,
excitement,
improvement,
development,
agreement,
advertisement,
achievement, punishment, encouragement
-ion
:
invention,
collection,
direction,
action,
attraction,
suggestion,
discussion,
connection, instruction, introduc
e
-introduc
tion
去
e
加
ion: educate, donate, celebrate, operate,
communicate, graduate, congratulate,
create,
去
e
加
ation:
prepare, invite, organize, imagine,
examine
de
sion
deci
de
-deci
sion<
/p>
conc
lu
de
-conclu
sion
(
结论
)
-ing:
training,
meaning,
acting,
building,
meeting,
greeting,
feeling,
shaking,
warning
-or
director,
actor, visitor, inventor,
-er
player, reader, leader,
owner, worker, teacher, speaker, waiter,
supporter, farmer,
reporter
driver, dancer, writer, producer,
manager
winner, runner,
swimmer, robber, kidnapper, shopper, traveller
-ress
waitress, actress
n. -ist
scien
ce
-
scien
tist
,
art
ist
,
tour
ist
n.-er/r
prison
er
,
village
r
,
2) adj.
n.
-ness
illness,
sickness, kindness, sadness
(un)happiness, business,
ugliness
-y/ty
difficult
y
,
safe
ty; able=ability
-er/r
foreign
er
,
strange
r
t
ce
different, silent, important, patient,
confident
-th
long-length. strong-strength, warmth,
true-truth
wide-width, deep-depth
3) n.
adj.
-ous
dangerous,
humorous, poisonous
-ern
eastern, western, southern,
northern
-able
suitable, comfortable, fashionable,
enjoyable , valu
e
-valu
able
,
-al
national,
international, educational, traditional, musical,
personal
natural, cultural, practical
-y
lucky,
healthy,
sleepy,
sporty,
dirty,
rainy,
snowy,
cloudy,
windy,
fun
ny,
sun
ny
,
fog
gy
noise-noisy, ta
st
e
-tast
y
< br>, shin
e
-shin
y<
/p>
4
-ly
lovely, lively, friendly, lonely,
daily, weekly
-ful
careful, useful, harmful,
helpful, hopeful, meaningful, successful
-less
careless,
useless, harmless, meaningless, endless, homeless
-n
America
n
,
Australia
n
,
India
n
,
Russia
n
,
Asia
n
,
Africa
n
,
Europe
an,
Canad
a
-Canad
i
an
,
-en
wool(l)en, wooden, golden
4) v.
adj.
-ed
surprised,
amazed,
bored,
excited,
tired,
interested,
frightened,
relaxed,
satisfied, worried
-ing
surprising, amazing,
boring, exciting, tiring, interesting,
frightening, relaxing,
satisfying
sleeping,
living, coming, smiling,
-ive
active,
attractive, detective,
creat
e
-
creat
ive
, imagin
e
-imagin
ative
,
a-
a
live,
a
sleep,
a
wake
5)
adj.
adv.
-ly
quickly, quietly, sadly,
slowly, carefully, hopefully, successfully,
excitedly
le
变为
ly
gently, possibly, probably,
(un)comfortably, terribly, simply
去
y
加
ily
busy,
happy,
easy,
lazy,
heavy,
crazy,
(un)lucky,
(un)healthy,
noisy,
necessary
去
e
加
ly
tru
e
-
tru
ly
6)
前缀：
dis-
v.
dislike,
disagree, disappear
adj. dishonest
n. disadvantage
im-
impossible, impatient, impolite
in-
incorrect,
incomplete(
不完整的
),
inconvenient (
不便利的
),
inactive
ir-
irregular
un-
unable,
unkind,
unfriendly,
unusual,
uncommon,
unlucky,
unhealthy,
unwelcome, unfair
unnecessary, unpleasant , unimportant,
unpopular, uncomfortable
1
．
achieve (v.
)
→
achievement(n.)
2
．
active(adj.)
→
actively(adv.)
→
activity(n.)
3
．
annoy(v.)
→
annoyed(adj.)
4<
/p>
．
beauty(n.)
→
beautiful(adj.)
→
beautif
ully(adv.)
5
．
break(v.)
→
broken(adj.)
6
．
care(n.)
→
careless(adj.
→
careful(adj.
)
→
carefully(adv.)
7
．
complete(adj.)
→
completely(adv.)
8
．
confident(adj.)
→
confidently(adv.)
→
confidence(n.)
9
．
convenient(adj.)
→
conveniently(adv.)
10
．
correct(adj.)
→
correctly(adv.)
11
．
create
(v.)
→
creative(adj.)
12
．
crowd(v.)
→
crowded(adj.)
→
uncrowded(adj.)
13
．
die(v.)
→
death(n.)
→
dead(adj.)
14
．
deep(adj.)
→
deeply(adv.)
15<
/p>
．
develop(v.)developing(ped(ad
j.)
→
development(n.)
5
16
．
different(adj.
→
di
fferently(adv.)
17
．
direct(adj.)
→
directly(adv.)
→
director(n.)
18
．
honest(adj.)
→
dishonest(adj.)
19
．
donate(v.)
→
donation(n.)
20
．
easy(adj.)
→
easily(adv.)
21
．
east(n.)
→
eastern(adj.)
22
．
educate(v.)
→
education(n.)
→
educational(adj.)
23
．
embarrassing(adj.)
→
embarrassed(adj.)
24
．
danger(n.)
→
dangerous(adj.)
25
．
energy(n.)
→
energetic(adj.)
26
．
farm(n.)
→
farmer(n.)
27
．
final(adj.)
→
finally(adv.)
28
．
friend(n.)
→
friendly(adj.)
→
friendship(n.)
2
9
．
frustrate(v.)
→<
/p>
frustrating(adj.)
→
frustrated(adj.)
30
．
gentle(adj.)
→
gently(adv.)
31<
/p>
．
happy(adj.
→
unhappy
→
happily(adv.)
→
happiness(n.)
32
．
help(v./n.)
→
helpful(adj.)
33
．
important(adj.)
→
importance(n.)
34
．
impress(v.)
→
impressed(adj.)
35
．
include(v.)
→
including(prep.)
36
．
interest(v.)
→
interesting(adj.)
→
interested(adv.)
37
．
invent(v.)
→
inventor(n.)
→
invention(n.)
38
．
knowledge(n.
→
knowledgeable(adj.)
39
．
lead(v.)
→
leader(n.)
40
．
learn(v.)
→
learner(n.)
41
．
listen(v.)
→
listener(n.)
42
．
main(adj.)
→
mainly(adv.)
43
．
medicine(n.)
→
medical(adj.)
44
．
memory(n.)
→
memorize(v.)
45
．
mislead(v.)
→
misleading(adj.)
46
．
mix(v.)
→
mixture(n.)
47
．
most(adj.)
→
mostly(adv.)
48
．
mystery(n.)
→
mysterious(adj.)
49
．
neighbor(n.)
→
neighborhood(n.)
50
．
noise(n.)
→
noisy(adj.)
51
．
normal(adj.)
→
normally(adv.)
52
．
organize(v.)
→
organized(adj.)
→
organization(n.)
53
．
own(v./adj.)
→
owner(n.)
54
．
patient(adj.)
→
impatient(adj.)
6
55
．
peace(n.)
→
peaceful(adj.)
5
6
．
photograph(n.)
→
photographer(n.)
→
photography(n.)
57
．
play(v.)
→
playful(adj.)
58
．
please(v.)
→
pleasant(adj.)
→
pleased
(adj.)
→
pleasure(n.)
59
．
poem(n.)
→
poet(n.)
60
．
pollute(v.)
→
polluted(adj.)
→
pollution(n.)
61
．
popular(adj.)
→
popularity(n.)
62
．
press(v.)
→
pressure(n.)
63
．
produce(v.)
→
product(n.)
64
．
pronounce(v.)
→
pronunciation(n.)
65
．
proper(adj.)
→
properly(adv.)
66
．
quick(adj.)
→
quickly(adv.)
67
．
recent(adj.)
→
recently(adv.)
68
．
relax(v.)
→
relaxed(adj.)
→
relaxing(adj.)
69
．
rude(adj.)
→
rudely(adv.)
70
．
safe(adj.)
→
safely(adv.)
→
safety(n.)
71
．
salt(n.)
→
salty(adj.)
72
．
science(n.)
→
scientist(n.)
→
scientist(adj.)
73
．
sell(v.)
→
sale(n.)
74
．
serve(v.)
→
service(n.)
75
．
shine(v.)
→
shiny(adj.)
76
．
sleep(v./n.)
→
sleepy(adj.)
→
asleep(adj.)
77
．
slow(adj.)
→
slowly(adv.)
78
．
social(adj.)
→
society(n.)
79
．
soft(adj.)
→
softly(adv.)
80
．
solve(v.)
→
solution(n.)
81
．
south(n.)
→
southern(adj.)
82
．
special(adj.)
→
specially(adv.)
83
．
specific(adj.
→
specifically(adv.)
84
．
strong(adj.)
→
strongly(adv.)
85
．
succeed(v.)
→
success(n.)
→
successful(adj.
successfully(adv
86
．
suit(v.)
→
suitable(adj.)
87
．
suggest(v.)
→
suggestion(n.)
88
．
taste(v./n.)
→
tasty(adj.)
89
．
terrify(v.)
→
terrified(adj.)
90
．
think(v.)
→
thought(n.)
91
．
thrill(v.)
→
thrilled(adj.)
→
thrilling(adj.)
92
．
tiring(adj.)
→
tired(adj.)
7
→
93
．
surprise(v./n.)
→
surprised(adj.)
94
．
tour(n
→
tourist(n.
→
touristy(adj.
95
．
translate(v.)
→
translator(n.)
96
．
true(adj.)
→
truth(n.)
97
．
village(n.)
→
villager(n.)
98
．
weigh(v.)
→
weight(n.)
99
．
wind(n.)
→
windy(adj.)
100
．
wood(n.)
→
wooden(adj.)
101
．
worry(v./n.)
→
worried(adj.)
词缀变化中学归纳
动词变名词
1.v+ ment
结尾
achieve---achievement
成就
advertise--- advertisement//
advertising
agree
—
(in )agreement
apartment
公寓
amusement
娱乐
argue---
argument
争吵
commit
奉献
< br>—
commitment
compliment
称赞，恭维
develop---
development
dis
gree
—
disagreement
department
局，部
experiment
实验，试验
equip
装备
---equipment
装备，器材
govern
统治
—
government
政府
manage---management
经营
管理
2
．
V+ tion
结尾
attract
吸引
—
attraction
有吸引力的事或人
conclude
—
conclusion
结论
compete
< br>—
competition
竞争，比赛
discuss
—
< br>discussion
讨论
educate-----education
decide----
decision
describe
—
descriptio
n
描写，描绘
express
表达
----expression
词语；表达方式
graduate
毕业
—
graduation
operate
操作，动手术
—
operation
organize----
organization
instruct
—
instructio
n
指导，
介绍
invent
—
inventor /
invention
invite
—
invitation
inspire---inspiration
灵感，鼓舞人心的
---
pollute----pollution
污染
predict---prediction
预言
pronounce ---pronunciation
8
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